Ecology and conservation of small carnivores in tropical rainforests
... fruits of trees and lianas, rarely those of herbs or shrubs. Fruits eaten by civets were mostly small (<1 cm diameter), multiseeded, pulpy berries, and drupes with moderate to high water content, along with several large (>2 cm) fruits like Palaquium ellipticum, Elaeocarpus serratus, Holigarna nigra ...
... fruits of trees and lianas, rarely those of herbs or shrubs. Fruits eaten by civets were mostly small (<1 cm diameter), multiseeded, pulpy berries, and drupes with moderate to high water content, along with several large (>2 cm) fruits like Palaquium ellipticum, Elaeocarpus serratus, Holigarna nigra ...
An Analysis of Abundance and Catch Probability of Sharks off Coastal Louisiana
... by ID spec; run; The nodupkey option tells SAS to delete all but one observation containing the same values for the variables listed in the by statement. It is important to realize that this procedure will keep the first instance of that observation. Therefore, if there is any ancillary information ...
... by ID spec; run; The nodupkey option tells SAS to delete all but one observation containing the same values for the variables listed in the by statement. It is important to realize that this procedure will keep the first instance of that observation. Therefore, if there is any ancillary information ...
species complex - University of Oklahoma
... homa is also found in some large reservoirs that contain predatory fish, including Lepomis, but are restricted to the benthos at the extreme edge of the reservoir in water depths less than approximately 1– 2 cm (G. A. Wellborn, pers. observ.), where they appear to be protected from predatory fish. T ...
... homa is also found in some large reservoirs that contain predatory fish, including Lepomis, but are restricted to the benthos at the extreme edge of the reservoir in water depths less than approximately 1– 2 cm (G. A. Wellborn, pers. observ.), where they appear to be protected from predatory fish. T ...
Unit 7 Review 1. Define the following terms: a. Organism b
... 9. Give an example of a habitat that would be the basis for: a) primary succession b) secondary succession Use the following information to answer questions 10-14: Hawaiian squid, Euprymna scolopes: Most nocturnal creatures cast shadows under the bright Hawaiian moonlight and are easy prey to predat ...
... 9. Give an example of a habitat that would be the basis for: a) primary succession b) secondary succession Use the following information to answer questions 10-14: Hawaiian squid, Euprymna scolopes: Most nocturnal creatures cast shadows under the bright Hawaiian moonlight and are easy prey to predat ...
Maritime Northwest - National Wildlife Federation
... contributing factor, and habitat loss and degradation from other causes, natural disease and predation, climate change, and widespread insecticide use are probably also contributing to monarch declines. Because of the monarch’s migratory life cycle, it is important to protect and restore habitat acr ...
... contributing factor, and habitat loss and degradation from other causes, natural disease and predation, climate change, and widespread insecticide use are probably also contributing to monarch declines. Because of the monarch’s migratory life cycle, it is important to protect and restore habitat acr ...
Effects of neighboring organisms on the growth of three intertidal
... Among colonial organisms living next to other species, growth is reported to be notably retarded (Okamura 1992). However, reports suggesting enhanced survival of colonies with increasing density of conspecifics in bryozoans are also available (Buss 1981, Keough 1986). Buss (1990)mentioned that the e ...
... Among colonial organisms living next to other species, growth is reported to be notably retarded (Okamura 1992). However, reports suggesting enhanced survival of colonies with increasing density of conspecifics in bryozoans are also available (Buss 1981, Keough 1986). Buss (1990)mentioned that the e ...
Rocky Intertidal
... Refer to the introductory content of the results section for an explanation of the format, layout and content of this summary report. ...
... Refer to the introductory content of the results section for an explanation of the format, layout and content of this summary report. ...
Nevada Wildlife Action Plan - Nevada Department of Wildlife
... With a few noteworthy exceptions, birds in Nevada tend to be distributed at low densities across the landscape. This distribution is probably a reflection of food resources, which likewise tend to be rather widely dispersed in the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts. The exception to this generality usua ...
... With a few noteworthy exceptions, birds in Nevada tend to be distributed at low densities across the landscape. This distribution is probably a reflection of food resources, which likewise tend to be rather widely dispersed in the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts. The exception to this generality usua ...
Life history, population dynamics, standing biomass and
... production rates. Although this is the very first experimental study undertaken on this species, B. deitersi production rates were low compared to values reported in the literature for other cladocerans, from both tropical and subtropical regions. Key-words: s e c o n d a r y p r o d u c t i o n , g ...
... production rates. Although this is the very first experimental study undertaken on this species, B. deitersi production rates were low compared to values reported in the literature for other cladocerans, from both tropical and subtropical regions. Key-words: s e c o n d a r y p r o d u c t i o n , g ...
- University of East Anglia
... habitats within a forested landscape. Recolonisation of recently disturbed habitats is ...
... habitats within a forested landscape. Recolonisation of recently disturbed habitats is ...
Miller, B., B. Dugelby, D. Foreman, C. Martinex del Rio, R. Noss, M
... emphasize carnivores and their top-down effects. How carnivores impact ecosystem health When people discuss ecological interactions that determine abundance, distribution, and diversity across trophic levels, they often talk about top-down or bottom-up control. In the ecological sense, control means ...
... emphasize carnivores and their top-down effects. How carnivores impact ecosystem health When people discuss ecological interactions that determine abundance, distribution, and diversity across trophic levels, they often talk about top-down or bottom-up control. In the ecological sense, control means ...
Community 1 A
... Limits on Food Chain Length • Each food chain in a food web is usually only a few links long • Two hypotheses attempt to explain food chain length: – Energetic hypothesis: length is limited by inefficient energy transfer – Dynamic stability hypothesis: long food chains are less stable than short on ...
... Limits on Food Chain Length • Each food chain in a food web is usually only a few links long • Two hypotheses attempt to explain food chain length: – Energetic hypothesis: length is limited by inefficient energy transfer – Dynamic stability hypothesis: long food chains are less stable than short on ...
Growth Rings in the Roots of Temperate Forbs are Robust Annual
... decade (e.g., Dietz and Ullmann, 1997, 1998; Dietz and Fattorini, 2002; Dietz and von Arx, 2005; von Arx and Dietz, 2005). The anatomical basis of annual growth increments (hereafter referred to as “annual rings”) in the roots of forbs is the formation of earlywood vessels with large lumina in sprin ...
... decade (e.g., Dietz and Ullmann, 1997, 1998; Dietz and Fattorini, 2002; Dietz and von Arx, 2005; von Arx and Dietz, 2005). The anatomical basis of annual growth increments (hereafter referred to as “annual rings”) in the roots of forbs is the formation of earlywood vessels with large lumina in sprin ...
GENETIC VARIATION AMONG POPULATIONS AND SPECIES OF GROUPERS AND CORALGROUPERS
... Molecular phylogenies typically are constructed using one of four optimality criteria (all of which were used to some extent here): distance, parsimony, likelihood, and posterior probability methods. Distance methods optimize the shortest tree as measured directly by some metric, most simply by fit ...
... Molecular phylogenies typically are constructed using one of four optimality criteria (all of which were used to some extent here): distance, parsimony, likelihood, and posterior probability methods. Distance methods optimize the shortest tree as measured directly by some metric, most simply by fit ...
Ecological change, changing ecology
... this act. Still, cumulative effects by a series of legal decisions may have negative, and sometimes destructive, effects on biodiversity, especially so for the area-demanding species. The number of decision makers is high and their skills may often be poor, and decisions may also be overruled due to ...
... this act. Still, cumulative effects by a series of legal decisions may have negative, and sometimes destructive, effects on biodiversity, especially so for the area-demanding species. The number of decision makers is high and their skills may often be poor, and decisions may also be overruled due to ...
Viola, D., E. Mordecai, A. Jaramillo, S. Sistla, L
... quantify the relationship between competitive ability and defense and to evaluate its role in maintaining species diversity in plant communities. Plants use several types of defenses to protect themselves against consumers. However, we focus solely on the resistance component of defense, because pas ...
... quantify the relationship between competitive ability and defense and to evaluate its role in maintaining species diversity in plant communities. Plants use several types of defenses to protect themselves against consumers. However, we focus solely on the resistance component of defense, because pas ...
UNEP/CMS/ScC18/Doc.10.1
... Parties and other stakeholders should implement the actions contained in this Programme of Work according to their individual circumstances with a view to maximizing the benefits to migratory species. A timeline to implement the actions contained in this Programme of Work is proposed after each acti ...
... Parties and other stakeholders should implement the actions contained in this Programme of Work according to their individual circumstances with a view to maximizing the benefits to migratory species. A timeline to implement the actions contained in this Programme of Work is proposed after each acti ...
Bengtsson, J., Nilsson, SG, Franc, A., and Menozzi, P. (2000).
... Andersson and Appelkvist, 1990; Nilsson and Ericson, 1997).1 Some pasture woodlands, like the New Forest in England and the Dehesha woodland in Spain, are probably more similar to the forests where most forest organisms evolved than dense ungrazed stands. Fire has also been an important disturbance ...
... Andersson and Appelkvist, 1990; Nilsson and Ericson, 1997).1 Some pasture woodlands, like the New Forest in England and the Dehesha woodland in Spain, are probably more similar to the forests where most forest organisms evolved than dense ungrazed stands. Fire has also been an important disturbance ...
ASSESSING RISKS TO BIODIVERSITY FROM FUTURE
... some cases. The "Buildout" alternative started with the current zoning plans for each municipality and assumed that the full development allowed in each plan would occur. This alternative represented an extreme level of human impact where most remaining undeveloped, but developable, land in Monroe C ...
... some cases. The "Buildout" alternative started with the current zoning plans for each municipality and assumed that the full development allowed in each plan would occur. This alternative represented an extreme level of human impact where most remaining undeveloped, but developable, land in Monroe C ...
Macrozoobenthos
... • Lower epibenthic predation pressure as present after more severe winters? • What will WFD decide? ...
... • Lower epibenthic predation pressure as present after more severe winters? • What will WFD decide? ...
Forest for the Trees - Grand Valley State University
... centimeters. Remind students that the forest trees have much larger diameters than the circles in the diagrams. Their converted diameters (cm), however, represent the actual tree sizes. Have them calculate the total basal area (cm2) for the species in each forest. These values should be recorded in ...
... centimeters. Remind students that the forest trees have much larger diameters than the circles in the diagrams. Their converted diameters (cm), however, represent the actual tree sizes. Have them calculate the total basal area (cm2) for the species in each forest. These values should be recorded in ...
Ecological Heterogeneity in the Effects of Grazing and Fire on
... by annual grasses and forbs from the Mediterranean region (Heady 1977; Mooney et al. 1986). This transformation may have been aided by changes in the grazing and fire regimes when Europeans arrived 200 years ago, but there is presently no simple relationship between livestock grazing, fire, and the ...
... by annual grasses and forbs from the Mediterranean region (Heady 1977; Mooney et al. 1986). This transformation may have been aided by changes in the grazing and fire regimes when Europeans arrived 200 years ago, but there is presently no simple relationship between livestock grazing, fire, and the ...
Forest for the Trees - Grand Valley State University
... centimeters. Remind students that the forest trees have much larger diameters than the circles in the diagrams. Their converted diameters (cm), however, represent the actual tree sizes. Have them calculate the total basal area (cm2) for the species in each forest. These values should be recorded in ...
... centimeters. Remind students that the forest trees have much larger diameters than the circles in the diagrams. Their converted diameters (cm), however, represent the actual tree sizes. Have them calculate the total basal area (cm2) for the species in each forest. These values should be recorded in ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.