A generalized functional response for predators
... our model extends optimal foraging theory, which is largely based on the order of preference, but which does not normally take the temporal order of prey intake explicitly into account (van Leeuwen and Jansen, 2010). See Section 4.4 for further discussion. As we show in Appendix A, indifference of p ...
... our model extends optimal foraging theory, which is largely based on the order of preference, but which does not normally take the temporal order of prey intake explicitly into account (van Leeuwen and Jansen, 2010). See Section 4.4 for further discussion. As we show in Appendix A, indifference of p ...
Semi-arid swamps
... wetlands are dry, or are mostly shallow but with some persistent deeper water. Wetlands that are normally permanent, such as lagoons with mostly deep, permanent open water, generally fall into the lacustrine category, depending on their size (greater than 8 ha and/or deeper than 2 m in parts). Semi- ...
... wetlands are dry, or are mostly shallow but with some persistent deeper water. Wetlands that are normally permanent, such as lagoons with mostly deep, permanent open water, generally fall into the lacustrine category, depending on their size (greater than 8 ha and/or deeper than 2 m in parts). Semi- ...
Testing the island effect in adaptive radiation: rates
... Caribbean and mainland datasets, we used a randomization test. First, we randomly assigned all species in the dataset to either the Caribbean or the mainland, maintaining the empirical sample size for each. We then calculated the Mantel correlation (z) between phylogeny and morphology for mainland a ...
... Caribbean and mainland datasets, we used a randomization test. First, we randomly assigned all species in the dataset to either the Caribbean or the mainland, maintaining the empirical sample size for each. We then calculated the Mantel correlation (z) between phylogeny and morphology for mainland a ...
Testing the island effect in adaptive radiation: rates and patterns of
... anoles and mainland clades M1 and M2; see below) by calculating Wilks’ l for differences in the position of the multivariate mean of these groups in the space defined by the first six PC axes. We then simulated 1000 random datasets on the tree under a multivariate Brownian motion model, using the ev ...
... anoles and mainland clades M1 and M2; see below) by calculating Wilks’ l for differences in the position of the multivariate mean of these groups in the space defined by the first six PC axes. We then simulated 1000 random datasets on the tree under a multivariate Brownian motion model, using the ev ...
Western green lizard (Lacerta bilineata) - GB non
... could do it again at any time, and indeed could already have done so. The chances of other as-yet-undiscovered L. bilineata populations existing are probably quite high. It would probably take at least several years to discover any newly-established population, even with a well-developed herpetologi ...
... could do it again at any time, and indeed could already have done so. The chances of other as-yet-undiscovered L. bilineata populations existing are probably quite high. It would probably take at least several years to discover any newly-established population, even with a well-developed herpetologi ...
Humans and Jaguars in Five Brazilian Biomes
... Palmeira & Barrela 2007). In general, it is acceptable to assume that many humans around the globe show admiration for large cats (Saunders 1998). They have been used as symbols since ancient cultures to today’s modern society. In Pre-Columbian America, the jaguar was the most prominent symbol of po ...
... Palmeira & Barrela 2007). In general, it is acceptable to assume that many humans around the globe show admiration for large cats (Saunders 1998). They have been used as symbols since ancient cultures to today’s modern society. In Pre-Columbian America, the jaguar was the most prominent symbol of po ...
Consumer diversity interacts with prey defenses to drive ecosystem
... fishes (the parrotfishes [Labridae], surgeonfishes [Acanthuridae], rabbitfishes [Siganidae], and chubs [Kyphosidae]) within the 5-m band of each transect, scoring fish identity and size (within 5-cm size classes). Biomass of each fish was calculated using published length–mass relationships. Macroalgal co ...
... fishes (the parrotfishes [Labridae], surgeonfishes [Acanthuridae], rabbitfishes [Siganidae], and chubs [Kyphosidae]) within the 5-m band of each transect, scoring fish identity and size (within 5-cm size classes). Biomass of each fish was calculated using published length–mass relationships. Macroalgal co ...
The Mechanisms and Consequences of Interspecific Competition
... makes it feasible to move from studies of nutrient dynamics and competition in Arabidopsis to species with other life histories and traits also important for competition. These techniques would allow us to assess resource limitation and capture with a much greater temporal resolution and perhaps in ...
... makes it feasible to move from studies of nutrient dynamics and competition in Arabidopsis to species with other life histories and traits also important for competition. These techniques would allow us to assess resource limitation and capture with a much greater temporal resolution and perhaps in ...
Non-random patterns of host use by the different parasite species
... many parasites. This means that competitive interactions can exist and cause some of the observed patterns of host use by parasites of invertebrates. For instance, Kuris & Lafferty (1994) surveyed the literature and found that strong competition between sporocysts and rediae of different species of ...
... many parasites. This means that competitive interactions can exist and cause some of the observed patterns of host use by parasites of invertebrates. For instance, Kuris & Lafferty (1994) surveyed the literature and found that strong competition between sporocysts and rediae of different species of ...
11. Coevolution - NC State University
... takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.” In the context of host-parasite coevolution, the moving environment is the evolving parasite. Parasites are expected to evolve more rapidly than their host, because they have a greater relative evolutionary potential. In principle, we can ...
... takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.” In the context of host-parasite coevolution, the moving environment is the evolving parasite. Parasites are expected to evolve more rapidly than their host, because they have a greater relative evolutionary potential. In principle, we can ...
Seed predation by ants in south-eastern Spain (Desierto de
... Discussion Among the eight species of harvester ants occuring in the Tabernas Desert, six feed mainly or exclusively on seeds. The three Messor species are the most important as predators because the amount of seeds collected by them is by far larger than that brought in by the other species. Howeve ...
... Discussion Among the eight species of harvester ants occuring in the Tabernas Desert, six feed mainly or exclusively on seeds. The three Messor species are the most important as predators because the amount of seeds collected by them is by far larger than that brought in by the other species. Howeve ...
Are Exotic Herbivores Better Competitors? A Meta
... between native and exotic insects. Due to a lack of replication, we could not analyze (3) and (4) ...
... between native and exotic insects. Due to a lack of replication, we could not analyze (3) and (4) ...
Palaeoenvironment at Gravettian Sites in Central Europe with
... summer and winter temperatures. This, of course, had an impact on vegetation and fauna. There were significant differences in vegetation cover between valleys containing streams and dry undulating uplands in their neighbourhood. This also implies an important differentiation of vegetation within a r ...
... summer and winter temperatures. This, of course, had an impact on vegetation and fauna. There were significant differences in vegetation cover between valleys containing streams and dry undulating uplands in their neighbourhood. This also implies an important differentiation of vegetation within a r ...
Important Habitats in the Lower Casco Bay Watershed
... One of our objectives was to identify buffer or sensitivity zones in which development activities (human occupation, domestic animals, vehicular traffic) would likely affect the value of neighboring habitats. For each species, the extents of these sensitivity zones were based on disturbance distance ...
... One of our objectives was to identify buffer or sensitivity zones in which development activities (human occupation, domestic animals, vehicular traffic) would likely affect the value of neighboring habitats. For each species, the extents of these sensitivity zones were based on disturbance distance ...
The concept of potential natural vegetation: an epitaph?
... such as the introduction of exotic species or soil removal. In the Czech Republic, the concept of environmentally adapted natural vegetation was developed as a consequence of severe large-scale pollution impacts (Neuhäusl 1984). Following the idea that PNV cannot be identified without taking into ac ...
... such as the introduction of exotic species or soil removal. In the Czech Republic, the concept of environmentally adapted natural vegetation was developed as a consequence of severe large-scale pollution impacts (Neuhäusl 1984). Following the idea that PNV cannot be identified without taking into ac ...
Hydrilla - Alaska Center for Conservation Science
... have toothed margins, which are usually visible to the naked eye. The roots are slender and unbranched. They develop ovoid tubers at the tips. Tubers are tough, white to brown-black, and 19 mm long. Male and female flowers float on long, thread-like flower tubes. Sepals and petals are translucent an ...
... have toothed margins, which are usually visible to the naked eye. The roots are slender and unbranched. They develop ovoid tubers at the tips. Tubers are tough, white to brown-black, and 19 mm long. Male and female flowers float on long, thread-like flower tubes. Sepals and petals are translucent an ...
The Effect of Deer and Method of Removal of Invasive Lonicera
... of standing dead Amur honeysuckle, the presence or absence of deer, and their interaction ...
... of standing dead Amur honeysuckle, the presence or absence of deer, and their interaction ...
Journal of Animal - Centre d`études biologiques de Chizé
... rate of encounter with cryptic food items (Process 1); rate of encounter with apparent items (Process 2); and rate at which food can be chewed and swallowed (Process 3). Spalinger & Hobbs (1992) defined the boundary conditions between encounter-limited and handling-limited foraging in terms of the d ...
... rate of encounter with cryptic food items (Process 1); rate of encounter with apparent items (Process 2); and rate at which food can be chewed and swallowed (Process 3). Spalinger & Hobbs (1992) defined the boundary conditions between encounter-limited and handling-limited foraging in terms of the d ...
The macroecology of Southeast-Asian
... My aim of analysing species’ distribution, abundance and the relationship between them made it necessary to also pay attention to patterns of biodiversity and biogeography, which are direct results from these variables, as well as to some methodological issues. Furthermore, additional parameters suc ...
... My aim of analysing species’ distribution, abundance and the relationship between them made it necessary to also pay attention to patterns of biodiversity and biogeography, which are direct results from these variables, as well as to some methodological issues. Furthermore, additional parameters suc ...
Theoretical and empirical studies on population dynamics, species
... (Post et al. 2000), but not so obvious for food webs. The first to make a systematic analysis of the dynamical stability of ecological systems was May in the 1970’s. In a set of papers (May 1972, 1973, 1977) he applied the classical linear stability analysis to a random model of food webs using Lotk ...
... (Post et al. 2000), but not so obvious for food webs. The first to make a systematic analysis of the dynamical stability of ecological systems was May in the 1970’s. In a set of papers (May 1972, 1973, 1977) he applied the classical linear stability analysis to a random model of food webs using Lotk ...
Upland and Wetland Prairies in the Midwest and West Coast
... ABSTRACT Prairies are unique from other biomes, in that they are open habitats comprised mainly of herbaceous plants with only a scattering of trees. One of the important ecological attributes of prairies is their high plant species richness. Midwest and West Coast prairies exhibit major differences ...
... ABSTRACT Prairies are unique from other biomes, in that they are open habitats comprised mainly of herbaceous plants with only a scattering of trees. One of the important ecological attributes of prairies is their high plant species richness. Midwest and West Coast prairies exhibit major differences ...
Leaf trait variation and field spectroscopy of generalist tree species
... variation, and the contribution of intraspecific changes remains less well understood. Hyperspectroscopy is a recently developed technology for estimating the traits of fresh leaves. Few studies have evaluated its potential for assessing inter- and intra-specific trait variability in community ecolo ...
... variation, and the contribution of intraspecific changes remains less well understood. Hyperspectroscopy is a recently developed technology for estimating the traits of fresh leaves. Few studies have evaluated its potential for assessing inter- and intra-specific trait variability in community ecolo ...
compare - CURRENT ZOOLOGY
... sify it as a flower due to its appearance. The response of predators to orchid mantises has not yet been studied and the degree to which an animal must match a model object to achieve masquerade is poorly understood. Whilst early natural history accounts of the orchid mantis drew similarities betwee ...
... sify it as a flower due to its appearance. The response of predators to orchid mantises has not yet been studied and the degree to which an animal must match a model object to achieve masquerade is poorly understood. Whilst early natural history accounts of the orchid mantis drew similarities betwee ...
Hammock Homes for Hangouts
... scrub habitats are found in the ecotone , or transition zone, between these two systems. Flatwoods forests may be found southern, central, and northern Florida. Many of these areas are now used for pine plantations or livestock grazing. ...
... scrub habitats are found in the ecotone , or transition zone, between these two systems. Flatwoods forests may be found southern, central, and northern Florida. Many of these areas are now used for pine plantations or livestock grazing. ...
51 papers with abstracts
... the individual density was low, yielding only 1.2 baboons/ km(2). The groups were small, comprising on average 15 individuals, and the proportion of 1 male groups (50 - 63%) was remarkably high. One-male groups were more female biased than multi-male groups. The baboons were highly frugivorous, spen ...
... the individual density was low, yielding only 1.2 baboons/ km(2). The groups were small, comprising on average 15 individuals, and the proportion of 1 male groups (50 - 63%) was remarkably high. One-male groups were more female biased than multi-male groups. The baboons were highly frugivorous, spen ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.