Connections between species diversity and genetic diversity
... potential processes acting in parallel at the two levels that may create such relationships in the absence of direct causal effects of one level of diversity on the other. Genetic diversity is controlled by four processes, mutation, drift, migration and selection, each of which has an analogue at th ...
... potential processes acting in parallel at the two levels that may create such relationships in the absence of direct causal effects of one level of diversity on the other. Genetic diversity is controlled by four processes, mutation, drift, migration and selection, each of which has an analogue at th ...
Predation, resource availability, and community structure in
... Water-filled tree holes are common in lowland moist forests of Panama. Although c. 60 different species of macroorganisms are associated with this habitat, most individual holes contain fewer than ten species on any given wet season day (Yanoviak, in press). Detritivores and omnivores comprise the m ...
... Water-filled tree holes are common in lowland moist forests of Panama. Although c. 60 different species of macroorganisms are associated with this habitat, most individual holes contain fewer than ten species on any given wet season day (Yanoviak, in press). Detritivores and omnivores comprise the m ...
Development and distribution of predators and parasitoids during
... most probably saprophagous (Prescher, pers. comm.) and were thus discarded from this analysis. The Mymaridae were also excluded because of their uncertain feeding ecology, although some species may be carnivorous (egg parasitoids) as well (J. Huber, pers. comm.). ...
... most probably saprophagous (Prescher, pers. comm.) and were thus discarded from this analysis. The Mymaridae were also excluded because of their uncertain feeding ecology, although some species may be carnivorous (egg parasitoids) as well (J. Huber, pers. comm.). ...
Effects of body size and resource availability on
... experiment I determined that while both species’ per capita effect on resource levels is virtually identical, Batillaria achieves a marked advantage over Cerithidea through its superior resource conversion efficiency (Byers, in press). For a given level of resource Batillaria adds on average 20–30% ...
... experiment I determined that while both species’ per capita effect on resource levels is virtually identical, Batillaria achieves a marked advantage over Cerithidea through its superior resource conversion efficiency (Byers, in press). For a given level of resource Batillaria adds on average 20–30% ...
LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS OF BIODIVERSITY: Pattern, Process
... Figure 1) are relevant to the latitudinal gradient in diversity, including scaleinvariant, rank-invariant, and scale-dependent patterns. If the forms (e.g., power versus semilogarithmic function) of the species area curves differ at different latitudes, then scale dependence in the latitudinal gradi ...
... Figure 1) are relevant to the latitudinal gradient in diversity, including scaleinvariant, rank-invariant, and scale-dependent patterns. If the forms (e.g., power versus semilogarithmic function) of the species area curves differ at different latitudes, then scale dependence in the latitudinal gradi ...
reports - UNM Biology Department
... measured the height of all woody saplings .1 year old. Species included box elder (69% of individuals), silver maple (12%), red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea, 7%), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, 5%), red maple (Acer rubrum, 4%), and black cherry (Prunus serotina, 1%), with several additional spe ...
... measured the height of all woody saplings .1 year old. Species included box elder (69% of individuals), silver maple (12%), red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea, 7%), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, 5%), red maple (Acer rubrum, 4%), and black cherry (Prunus serotina, 1%), with several additional spe ...
complaint - Earthjustice
... analyzing this incident concluded that acoustic trauma could not be ruled out as a cause of death. The report also concluded that harbor porpoises throughout the area were exposed to levels of sound much greater than those known to strongly disrupt their behavior, and that the number of porpoise str ...
... analyzing this incident concluded that acoustic trauma could not be ruled out as a cause of death. The report also concluded that harbor porpoises throughout the area were exposed to levels of sound much greater than those known to strongly disrupt their behavior, and that the number of porpoise str ...
pollination syndromes and floral specialization
... constricted floral tube, limits the types of visitor behavior. With such complex flowers, a large Bombus is not functionally equivalent to a small Osmia, although several species of anthophorine bees can probably be grouped with Bombus. As flowers become more complex, functional groups become narrow ...
... constricted floral tube, limits the types of visitor behavior. With such complex flowers, a large Bombus is not functionally equivalent to a small Osmia, although several species of anthophorine bees can probably be grouped with Bombus. As flowers become more complex, functional groups become narrow ...
Interindividual Variation in Prey Selection by the Snail Nucella
... the radula. Observations made at both low and high tides indicate that the snails are most active when submerged; they remain relatively inactive after exposure to air at low tide. If an animal is feeding at the time of a receding tide, it continues to grip its prey while exposed to air. The predato ...
... the radula. Observations made at both low and high tides indicate that the snails are most active when submerged; they remain relatively inactive after exposure to air at low tide. If an animal is feeding at the time of a receding tide, it continues to grip its prey while exposed to air. The predato ...
Perth Biodiversity Project #1
... extinction that will see human and urban commensal species benefiting while many species are lost (Recher, 2002). Urban remnants in the Perth region do, however, continue to support populations of birds known to be declining (pers. obs.). Although the long-term viability of these species in smaller, ...
... extinction that will see human and urban commensal species benefiting while many species are lost (Recher, 2002). Urban remnants in the Perth region do, however, continue to support populations of birds known to be declining (pers. obs.). Although the long-term viability of these species in smaller, ...
4.3 Succession
... We think of these events as disasters, but many species are adapted to them. Although forest fires kill some trees, for example, other trees are spared, and fire can stimulate their seeds to germinate. Secondary succession can also follow human activities like logging and farming. ...
... We think of these events as disasters, but many species are adapted to them. Although forest fires kill some trees, for example, other trees are spared, and fire can stimulate their seeds to germinate. Secondary succession can also follow human activities like logging and farming. ...
INVASIVE BARNACLE FouLINg oN AN ENDEMIC BuRRowINg CRAB
... Figure 2a). This difference is likely to be a consequence of the different relative availability of surface among sites rather than an active selection of them. Moreover, since the invasion of barnacles in the marshes is a recent phenomenon (Schwindt et al., 2009), colonization of crabs could increa ...
... Figure 2a). This difference is likely to be a consequence of the different relative availability of surface among sites rather than an active selection of them. Moreover, since the invasion of barnacles in the marshes is a recent phenomenon (Schwindt et al., 2009), colonization of crabs could increa ...
1. UNDERSTANDING PONDS - Freshwater Habitats Trust
... because they are usually more isolated, now provide one of the last strongholds for our vulnerable native crayfish species in some parts of Britain. ...
... because they are usually more isolated, now provide one of the last strongholds for our vulnerable native crayfish species in some parts of Britain. ...
High Reproductive Rates Result in High Predation Risks: A
... Spatially finite dispersal and interactions alter and are influenced by the distribution patterns of interacting organisms. Such feedback between spatial distribution patterns and the intensity of biological interactions can potentially determine the structure of biological communities. For example, ...
... Spatially finite dispersal and interactions alter and are influenced by the distribution patterns of interacting organisms. Such feedback between spatial distribution patterns and the intensity of biological interactions can potentially determine the structure of biological communities. For example, ...
Limiting resources and the regulation of diversity in phytoplankton
... All samples were collected during the summers of 1996 and 1997. Samples were taken at the lake outlets in May, before ice out, and at one main pelagic sampling station in each lake throughout the summer. Collections were made on a weekly basis from both Yellowstone and Jackson Lakes. Samples were co ...
... All samples were collected during the summers of 1996 and 1997. Samples were taken at the lake outlets in May, before ice out, and at one main pelagic sampling station in each lake throughout the summer. Collections were made on a weekly basis from both Yellowstone and Jackson Lakes. Samples were co ...
microbial diversity and global environmental issues
... compound) are assigned larger weights than the presence of organisms whose ecological functions are either unknown or not immediately relevant for the purpose of the biodiversity assessment. Weighting is facilitated by the construction of phylogenetic trees describing the relationships between micro ...
... compound) are assigned larger weights than the presence of organisms whose ecological functions are either unknown or not immediately relevant for the purpose of the biodiversity assessment. Weighting is facilitated by the construction of phylogenetic trees describing the relationships between micro ...
Ecological roles and conservation challenges of social, burrowing
... with up to 100 burrow entrances (Figure 4; Steele and Temple-Smith 1998; Noble et al. 2007b; Wesche et al. 2007; A Smith and L Branch pers comm). Some burrowing mammals, such as prairie dogs, create numerous small mounds, while others, such as vizcachas and bettongs, construct one large mound that h ...
... with up to 100 burrow entrances (Figure 4; Steele and Temple-Smith 1998; Noble et al. 2007b; Wesche et al. 2007; A Smith and L Branch pers comm). Some burrowing mammals, such as prairie dogs, create numerous small mounds, while others, such as vizcachas and bettongs, construct one large mound that h ...
Sponge Community Structure and Anti
... Sponges are widely distributed in tropical and temperate marine systems and are one of the major taxa, in terms of both biomass and species diversity, found in hardbottom communities (Sara and Vacelet 1973). Despite the abundance of sponges at all latitudes, the bulk of our understanding of how pre ...
... Sponges are widely distributed in tropical and temperate marine systems and are one of the major taxa, in terms of both biomass and species diversity, found in hardbottom communities (Sara and Vacelet 1973). Despite the abundance of sponges at all latitudes, the bulk of our understanding of how pre ...
The Caiman Trade - AP Environmental Science
... no fear of people, however, and are easy to kill. They require a very specific habitat: open rivers or oxbow lakes bordered with thick vegetation. They begin to procreate at the rather advanced age of 12 years. As a result, once they are extirpated, populations do not recover. ...
... no fear of people, however, and are easy to kill. They require a very specific habitat: open rivers or oxbow lakes bordered with thick vegetation. They begin to procreate at the rather advanced age of 12 years. As a result, once they are extirpated, populations do not recover. ...
Report - Creative Research
... o they all have one or more child aged 16 or under living in the family home o recruit a mix of young families (all children aged under 12) and older families (at least one child aged 12-16). G7&8 Empty Nesters o they have either never had any children or all their children are over 16 years old o t ...
... o they all have one or more child aged 16 or under living in the family home o recruit a mix of young families (all children aged under 12) and older families (at least one child aged 12-16). G7&8 Empty Nesters o they have either never had any children or all their children are over 16 years old o t ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem services: does species diversity
... Nature Network (NNN) and the network of small natural elements (green infrastructure, GI) in the landscape was assessed. Results indicate that species diversity is important for ecosystem service effectiveness. However, reliability is not well studied. NNN and GI are important for ecosystem service ...
... Nature Network (NNN) and the network of small natural elements (green infrastructure, GI) in the landscape was assessed. Results indicate that species diversity is important for ecosystem service effectiveness. However, reliability is not well studied. NNN and GI are important for ecosystem service ...
Chapter 1
... shaped like a sweet potato. It is 34 times the area of Yushan National Park, Taiwan’s largest national park. Most of Taiwan is densely packed with mountains as high as the Rocky Mountains in the United States of America (USA). These tightly packed mountains run from north to south, forming the islan ...
... shaped like a sweet potato. It is 34 times the area of Yushan National Park, Taiwan’s largest national park. Most of Taiwan is densely packed with mountains as high as the Rocky Mountains in the United States of America (USA). These tightly packed mountains run from north to south, forming the islan ...
lions on small reserves - Carnivore Conservation
... have led many authors to conclude that the factors affecting success are not understood well enough to justify relocation as a method for conserving and monitoring large carnivores (Panwar & Rogers, 1986; Wemmer & Sunquist, 1988; Mills, 1991). These failures can be attributed to a number of factors ...
... have led many authors to conclude that the factors affecting success are not understood well enough to justify relocation as a method for conserving and monitoring large carnivores (Panwar & Rogers, 1986; Wemmer & Sunquist, 1988; Mills, 1991). These failures can be attributed to a number of factors ...
Cold seep benthic communities in Japan subduction zones: spatial
... Laubier 1987), likely detritivores, also surrounded the clam colony. In comparison to that of P, elongata, polychaete distribution was more restricted and in closer proximity to the clams (Fig. 5). Crustaceans identified as caprellid amphipods (not sampled) (Ohta & Laubier 1987), up to 5 cm long, we ...
... Laubier 1987), likely detritivores, also surrounded the clam colony. In comparison to that of P, elongata, polychaete distribution was more restricted and in closer proximity to the clams (Fig. 5). Crustaceans identified as caprellid amphipods (not sampled) (Ohta & Laubier 1987), up to 5 cm long, we ...
The iconic keystone predator has a pathogen
... 1960s showed that when Pisaster was intentionally excluded from a rocky intertidal slope, the mussel population advanced toward the lower reaches of the intertidal zone and competitively eliminated a rich diversity of other species (Paine 1966, 1974). Two of the mussel’s attributes – the strength of ...
... 1960s showed that when Pisaster was intentionally excluded from a rocky intertidal slope, the mussel population advanced toward the lower reaches of the intertidal zone and competitively eliminated a rich diversity of other species (Paine 1966, 1974). Two of the mussel’s attributes – the strength of ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.