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CT_PlantStewIndex_090930
CT_PlantStewIndex_090930

... plant species listed as threatened under the M-ESA. The three species were Aristida longispica (slender three-awned grass), Juncus brachycarpus (short fruited rush), and Ludwigia alternifolia (seed box). The three species were found within remnant lakeplain wet-mesic prairies and mesic sand prairies ...
Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization
Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization

... non-native species to thrive in an area, where it would otherwise not survive. Conversely, these changes may render the physical environment unlivable for native species. Perhaps the most obvious example is the urban heat island effect, i.e., the universal tendency for cities to have higher ambient ...
impact breeding bird diversity?
impact breeding bird diversity?

... It is a common belief among ecologists that bird diversity is likely higher in habitats with greater diversity of vegetation. Regenerating habitats with varied species of vegetation are often the site of high levels of bird diversity due to the variety and rapid growth of recolonizing vegetation (Fi ...
How Do Species Interactions Affect Evolutionary Dynamics Across
How Do Species Interactions Affect Evolutionary Dynamics Across

... with the rate of change in the environment, up to a threshold above which the change is too great and species go extinct (Burger & Lynch 1995). For a particular change in environment, some species experience stronger selection pressures than others and therefore should evolve more (as long as the ra ...
Pseudomys novaehollandiae, New Holland Mouse
Pseudomys novaehollandiae, New Holland Mouse

... following fire. In a study in Victoria, they occurred most frequently in vegetation that had been burnt 34 years previously (Wilson 1991); while in Tasmania Pye (1991) recommended that to maintain a population at Mt William National Park, regular firing of the habitat, either naturally or by regular ...
Unit Two - Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness
Unit Two - Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness

... berry, will stay intact all winter, providing food to birds and some mammals. ...
Plant Succession: Life History and Competition
Plant Succession: Life History and Competition

... With the above interpretation, the Lotka-Volterra competition model produces a pattern of species replacement resembling succession. The dynamic properties of this equation, as opposed to its equilibrium solution, may be determined by computer simulations (King and Anderson 1971; Huston 1979). For t ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
Sample pages 1 PDF

Biodiversity and ecosystem stability: a synthesis of underlying
Biodiversity and ecosystem stability: a synthesis of underlying

... biodiversity is critical to the long-term sustainability of ecosystems in the face of environmental changes. Ecosystems are subject to natural variations in climate and other forcing factors, and these variations are increasing currently because of growing anthropogenic impacts on the biosphere. If ...
Knowing Your Warblers
Knowing Your Warblers

... ...such differences, if found, are then cited as the reason competition is not eliminating all but one of the species. Unfortunately, however, differences in food and space requirements are neither always necessary nor always sufficient to prevent competition and permit coexistence. Actually, to per ...
Ecology3e Ch15 Lecture KEY
Ecology3e Ch15 Lecture KEY

... One species of nurse plant may protect the seedlings of many other species. Desert ironwood serves as a nurse plant for 165 different species. The nurse plant and beneficiary species may evolve little in response to one ...
7 Principles
7 Principles

Ashton, P.M.S., and Larson, B.C. 1996. Germination and seedling
Ashton, P.M.S., and Larson, B.C. 1996. Germination and seedling

... monitored recruitment and growth of advance regeneration in situ with no control over microenvironment location or seedling age and size. This makes it difficult to measure differences in survival and growth among species that have similar growth morphology and physiology. Many closely related tree ...
Five Potential Consequences of Climate Change for Invasive Species
Five Potential Consequences of Climate Change for Invasive Species

... number of voyages with non-native propagules. There will be more purposeful introductions for recreation or conservation purposes. Some, currently unsuccessful, non-native species will be able to colonize if conditions become more like the species’ native range. Some non-native species will be able ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... analysis: Dehling et al. 2014; Spitz, Ridoux & Brind’Amour 2014; Crea, Ali & Rader 2016), we still lack a common analytical framework with which to evaluate the contribution of species traits to pairwise interactions, and at the higher level to the structure of interaction networks. Even though neut ...
View PDF
View PDF

... It is fairly widespread, particularly when you go into the older parts of London. The Georgian and the Victorian parts of London often support quite high populations of these certain things, and some of it I think is actually to do with the mortar and the cement and the brickwork and things like th ...
Why behavioural responses may not reflect the
Why behavioural responses may not reflect the

... human presence could potentially be severe. By contrast, for species that feed on mobile or highly aggregated prey, the costs of moving to alternative sites may be great, especially if they are territorial or experience high levels of interference competition. Such species could then be forced to to ...
JP Pipe and Steel 71 Lower Coast Road Stanwell Park
JP Pipe and Steel 71 Lower Coast Road Stanwell Park

... The NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) applies to terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. This Act is administered by the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH). Pursuant to the EP&A Act an assessment of the impacts of the proposed works in areas of critical habitat or is ...
Host specialization and species richness of fruit flies (Diptera
Host specialization and species richness of fruit flies (Diptera

... The dependence of species richness on sample size was explored by randomized species accumulation curves (Colwell & Coddington 1994) for plant species with samples > 25 kg of fruits and at least 100 fruit flies per species (Figure 2). The fruit fly assemblage on Cerbera manghas included one common spe ...
Ungulate browsers promote herbaceous layer diversity in logged
Ungulate browsers promote herbaceous layer diversity in logged

... Although many studies have examined forest ecosystems with more than one ungulate species (e.g., Ammer 1996; Gill and Morgan 2010; Kuijper et al. 2010), few studies have specifically examined the effects of different numbers of ungulate species on forest and other plant communities (Ritchie and Olff ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality

... ongoing global change, we therefore need to examine the relationships between different components of diversity (above- versus below-ground, common versus rare) and ecosystem multifunctionality across environmental gradients [23]. It has also been hypothesized that the presence of certain species ca ...
Evolutionary relatedness does not predict competition and co
Evolutionary relatedness does not predict competition and co

... The competition-relatedness hypothesis (CRH) predicts that the strength of competition is the strongest among closely related species and decreases as species become less related. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that common ancestry causes close relatives to share biological traits that l ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem

... ongoing global change, we therefore need to examine the relationships between different components of diversity (above- versus below-ground, common versus rare) and ecosystem multifunctionality across environmental gradients [23]. It has also been hypothesized that the presence of certain species ca ...
Frog Declines
Frog Declines

... America, South America, and eastern Australia (although cases of amphibian extinctions have appeared worldwide). While human activities are causing a loss of much of the world’s biodiversity, amphibians appear to be suffering much greater effects than other species of organisms. Because amphibians g ...
Experimental evidence that the introduced fire ant, Solenopsis
Experimental evidence that the introduced fire ant, Solenopsis

... chambers and vertical shafts assured that the complete nest was filled quickly with hot water, killing all the ants contacted. The remaining hot water was used to collapse the mound. Very large colonies sometimes required two or even three buckets of water, but small colonies could be killed with a ...
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Bifrenaria



Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.
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