Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus)
... levels. For example, in other countries, including its native range, it has been demonstrated that abundance of L. gibbosus can affect snail abundance (Osenberg et al. 1992) and may have an impact on fish eggs (Garcia-Berthou & Moreno-Amich, 2000). However, studies in GB have found no evidence of ec ...
... levels. For example, in other countries, including its native range, it has been demonstrated that abundance of L. gibbosus can affect snail abundance (Osenberg et al. 1992) and may have an impact on fish eggs (Garcia-Berthou & Moreno-Amich, 2000). However, studies in GB have found no evidence of ec ...
spillover and species interactions across habitat edges between
... spillover alters trophic interactions in the recipient habitat. The study of trophic interactions at a community level requires understanding of both direct and indirect interactions. However, community-level indirect interactions are generally difficult to predict and measure, and these have theref ...
... spillover alters trophic interactions in the recipient habitat. The study of trophic interactions at a community level requires understanding of both direct and indirect interactions. However, community-level indirect interactions are generally difficult to predict and measure, and these have theref ...
How variation between individuals affects species coexistence
... we assume that inferior and superior species have the same amount of intraspecific variation, and we relax this assumption in a subsequent analysis. We describe individual variation in competitive sensitivity with symmetric, four-parameter beta distributions, which allows us to define reasonable pos ...
... we assume that inferior and superior species have the same amount of intraspecific variation, and we relax this assumption in a subsequent analysis. We describe individual variation in competitive sensitivity with symmetric, four-parameter beta distributions, which allows us to define reasonable pos ...
Adaptive Radiation, Ecological Opportunity, and
... species that prey on other members of the clade. The implications of this finding are twofold: first, the more a clade radiates, the more it may provide resources leading to additional divergence; and second, predatory interactions, as well as competitive ones, may occur among species within an adap ...
... species that prey on other members of the clade. The implications of this finding are twofold: first, the more a clade radiates, the more it may provide resources leading to additional divergence; and second, predatory interactions, as well as competitive ones, may occur among species within an adap ...
The influence of landscape heterogeneity on amphibian
... therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. ...
... therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. ...
QUESTION: Review
... • Parasitism (+/-) = a relationship in which one organism (parasite) depends on another (host) for nourishment or other benefit • Some species live within the host - Disease, tapeworms • Others are free-living, and have infrequent contact with their hosts - Examples: mistletoe, ticks & mites, and se ...
... • Parasitism (+/-) = a relationship in which one organism (parasite) depends on another (host) for nourishment or other benefit • Some species live within the host - Disease, tapeworms • Others are free-living, and have infrequent contact with their hosts - Examples: mistletoe, ticks & mites, and se ...
draft - Lord Howe Island
... Sydney and published in 1983 identified 26 vegetation associations. In this instance a >vegetation association= refers to Acommunities of separate species which, because of common environmental (and inter-specific) requirements, occur together. They are usually described by reference to the dominant ...
... Sydney and published in 1983 identified 26 vegetation associations. In this instance a >vegetation association= refers to Acommunities of separate species which, because of common environmental (and inter-specific) requirements, occur together. They are usually described by reference to the dominant ...
Factors controlling the upper and lower limits of the intertidal
... low floods was highly variable. In our sample of 21 winter months (December, January, and February of the 7 years 1986 to 1992), it ranged from 6 to 60% of the about 60 monthly HW periods. In about half of these winters, long continuous periods of low HW levels occurred, including more than 10 succe ...
... low floods was highly variable. In our sample of 21 winter months (December, January, and February of the 7 years 1986 to 1992), it ranged from 6 to 60% of the about 60 monthly HW periods. In about half of these winters, long continuous periods of low HW levels occurred, including more than 10 succe ...
setting conservation and research priorities for larger african
... Howard Quigley, and Peter Howard for providing the support and enthusiasm necessary to kickstart this effort. They, together with Kathy Conforti, Monica Wrobel, and Graeme Patterson, provided key input in the design phases. James Deutsch joined in later, and has been a steady source of encouragement ...
... Howard Quigley, and Peter Howard for providing the support and enthusiasm necessary to kickstart this effort. They, together with Kathy Conforti, Monica Wrobel, and Graeme Patterson, provided key input in the design phases. James Deutsch joined in later, and has been a steady source of encouragement ...
full text - Anthony Herrel
... adhere to many lizard generalities, the exceptions show that there is far more to learn about the ecology of chameleons. Although some arboreal lizards are arranged into many specialist guilds (e.g., Anolis lizards), only two morphologically and taxonomically distinct guilds are recognized for chame ...
... adhere to many lizard generalities, the exceptions show that there is far more to learn about the ecology of chameleons. Although some arboreal lizards are arranged into many specialist guilds (e.g., Anolis lizards), only two morphologically and taxonomically distinct guilds are recognized for chame ...
COASTAL BEACH ECOSYSTEMS
... across the intertidal zone by excavating quadrats and passing the sand through a screen of 1-mm mesh, the optimum mesh size, Other mesh sizes, for example, a,s mm or 2 mm, have also been used and can significantly influence the results, The finer mesh size is more effective in sampling larval stages ...
... across the intertidal zone by excavating quadrats and passing the sand through a screen of 1-mm mesh, the optimum mesh size, Other mesh sizes, for example, a,s mm or 2 mm, have also been used and can significantly influence the results, The finer mesh size is more effective in sampling larval stages ...
A Basis for Relative Growth Rate Differences Between Native and
... observed in the 12 study species across the 6 harvest intervals. An individual harvest could be used to calculate multiple harvest intervals (e.g., harvest 1 vs. harvest 2 and harvest 1 vs. harvest 4). The model fit index, GFI, was 0.86, indicating a reasonable fit of our path model to the data. The ...
... observed in the 12 study species across the 6 harvest intervals. An individual harvest could be used to calculate multiple harvest intervals (e.g., harvest 1 vs. harvest 2 and harvest 1 vs. harvest 4). The model fit index, GFI, was 0.86, indicating a reasonable fit of our path model to the data. The ...
Synchronous dynamics of zooplankton competitors
... communities [1,2] and of the processes structuring community composition [3–5]. Synchrony and its alternative pattern, compensation (or compensatory dynamics), are mutually exclusive phenomenological features of community dynamics that can arise from many underlying mechanisms [6,7]. Compensation ma ...
... communities [1,2] and of the processes structuring community composition [3–5]. Synchrony and its alternative pattern, compensation (or compensatory dynamics), are mutually exclusive phenomenological features of community dynamics that can arise from many underlying mechanisms [6,7]. Compensation ma ...
Variable Phytotoxic Effects of Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae
... Soils were collected in late September at the very beginning of the rainy season, before any germination had taken place. They were kept cool and returned to the lab the same day. The next day, soils of a given origin were mixed thoroughly, and then they were spread out into small containers (10 cm ...
... Soils were collected in late September at the very beginning of the rainy season, before any germination had taken place. They were kept cool and returned to the lab the same day. The next day, soils of a given origin were mixed thoroughly, and then they were spread out into small containers (10 cm ...
Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic
... Empirical ecological research is typically carried out over small spatiotemporal scales (Callahan, 1984) and rarely across multiple levels of organisation (e.g. individuals to ecosystems), largely due to logistic constraints. This is a major challenge because climate change in natural systems operat ...
... Empirical ecological research is typically carried out over small spatiotemporal scales (Callahan, 1984) and rarely across multiple levels of organisation (e.g. individuals to ecosystems), largely due to logistic constraints. This is a major challenge because climate change in natural systems operat ...
Is invasion success explained by the enemy release hypothesis?
... between the effects of pathogenic and facilitative interactions. Thus a reduction in the negative effects of soil microbes could be the result of a reduction in negative interactions or a corresponding increase in the effects of facilitators. We therefore stress caution when citing the results of so ...
... between the effects of pathogenic and facilitative interactions. Thus a reduction in the negative effects of soil microbes could be the result of a reduction in negative interactions or a corresponding increase in the effects of facilitators. We therefore stress caution when citing the results of so ...
as a PDF
... However, juvenile P. argus associating with D. antillarum routinely follow the urchins across seagrass beds and quickly return to them when removed and released several m away (Davis, 1971). Because each decapod species does not always associate with D. antillarum, and the decapods apparently derive ...
... However, juvenile P. argus associating with D. antillarum routinely follow the urchins across seagrass beds and quickly return to them when removed and released several m away (Davis, 1971). Because each decapod species does not always associate with D. antillarum, and the decapods apparently derive ...
Biology of Mayflies - Ephemeroptera Galactica
... exact numberof instars has only been determined in a few species (24, 44, 57). Manyworkers have therefore distinguished developmental stages on the basis of morphological characters (77). Although these mayencompass several instars, they have proved useful in analyzing complex life cycle patterns (1 ...
... exact numberof instars has only been determined in a few species (24, 44, 57). Manyworkers have therefore distinguished developmental stages on the basis of morphological characters (77). Although these mayencompass several instars, they have proved useful in analyzing complex life cycle patterns (1 ...
Evolution of hematophagous habit in Triatominae (Heteroptera
... Triatomines phylogeny Hemiptera The beginnings of the Hemiptera order go back to the late Carboniferous, 300 million years ago (Ma), with fossils dated to the Early Permian (Wootton 1981; Burmester 2001; Grimaldi and Engel 2005; Table 1). Nearly 82,000 species have been described within this monophy ...
... Triatomines phylogeny Hemiptera The beginnings of the Hemiptera order go back to the late Carboniferous, 300 million years ago (Ma), with fossils dated to the Early Permian (Wootton 1981; Burmester 2001; Grimaldi and Engel 2005; Table 1). Nearly 82,000 species have been described within this monophy ...
How do bryophytes govern generative recruitment of vascular plants?
... • Interactions between vascular plants and bryophytes determine plant community composition in many ecosystems. Yet, little is known about the importance of interspecific differences between bryophytes with respect to their effects on vascular plants. We compared the extent to which species-specific ...
... • Interactions between vascular plants and bryophytes determine plant community composition in many ecosystems. Yet, little is known about the importance of interspecific differences between bryophytes with respect to their effects on vascular plants. We compared the extent to which species-specific ...
Synchronous dynamics of zooplankton competitors prevail in
... communities [1,2] and of the processes structuring community composition [3–5]. Synchrony and its alternative pattern, compensation (or compensatory dynamics), are mutually exclusive phenomenological features of community dynamics that can arise from many underlying mechanisms [6,7]. Compensation ma ...
... communities [1,2] and of the processes structuring community composition [3–5]. Synchrony and its alternative pattern, compensation (or compensatory dynamics), are mutually exclusive phenomenological features of community dynamics that can arise from many underlying mechanisms [6,7]. Compensation ma ...
Longitudinal monitoring of parasites in individual wild primates
... well studied. My aim was to identify which factors affect the parasite community during the lifetime of individual hosts by following longitudinally several individuals from a long-living species. Specifically, I was interested in how the dynamics of infra- and component communities differ from one ...
... well studied. My aim was to identify which factors affect the parasite community during the lifetime of individual hosts by following longitudinally several individuals from a long-living species. Specifically, I was interested in how the dynamics of infra- and component communities differ from one ...
Battle of the barnacle newcomers: niche compression in invading
... brushed each plate with a toothbrush and rinsed it with seawater to remove debris for easier identification of barnacle species. Barnacles were closed during the brushing, so this was unlikely to have hurt adults; examination of the plates before and after brushing confirmed that this did not remove ...
... brushed each plate with a toothbrush and rinsed it with seawater to remove debris for easier identification of barnacle species. Barnacles were closed during the brushing, so this was unlikely to have hurt adults; examination of the plates before and after brushing confirmed that this did not remove ...
UNCORRECTED PROOF Frog community responses to recent
... 2(1%–10%), 3 (11%–20%),…9 (81%–90%) and 10 (>90%) (Li et al., 2006). We estimated shade in a water body by measuring the angle from the water body center at eye height to the top of the tree line or horizon east, south and west using a handheld clinometer (Adams et al., 2003). We used the average of ...
... 2(1%–10%), 3 (11%–20%),…9 (81%–90%) and 10 (>90%) (Li et al., 2006). We estimated shade in a water body by measuring the angle from the water body center at eye height to the top of the tree line or horizon east, south and west using a handheld clinometer (Adams et al., 2003). We used the average of ...
African Carrion Ecosystems and Their Insect Communities in
... (Ullyett 1950). The decay processes affect the suite of animals that may be attracted. The functional roles that are played by the mammals and insects that are attracted to terrestrial carrion are dominated by fish and crustaceans in marine and freshwater carrion communities. The vertebrates and cru ...
... (Ullyett 1950). The decay processes affect the suite of animals that may be attracted. The functional roles that are played by the mammals and insects that are attracted to terrestrial carrion are dominated by fish and crustaceans in marine and freshwater carrion communities. The vertebrates and cru ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.