Indirect effects of invasive species affecting the population structure
... Campbell, CA, USA). Crabs were fed open mussels regularly, but were starved for one week and then fed two days prior to the experiments to standardize their hunger levels. After each experiment crabs were kept in the laboratory for another ten days to make sure they were not in proecdysis. Thereafte ...
... Campbell, CA, USA). Crabs were fed open mussels regularly, but were starved for one week and then fed two days prior to the experiments to standardize their hunger levels. After each experiment crabs were kept in the laboratory for another ten days to make sure they were not in proecdysis. Thereafte ...
“The History And Future Of Island Conservation In A Snail Shell”
... 2007) as Homo sapiens began to move into isolated regions, placing new pressures on endemic, range restricted wildlife, including bird (Steadman; 1995, 1989) and reptile species (Foufopoulos and Ives, 1999). Islands remain at the crest of the extinction wave through colonial expansion and into the a ...
... 2007) as Homo sapiens began to move into isolated regions, placing new pressures on endemic, range restricted wildlife, including bird (Steadman; 1995, 1989) and reptile species (Foufopoulos and Ives, 1999). Islands remain at the crest of the extinction wave through colonial expansion and into the a ...
Literature review on the American bullfrog
... Human alterations to the landscape influence the habitat of many species. One far reaching human impact is the introduction of non-native species and this threat affects virtually all ecosystems (Vitousek et al., 1997) and is even suggested to be a leading cause of animal extinctions world-wide (Cla ...
... Human alterations to the landscape influence the habitat of many species. One far reaching human impact is the introduction of non-native species and this threat affects virtually all ecosystems (Vitousek et al., 1997) and is even suggested to be a leading cause of animal extinctions world-wide (Cla ...
Effects of human actions on four ecological systems, Margaret Candace Kosmala
... Figure 3-11: Number of aphids per plant after two weeks of being covered by mesh or left uncovered ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 3-12: Log number of aphids per plant after two weeks of ...
... Figure 3-11: Number of aphids per plant after two weeks of being covered by mesh or left uncovered ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 3-12: Log number of aphids per plant after two weeks of ...
Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology
... collapse and recovery differ (Figure Ib). For example, at S1 a shift in environmental conditions below E2 will always result in the system returning to the ‘green’ ecosystem state S1. However if environmental conditions are shifted above E2, the system collapses to S2 (the ‘white’ state). At environ ...
... collapse and recovery differ (Figure Ib). For example, at S1 a shift in environmental conditions below E2 will always result in the system returning to the ‘green’ ecosystem state S1. However if environmental conditions are shifted above E2, the system collapses to S2 (the ‘white’ state). At environ ...
ecological and reproductive character displacement
... Simply observing one of these patterns, however, is not sufficient to conclude that character displacement is its cause, and Schluter and McPhail (1992) and Waage (1979) describe alternatives that must be considered and ruled out. Put briefly, the character must be relevant to the process being cons ...
... Simply observing one of these patterns, however, is not sufficient to conclude that character displacement is its cause, and Schluter and McPhail (1992) and Waage (1979) describe alternatives that must be considered and ruled out. Put briefly, the character must be relevant to the process being cons ...
Biological structure of nearshore rocky subtidal habitats in southern
... described from different areas of the world, few general patterns of community structure hold over wide geographic scales. Consequently, it is unlikely that there are universally important structuring processes except in the broadest sense. In nearshore reef communities dominated by large brown alga ...
... described from different areas of the world, few general patterns of community structure hold over wide geographic scales. Consequently, it is unlikely that there are universally important structuring processes except in the broadest sense. In nearshore reef communities dominated by large brown alga ...
Adaptive management of temperate reefs to minimise effects
... We would like to thank a range of organisations and people for their contributions to this research. Firstly we thank FRDC and the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (DCCEE) for the grant that under-pinned this research as well as other funding agencies that supported a range of coll ...
... We would like to thank a range of organisations and people for their contributions to this research. Firstly we thank FRDC and the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (DCCEE) for the grant that under-pinned this research as well as other funding agencies that supported a range of coll ...
Nomination form for ecological communities
... Generation length: is the average age of parents to the current newborn individuals in the population. Generation length reflects the turnover rate of breeding individuals in a population. It is greater than the age at first breeding and less than the age of the oldest breeding individual, except in ...
... Generation length: is the average age of parents to the current newborn individuals in the population. Generation length reflects the turnover rate of breeding individuals in a population. It is greater than the age at first breeding and less than the age of the oldest breeding individual, except in ...
Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat
... Large numbers of empirical studies continue to document changes in species richness with decreasing habitat area, with positive, negative and no relationships regularly reported. The debate surrounding such widely contrasting results is beginning to be resolved by findings that the expected positive ...
... Large numbers of empirical studies continue to document changes in species richness with decreasing habitat area, with positive, negative and no relationships regularly reported. The debate surrounding such widely contrasting results is beginning to be resolved by findings that the expected positive ...
The significance of inter- and intraspecific variation in bacterivorous
... study that measured bacterial ingestion rates by flagellate and ciliate taxa, irrespective of the method used (Table 1), may indicate the significance of individual variability in the feeding process. Investigations using the FLB technique commonly find a large fraction of non-feeders among HNF spec ...
... study that measured bacterial ingestion rates by flagellate and ciliate taxa, irrespective of the method used (Table 1), may indicate the significance of individual variability in the feeding process. Investigations using the FLB technique commonly find a large fraction of non-feeders among HNF spec ...
Willow-characterised shrub vegetation in tundra and its relation to
... years 2007–2008 I was offered a possibility to work at the Botanical museum of Helsinki. During this time Teuvo Ahti helped me with lichen identication and Henry Väre with willow specimens. When staying in Rovaniemi, I was offered accommodation and laboratory facilities by the Finnish Forest Resear ...
... years 2007–2008 I was offered a possibility to work at the Botanical museum of Helsinki. During this time Teuvo Ahti helped me with lichen identication and Henry Väre with willow specimens. When staying in Rovaniemi, I was offered accommodation and laboratory facilities by the Finnish Forest Resear ...
Factors affecting carcass use by a guild of scavengers in European
... had died from disease, starvation, or cold usually at concealed locations. Harvested animals included culled and hunted ungulates, which were subsequently abandoned or deliberately exposed. Most often they were whole-bodied, but usually not intact carcasses. The main hunting season in BPF is autumn ...
... had died from disease, starvation, or cold usually at concealed locations. Harvested animals included culled and hunted ungulates, which were subsequently abandoned or deliberately exposed. Most often they were whole-bodied, but usually not intact carcasses. The main hunting season in BPF is autumn ...
A stoichiometric exception to the competitive exclusion principle.
... about consumer-resource interactions (Armstrong & McGehee, 1980). Hence, a conclusion follows that the CEP holds irrespective of the type of resources (biotic or abiotic) one models. However, any biotic resource (i.e. prey item), as all life, consists of multiple abiotic resources that are essential ...
... about consumer-resource interactions (Armstrong & McGehee, 1980). Hence, a conclusion follows that the CEP holds irrespective of the type of resources (biotic or abiotic) one models. However, any biotic resource (i.e. prey item), as all life, consists of multiple abiotic resources that are essential ...
temperate lake ecosystems Synchronous dynamics of zooplankton
... communities [1,2] and of the processes structuring community composition [3–5]. Synchrony and its alternative pattern, compensation (or compensatory dynamics), are mutually exclusive phenomenological features of community dynamics that can arise from many underlying mechanisms [6,7]. Compensation ma ...
... communities [1,2] and of the processes structuring community composition [3–5]. Synchrony and its alternative pattern, compensation (or compensatory dynamics), are mutually exclusive phenomenological features of community dynamics that can arise from many underlying mechanisms [6,7]. Compensation ma ...
113 - UConn
... gamma diversity remain somewhat subjective, albeit informed by the expert opinion of the taxonomic specialists in each study. That is, the spatial limits of a bat community may be larger than those of a rodent community, both of which are considerably larger than those of a community of microarthrop ...
... gamma diversity remain somewhat subjective, albeit informed by the expert opinion of the taxonomic specialists in each study. That is, the spatial limits of a bat community may be larger than those of a rodent community, both of which are considerably larger than those of a community of microarthrop ...
Fishing down the marine food webs in the Hellenic seas
... ratios, and decreasing population reproductive potential: e.g. Jennings et al. 1998; Stergiou, 1999) and at the ecosystem level (e.g. altering the structure and heterogeneity of benthic habitat, changing species composition and diversity, decreasing stock abundance, changing predation and competitio ...
... ratios, and decreasing population reproductive potential: e.g. Jennings et al. 1998; Stergiou, 1999) and at the ecosystem level (e.g. altering the structure and heterogeneity of benthic habitat, changing species composition and diversity, decreasing stock abundance, changing predation and competitio ...
Larval Release Rhythms of Decapod Crustaceans
... In most other cases, larval release occurs in the first few hours of the night phase (Table 3). This timing is not related to adult habitat, since it is common among species living in sublittoral, littoral and supralittoral areas (Table 2). Tidal rhythms in larval release occur among supralittoral, ...
... In most other cases, larval release occurs in the first few hours of the night phase (Table 3). This timing is not related to adult habitat, since it is common among species living in sublittoral, littoral and supralittoral areas (Table 2). Tidal rhythms in larval release occur among supralittoral, ...
Quantifying predator dependence in the functional
... logistical and statistical constraints imposed by considering both prey and predator abundances has limited studies to species-poor systems of single predator species interacting with only one primary prey species. Even inherently generalist predators have thereby been reduced to e↵ective specialist ...
... logistical and statistical constraints imposed by considering both prey and predator abundances has limited studies to species-poor systems of single predator species interacting with only one primary prey species. Even inherently generalist predators have thereby been reduced to e↵ective specialist ...
Verween et al. 2006
... (Verween et al. in press) may occur in large numbers (Cain 1975). The species may have been misidentified in the past. Harbours are often difficult to sample biologically and infected industries mainly focus on destroying the species without fully identifying the species. There is no doubt about the ...
... (Verween et al. in press) may occur in large numbers (Cain 1975). The species may have been misidentified in the past. Harbours are often difficult to sample biologically and infected industries mainly focus on destroying the species without fully identifying the species. There is no doubt about the ...
Harvestmen and Pseudoscorpions - Digital Commons @ Michigan
... harvestmen can move fairly rapidly, so those living in peatlands on the surface are unlikely ever to be sampled by removing cores. Differences in day/night habitat may also hinder sampling efforts, particularly for those that might migrate between shrubs/trees and the moss layer. Some harvestmen han ...
... harvestmen can move fairly rapidly, so those living in peatlands on the surface are unlikely ever to be sampled by removing cores. Differences in day/night habitat may also hinder sampling efforts, particularly for those that might migrate between shrubs/trees and the moss layer. Some harvestmen han ...
Axis porcinus, Hog Deer
... native range, has not been used to influence the assessment (but seems to be declining anyway). Hog Deer has not been listed as threatened prior to 2008. This was probably due in large part to a few large, high-density, South Asian subpopulations that give the appearance of ‘abundance’, but these ar ...
... native range, has not been used to influence the assessment (but seems to be declining anyway). Hog Deer has not been listed as threatened prior to 2008. This was probably due in large part to a few large, high-density, South Asian subpopulations that give the appearance of ‘abundance’, but these ar ...
Biodiversity and the functioning of seagrass ecosystems
... caused major changes in abundance, species composition, and structure of marine communities, including regional and even global extinctions (Carlton et al. 1999, Jackson et al. 2001). Of the several types of human insults that the natural world faces, however, species extinction is arguably unique i ...
... caused major changes in abundance, species composition, and structure of marine communities, including regional and even global extinctions (Carlton et al. 1999, Jackson et al. 2001). Of the several types of human insults that the natural world faces, however, species extinction is arguably unique i ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.