Biological Synopsis
... may consist of up to tens of thousands of zooids, covering kelp blades many metres in length (Pratt 2005). Competition for substrate is often fierce and rapid occupation (several mm per day) of areas often occurs (Rowley 2004). Intense predation in its native range episodically occurs by specialized ...
... may consist of up to tens of thousands of zooids, covering kelp blades many metres in length (Pratt 2005). Competition for substrate is often fierce and rapid occupation (several mm per day) of areas often occurs (Rowley 2004). Intense predation in its native range episodically occurs by specialized ...
Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and
... & Brown 1993; Naeem 1998). If there are sets of co-existing species whose ecological effects are similar, then any given species pool may be classified into Ôfunctional effect groupsÕ, based on the traits which determine these effects (Hooper et al. 2002; Lavorel & Garnier 2002). The degree of redun ...
... & Brown 1993; Naeem 1998). If there are sets of co-existing species whose ecological effects are similar, then any given species pool may be classified into Ôfunctional effect groupsÕ, based on the traits which determine these effects (Hooper et al. 2002; Lavorel & Garnier 2002). The degree of redun ...
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF VERTEBRATE HERBIVORES ON
... Abstract. Although competition has been a major focus in ecology for the past century, most empirical and theoretical studies in this area have emphasized interactions between closely related species. However, there is growing evidence that negative interactions among distantly related taxa also occ ...
... Abstract. Although competition has been a major focus in ecology for the past century, most empirical and theoretical studies in this area have emphasized interactions between closely related species. However, there is growing evidence that negative interactions among distantly related taxa also occ ...
Long-term Effects of Shifts in Grazing Pressure on
... species and growth form groups while others benefit from grazing. Cessation of grazing also alters the competitive relationship among plants, but how plant species respond to shifts in grazing pressure along an elevational gradient in the long term is less known. I used a largescale enclosure experi ...
... species and growth form groups while others benefit from grazing. Cessation of grazing also alters the competitive relationship among plants, but how plant species respond to shifts in grazing pressure along an elevational gradient in the long term is less known. I used a largescale enclosure experi ...
A review on the ecology and silviculture of limes (Tilia
... requires the application of selective thinning in younger stands and moderate thinning in older ...
... requires the application of selective thinning in younger stands and moderate thinning in older ...
Linking invasive exotic vertebrates and their ecosystem impacts in
... potentially alter ecosystems and noted that most of these modifications occurred via effects on habitat structure. Both authors also recognized that changes provoked by introduced species in nutrient cycling, soil properties, disturbance regimes (mainly fire) or food web dynamics had the potential to ...
... potentially alter ecosystems and noted that most of these modifications occurred via effects on habitat structure. Both authors also recognized that changes provoked by introduced species in nutrient cycling, soil properties, disturbance regimes (mainly fire) or food web dynamics had the potential to ...
Soil Heterogeneity Effects on Tallgrass Prairie Community
... to the strips assigned to the reduced N availability treatment. Sawdust was applied at a rate of 5.5 kg/m2 (dry weight) to increase existing soil carbon (C) to a level representative of prairie soil (’3% C, or two times the existing C content) based on total soil C (0–15 cm) content of 1.5% and bulk ...
... to the strips assigned to the reduced N availability treatment. Sawdust was applied at a rate of 5.5 kg/m2 (dry weight) to increase existing soil carbon (C) to a level representative of prairie soil (’3% C, or two times the existing C content) based on total soil C (0–15 cm) content of 1.5% and bulk ...
temporospatial distributions of elk, mule deer, and cattle: resource
... forbs (mule deer—Bowyer 1984). We examined the temporospatial relationships among the 3 large herbivores to better understand how niche partitioning of habitats was affected by differing use of space and whether such differences were maintained over time. Finally, because cattle were added to our st ...
... forbs (mule deer—Bowyer 1984). We examined the temporospatial relationships among the 3 large herbivores to better understand how niche partitioning of habitats was affected by differing use of space and whether such differences were maintained over time. Finally, because cattle were added to our st ...
Sharks and rays
... Sharks and rays are captured in a number of different fisheries that operate within the World Heritage Area (commercial and recreational) but accurate identification of species taken may still be lacking along with broad confidence in the validity of catch and release data in both commercial and rec ...
... Sharks and rays are captured in a number of different fisheries that operate within the World Heritage Area (commercial and recreational) but accurate identification of species taken may still be lacking along with broad confidence in the validity of catch and release data in both commercial and rec ...
Debate 2 – Exotics Species and the Chesapeake Bay Group C
... human populations were increasing pollution loads on the Bay. The oyster diseases MSX and Dermo were discovered in the Bay in 1959; these parasites spread rapidly though the population killing many oysters in the process. This compounding of factors caused oyster populations to greatly decline. Thes ...
... human populations were increasing pollution loads on the Bay. The oyster diseases MSX and Dermo were discovered in the Bay in 1959; these parasites spread rapidly though the population killing many oysters in the process. This compounding of factors caused oyster populations to greatly decline. Thes ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... 24. Drosophila sechellia, which is native to the Seychelles Islands, feeds only from the Indian mulberry shrub. This species would therefore be called a. polyphagous. b. oligophagous. c. aposematic. d. amensalistic. e. xeric. Answer: b Textbook Reference: 56.2 How Do Antagonistic Interactions Evolve ...
... 24. Drosophila sechellia, which is native to the Seychelles Islands, feeds only from the Indian mulberry shrub. This species would therefore be called a. polyphagous. b. oligophagous. c. aposematic. d. amensalistic. e. xeric. Answer: b Textbook Reference: 56.2 How Do Antagonistic Interactions Evolve ...
View or download OIP Achatinella species Management
... has resulted in extensive trampling of habitat. In order to avoid negative impacts like this, OANRP propose to monitor these fragile sites only every three years. At sites where the habitat is not very susceptible to trampling (ex: sites along trails), OANRP have proposed annual monitoring. Tramplin ...
... has resulted in extensive trampling of habitat. In order to avoid negative impacts like this, OANRP propose to monitor these fragile sites only every three years. At sites where the habitat is not very susceptible to trampling (ex: sites along trails), OANRP have proposed annual monitoring. Tramplin ...
Forvaltningstiltak for sjøfuglbestander i Norge
... • Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis • Common Eider Somateria mollissima • Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca Norsk Ornitologisk Forening – Foreningen for fuglevern ...
... • Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis • Common Eider Somateria mollissima • Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca Norsk Ornitologisk Forening – Foreningen for fuglevern ...
Effects of disturbance and habitat loss on papyrus
... when it became highly vocal. To test detection efficiency 23 swamps dispersed throughout the study region, were surveyed more extensively for three-four days of continuous observation, at intermittent intervals between the beginning of June and the end of August 2003. In only one of the 23 sites, on ...
... when it became highly vocal. To test detection efficiency 23 swamps dispersed throughout the study region, were surveyed more extensively for three-four days of continuous observation, at intermittent intervals between the beginning of June and the end of August 2003. In only one of the 23 sites, on ...
Predicting the Long-Term Effects of Hunting on Plant Species
... in turn. The most fundamental effect of dispersal is reduction in kin competition, yet this role is often overlooked by tropical ecologists (Howe & Smallwood 1982). Even if per-seed survival or recruitment success is no different under parents than elsewhere, a species or genotype that disperses wil ...
... in turn. The most fundamental effect of dispersal is reduction in kin competition, yet this role is often overlooked by tropical ecologists (Howe & Smallwood 1982). Even if per-seed survival or recruitment success is no different under parents than elsewhere, a species or genotype that disperses wil ...
Lack of relationship between below
... other transplanted seedling. The original design of this experiment involved each of these individuals receiving one of six treatments (manipulating below-ground competition, shoot competition, and potential hyphal growth). However, the drought resulted in the shoot competition and fungal growth tre ...
... other transplanted seedling. The original design of this experiment involved each of these individuals receiving one of six treatments (manipulating below-ground competition, shoot competition, and potential hyphal growth). However, the drought resulted in the shoot competition and fungal growth tre ...
Risk analysis of the fox squirrel Sciurus niger
... identifying the organism and its introduction pathways that should be considered for risk analysis in relation to Belgium, (2) the risk assessment stage which includes the categorization of emerging nonnative species to determine whether the criteria for a quarantine organism are satisfied and an ev ...
... identifying the organism and its introduction pathways that should be considered for risk analysis in relation to Belgium, (2) the risk assessment stage which includes the categorization of emerging nonnative species to determine whether the criteria for a quarantine organism are satisfied and an ev ...
The role of pollinators in floral diversification in a clade of generalist
... pollinated by a diverse assemblage of insects, Erysimum species differ in the relative frequency of interactions with different pollinator functional groups (Gómez et al. 2008, 2015). These species can be sorted according to their similarity in pollinator faunas into several pollination niches (Gó ...
... pollinated by a diverse assemblage of insects, Erysimum species differ in the relative frequency of interactions with different pollinator functional groups (Gómez et al. 2008, 2015). These species can be sorted according to their similarity in pollinator faunas into several pollination niches (Gó ...
Ecological processes responsible for species co
... (Wise 1995, Quinn and Graves 1999). Therefore, even within this one Plethodon species, P. cinereus, geographic variation exists in the amount of aggression and territoriality. Interspecific competition seems to be widespread throughout the genus. Much of the interest in interactions between species ...
... (Wise 1995, Quinn and Graves 1999). Therefore, even within this one Plethodon species, P. cinereus, geographic variation exists in the amount of aggression and territoriality. Interspecific competition seems to be widespread throughout the genus. Much of the interest in interactions between species ...
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
... Basic discrimination between clonal and aclonal colonies is straightforward based on simple morphological differences (Cook 1965), which are normally so striking that colonies can be distinguished with the naked eye despite their small size (Text-fig. 1). Discriminating the variety of different mode ...
... Basic discrimination between clonal and aclonal colonies is straightforward based on simple morphological differences (Cook 1965), which are normally so striking that colonies can be distinguished with the naked eye despite their small size (Text-fig. 1). Discriminating the variety of different mode ...
BIOLOGICAL SYNOPSIS OF Garra rufa
... 2004). A limited form of external sexual dimorphism may appear in adults at the onset of maturity with the appearance of more pronounced nuptial tubercles in males and the bases of the pectoral, pelvic and anal fins may differ from those of females in breeding males (Coad 2010). Age of sexual maturi ...
... 2004). A limited form of external sexual dimorphism may appear in adults at the onset of maturity with the appearance of more pronounced nuptial tubercles in males and the bases of the pectoral, pelvic and anal fins may differ from those of females in breeding males (Coad 2010). Age of sexual maturi ...
Applying Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function Theory to Turfgrass
... Decades of scientific debate have attempted to conceptualize, experientially determine, and model the role biodiversity plays in determining ecosystem functioning. The dramatic surge in BEF research resulted from an early international conference on biodiversity held in Bayreuth, Germany in 1991 (Sc ...
... Decades of scientific debate have attempted to conceptualize, experientially determine, and model the role biodiversity plays in determining ecosystem functioning. The dramatic surge in BEF research resulted from an early international conference on biodiversity held in Bayreuth, Germany in 1991 (Sc ...
The ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation
... Reduction in the total amount of habitat in the landscape inevitably leads to a strongly skewed size distribution of remaining habitat patches, with many small patches and few large patches (Ranta et al., 1998; Ewers & Didham, 2007a). The ecological effects of reduction in patch area are more widely ...
... Reduction in the total amount of habitat in the landscape inevitably leads to a strongly skewed size distribution of remaining habitat patches, with many small patches and few large patches (Ranta et al., 1998; Ewers & Didham, 2007a). The ecological effects of reduction in patch area are more widely ...
Biodiversity Conservation, Ecosystem Functioning, and Economic
... a scale from zero to one and then summed. We divided values for each variable in each site by the highest overall value and then subtracted this from one. All values were summed for a possible total of seven (because seven vegetative variables were included in the index), where seven was most and ze ...
... a scale from zero to one and then summed. We divided values for each variable in each site by the highest overall value and then subtracted this from one. All values were summed for a possible total of seven (because seven vegetative variables were included in the index), where seven was most and ze ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.