Forest for the Trees - Grand Valley State University
... centimeters. Remind students that the forest trees have much larger diameters than the circles in the diagrams. Their converted diameters (cm), however, represent the actual tree sizes. Have them calculate the total basal area (cm2) for the species in each forest. These values should be recorded in ...
... centimeters. Remind students that the forest trees have much larger diameters than the circles in the diagrams. Their converted diameters (cm), however, represent the actual tree sizes. Have them calculate the total basal area (cm2) for the species in each forest. These values should be recorded in ...
RIVER CONSERVATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
... First, most aquatic habitats have been highly modified by human actions, reducing native species and creating conditions suitable for tolerant nonnative fishes (Rahel 2003). Second, introductions of fishes and other freshwater organisms have been common and frequent, both intentionally for food or s ...
... First, most aquatic habitats have been highly modified by human actions, reducing native species and creating conditions suitable for tolerant nonnative fishes (Rahel 2003). Second, introductions of fishes and other freshwater organisms have been common and frequent, both intentionally for food or s ...
Terrestrial Fauna
... • the potential impacts and the activities that will cause them, including direct and indirect impacts • the implications of cumulative impacts • whether surveys and analyses have been undertaken to a standard consistent with EPA technical guidance • the scale at which impacts to terrestrial fau ...
... • the potential impacts and the activities that will cause them, including direct and indirect impacts • the implications of cumulative impacts • whether surveys and analyses have been undertaken to a standard consistent with EPA technical guidance • the scale at which impacts to terrestrial fau ...
Species, concepts of. In Levin, S.A.
... more complete, it became obvious that apparently distinct species found in different areas frequently intergraded where they overlapped. These replacement species were usually combined as subspecies within a ‘‘polytypic’’ species, an idea suggested for ‘‘geographical varieties’’ by early systematist ...
... more complete, it became obvious that apparently distinct species found in different areas frequently intergraded where they overlapped. These replacement species were usually combined as subspecies within a ‘‘polytypic’’ species, an idea suggested for ‘‘geographical varieties’’ by early systematist ...
Response of macroarthropod assemblages to the loss
... Abstract. In eastern North American forests, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is a foundation species. As hemlock is lost from forests due to the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) and preemptive salvage logging, the structure of assemblages of species associated with hemlock is expe ...
... Abstract. In eastern North American forests, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is a foundation species. As hemlock is lost from forests due to the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) and preemptive salvage logging, the structure of assemblages of species associated with hemlock is expe ...
Myristica beddomei - Tropical Conservation Science
... such cases congeneric or sympatric species observations are often used as surrogates for the natural history of the focal species [4]. Though this approach can be helpful, at times it may not be reliable because the species may differ in ways that are not obvious, yet can have a strong ecological or ...
... such cases congeneric or sympatric species observations are often used as surrogates for the natural history of the focal species [4]. Though this approach can be helpful, at times it may not be reliable because the species may differ in ways that are not obvious, yet can have a strong ecological or ...
2013-2023 Strategic Plan
... North America is fortunate to have some of the most abundant and diverse wildlife and natural resources on Earth. From the wetlands of Florida to the frozen tundras of Alaska, from the arid deserts of Mexico and the Southwest to the lush forests of the Pacific Northwest, our continent is home to a r ...
... North America is fortunate to have some of the most abundant and diverse wildlife and natural resources on Earth. From the wetlands of Florida to the frozen tundras of Alaska, from the arid deserts of Mexico and the Southwest to the lush forests of the Pacific Northwest, our continent is home to a r ...
Invariant size–frequency distributions along a latitudinal gradient in
... mode for multispecies SFDs in major taxonomic groups. According to this model, large species are more effective than small ones at acquiring resources but the small species are more efficient in converting those resources into offspring (7, 10). Reproductive power, as the tradeoff between acquisitio ...
... mode for multispecies SFDs in major taxonomic groups. According to this model, large species are more effective than small ones at acquiring resources but the small species are more efficient in converting those resources into offspring (7, 10). Reproductive power, as the tradeoff between acquisitio ...
Biological soil crust and vascular ... sand savanna of northwestern Ohio1
... comm.). Subsequent aerial photos and park records indicate the Barren, then, was allowed to revert to natural vegetation. Old records and debris suggest that a house once was located in the southern portion of Badger Barren, and there appear to be two small buildings present in the 1940 and 1957 aer ...
... comm.). Subsequent aerial photos and park records indicate the Barren, then, was allowed to revert to natural vegetation. Old records and debris suggest that a house once was located in the southern portion of Badger Barren, and there appear to be two small buildings present in the 1940 and 1957 aer ...
IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM)
... of particular species. Decades of modeling, observation studies and experimental approaches have led ecologists to conclude that species sharing the same habitat often play important but highly diverse roles in affecting each other according to Chesson [1]. Keddy [2], mentioned that interactions amo ...
... of particular species. Decades of modeling, observation studies and experimental approaches have led ecologists to conclude that species sharing the same habitat often play important but highly diverse roles in affecting each other according to Chesson [1]. Keddy [2], mentioned that interactions amo ...
SUCCESSION, PHENOMENON OF
... there is a substantial difference in the spatial scale considered by the two schools. Clements’ climax community was considered by him to be a phenomenon that occurred over large areas. This is evident by the fact that Clementsian succession proceeded toward a regionalscale climax. Also, the union o ...
... there is a substantial difference in the spatial scale considered by the two schools. Clements’ climax community was considered by him to be a phenomenon that occurred over large areas. This is evident by the fact that Clementsian succession proceeded toward a regionalscale climax. Also, the union o ...
state of Britain's mammals a focus on invasive species
... have devoted ever more of our efforts and funds to work here in the UK, in particular on our beleaguered mammal species. We no longer have the megafauna that draws people to Africa and Asia, and as an island the diversity of our animals is substantially less than on the continent. This is why it’s e ...
... have devoted ever more of our efforts and funds to work here in the UK, in particular on our beleaguered mammal species. We no longer have the megafauna that draws people to Africa and Asia, and as an island the diversity of our animals is substantially less than on the continent. This is why it’s e ...
Host ontogeny and the temporal decay of similarity in parasite
... 0.01; E. anchoita: Rs = 0.67, P < 0.01; M. furnieri: Rs = 0.58, P < 0.01); the same pattern was observed for total abundance of all parasite species combined (C. guatucupa: Rs = 0.88, P < 0.01; E. anchoita: Rs = 0.60, P < 0.01; M. furnieri: Rs = 0.65, P < 0.01). Thus, host size, i.e. age, does appea ...
... 0.01; E. anchoita: Rs = 0.67, P < 0.01; M. furnieri: Rs = 0.58, P < 0.01); the same pattern was observed for total abundance of all parasite species combined (C. guatucupa: Rs = 0.88, P < 0.01; E. anchoita: Rs = 0.60, P < 0.01; M. furnieri: Rs = 0.65, P < 0.01). Thus, host size, i.e. age, does appea ...
Distribution and Reproductive Characteristics of Nonindigenous and
... marine ecosystems. Maps were generated to examine the spread of these organisms from initial sites of introduction and to assimilate information regarding habitat characteristics that appear to make some sites more susceptible to invasion than others. Blooms of native invasive algae were also docume ...
... marine ecosystems. Maps were generated to examine the spread of these organisms from initial sites of introduction and to assimilate information regarding habitat characteristics that appear to make some sites more susceptible to invasion than others. Blooms of native invasive algae were also docume ...
the macroevolutionary consequences of ecological differences
... adaptive speciation of damselflies living with different predators, I calculated that 100–500 years would be required for natural selection to transform key morphological traits of one species that lives with fish predators into those of another that faces dragonfly predators: these calculations are ...
... adaptive speciation of damselflies living with different predators, I calculated that 100–500 years would be required for natural selection to transform key morphological traits of one species that lives with fish predators into those of another that faces dragonfly predators: these calculations are ...
IUCN Species Survival Commission
... Comparable situations arise where populations are augmented for purposes of recreational or commercial offtake. Again, the hierarchy of motivation should be considered, and often conservation benefit at the level of the population or ecosystem will either be non-existent or be secondary to other int ...
... Comparable situations arise where populations are augmented for purposes of recreational or commercial offtake. Again, the hierarchy of motivation should be considered, and often conservation benefit at the level of the population or ecosystem will either be non-existent or be secondary to other int ...
Ecosystems and Ecosystem Management.
... produced the same number of acorns each year, the populations of animals that feed on them would grow so large that very few acorns would survive. ...
... produced the same number of acorns each year, the populations of animals that feed on them would grow so large that very few acorns would survive. ...
HELCOM Red List Melanitta fusca
... 000 pairs (BirdLife International 2004). An almost similar figure for Finland of 12 000–15 000 pairs in the mid-1990s is given by Koskimies (1997). For 2009, the population was estimated at 10 000 bp. The St Petersburg region of Russia hosts a small population of c. 10 bp, perhaps slightly more, wit ...
... 000 pairs (BirdLife International 2004). An almost similar figure for Finland of 12 000–15 000 pairs in the mid-1990s is given by Koskimies (1997). For 2009, the population was estimated at 10 000 bp. The St Petersburg region of Russia hosts a small population of c. 10 bp, perhaps slightly more, wit ...
bYTEBoss Conservation Ecology PPT
... Case Study: Decline of the Red-Cockaded Woodpecker • Red-cockaded woodpeckers require living trees in mature pine forests • They have a complex social structure where one breeding pair has up to four “helper” individuals • This species had been forced into decline by habitat destruction ...
... Case Study: Decline of the Red-Cockaded Woodpecker • Red-cockaded woodpeckers require living trees in mature pine forests • They have a complex social structure where one breeding pair has up to four “helper” individuals • This species had been forced into decline by habitat destruction ...
The difference between the Greater and Lesser Antilles can be
... St. Kitts and Antigua Banks (Fig. 7.9b). In either scenario, the coexistence of intermediate-sized A. gingivinus and small A. pogus is not predicted by the character displacement hypothesis. In summary, one case, St. Vincent, unequivocally supports character displacement, and the other two cases are ...
... St. Kitts and Antigua Banks (Fig. 7.9b). In either scenario, the coexistence of intermediate-sized A. gingivinus and small A. pogus is not predicted by the character displacement hypothesis. In summary, one case, St. Vincent, unequivocally supports character displacement, and the other two cases are ...
Biotic or Living components - Info by Kiruba (SKN)
... • Nudation: developing a bare area without any life form • Invasion: establishment of one more species on a bare area through migration followed by establishment • For example migration of seeds brought about by wind water etc., these seeds then germinate and establishes their pioneer communities • ...
... • Nudation: developing a bare area without any life form • Invasion: establishment of one more species on a bare area through migration followed by establishment • For example migration of seeds brought about by wind water etc., these seeds then germinate and establishes their pioneer communities • ...
Using Phylogenetic, Functional and Trait Diversity to
... (aLRT) scores, which have been shown to correlate with ML bootstrap scores, but require much less computational time [37]. The maximum likelihood tree is available in Appendix S1. A single species that lacked any genetic data, Rudbeckia hirta, was added as a polytomy with Liatris aspera and Coreopsi ...
... (aLRT) scores, which have been shown to correlate with ML bootstrap scores, but require much less computational time [37]. The maximum likelihood tree is available in Appendix S1. A single species that lacked any genetic data, Rudbeckia hirta, was added as a polytomy with Liatris aspera and Coreopsi ...
Review of science-based assessments of species vulnerability
... Exposure to climate change is evaluated primarily by assessing the magnitude of predicted temperature and precipitation changes across the geographical area being considered. Information about predicted climate can be derived from many sources; however, NatureServe provides access to the Climate Wiz ...
... Exposure to climate change is evaluated primarily by assessing the magnitude of predicted temperature and precipitation changes across the geographical area being considered. Information about predicted climate can be derived from many sources; however, NatureServe provides access to the Climate Wiz ...
When everything is not everywhere but species evolve - CERES
... among marine ecologists. Empirical studies have revealed a strong allometric component to the variability of phytoplankton eco-physiological traits such as nutrient affinity, maximum growth rate and maximum uptake capacity (Litchman et al., 2007). Defining model parameters as a function of a single ...
... among marine ecologists. Empirical studies have revealed a strong allometric component to the variability of phytoplankton eco-physiological traits such as nutrient affinity, maximum growth rate and maximum uptake capacity (Litchman et al., 2007). Defining model parameters as a function of a single ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.