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autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

... innervate skeletal muscle to produce conscious, voluntary movements. effect of a motor neuron is always excitation. ...
Cranial Nerve Locations CN I Olfactory ----------
Cranial Nerve Locations CN I Olfactory ----------

...  Principal sensory nucleus  Discriminative touch with high spatial acuity on the face  Conscious proprioception of the jaw  Motor nucleus  Motor neurons that innervate muscles of mastication ...
spinal cord - (canvas.brown.edu).
spinal cord - (canvas.brown.edu).

... Primary afferents ascend in DORSAL COLUMNS SYNAPSE: DORSAL COLUMN NUCLEI of caudal medulla Decussation of secondary fibers Ascent of secondary fibers as MEDIAL LEMNISCUS Synapse in VPL nucleus of thalamus Projection of third order fibers to postcentral gyrus Implications of crossing (deficits are CO ...
features of mercury toxic influence mechanism
features of mercury toxic influence mechanism

... learning and memory, and therefore reflects the period of micromercuryalism when the clinical picture is difficult to diagnose. Antagonist of mercury - selenium concentration was almost zero, indicating a high competitive ability of mercury binding sites in sulfur-containing enzymes and proteins. Si ...
Physiopathology – Motor prostheses
Physiopathology – Motor prostheses

... input EMG channels to active joints Non-intuitive control requires concentration, has high rejection rate in practice Although more active joints than commercial alternatives, motion is still limited by under-actuation ...
Nerve impulses and Synapses Electro
Nerve impulses and Synapses Electro

... • Neurons carry an electrical potential (voltage) across their membranes. • Opening and closing of ion channels changes the membrane potential. This can encode external stimuli as electrical signals. • To send signals over large distances through their axons, neurons need to generate action potentia ...
Ch 17
Ch 17

... •  Marine worms range in size from 10-40 cm •  Known as acorn worms •  Dioecious with external fertilization •  Larval stage called tornaria, which eventually settle to the substrate and grow into adult form ...
Zoran Đogaš
Zoran Đogaš

... case, again, the smallest neurons will fire first (small twitch tension), and larger neurons will fire later (larger twitch tension). •  V = IR: Small neurons have a higher resistance, which means they will show a stronger depolarization (V) for the same current (I). •  That's why they fire first. ...
Quiz Answers
Quiz Answers

... sensory nerves, the ability of the neurons to transmit sensory information will be inhibited. This loss of sensory information would be experienced as a “numbness” in areas exposed to the toxin. 15. Paralysis is a term used to describe the loss of function of muscle. If tetrodotoxin ’s effect is on ...
KKDP4: The role of neurotransmitters in the transmission of neural
KKDP4: The role of neurotransmitters in the transmission of neural

... The binding ‘unlocks’ the postsynaptic neuron’s response so that the neurotransmitter causes changes to the neuron, resulting in an excitatory or inhibitory effect. ...
SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION 1. A function
SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION 1. A function

... (C) cross as the internal arcuate fibers (D) are typically damaged in patients with tabes dorsalis (E) have a functional homologue in the neurons of the spinal trigeminal nucleus 30. A single column of cells oriented perpendicular to the surface of the primary somatosensory cortex receives input fro ...
Eagleman Ch 3. Neurons and Synapses
Eagleman Ch 3. Neurons and Synapses

... In the brain, there are approximately 100 billion neurons, each sending up to a few hundred action potentials per second.  The number of spikes per second is used to describe the neuron’s response to a stimulus. ...
The Nervous System in Lumbriculus variegatus
The Nervous System in Lumbriculus variegatus

... excites segmental motor neurons which, in turn, excite longitudinal muscle, resulting in rapid shortening and withdrawal of anterior segments. In contrast, the two lateral giant fibers (or LGFs) are excited by touch stimuli to posterior segments. The LGFs are excited together and conduct impulses as ...
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

... excites segmental motor neurons which, in turn, excite longitudinal muscle, resulting in rapid shortening and withdrawal of anterior segments. In contrast, the two lateral giant fibers (or LGFs) are excited by touch stimuli to posterior segments. The LGFs are excited together and conduct impulses as ...
Slides from Discussion section VI 11/15/2004 (Elissa
Slides from Discussion section VI 11/15/2004 (Elissa

... This study supports the notion that perception of visual category information is processed in the Inferior Temporal cortex ...
Ch. 3 S. 1
Ch. 3 S. 1

... sleep; dopamine-motor behavior, but a deficiency plays a role in Parkinson’s and an excess may contribute to schizophrenia. ...
TEST-Chapter 38 Arthropods
TEST-Chapter 38 Arthropods

... Osmoregulation is __________________________________ A. the concentration of sensory and nervous tissue in the anterior end B. the ability to self-amputate body parts C. the presence of both male and female sex organs in one animal D. maintaining the correct balance of water and ions in the body Chi ...
The Nervous System and the Brain
The Nervous System and the Brain

... overreacts. In the absence of external threats, their bodies still respond as if they were faced with danger, such as in anxiety or panic attacks. ...
Character Recognition using Spiking Neural Networks
Character Recognition using Spiking Neural Networks

... Their model had the capability to handle spatial-temporal data sequences continuously. Buonomano et al. [10] proposed a model for position invariant character recognition by coding input intensity by relative firing time. They used traditional backpropagation to learn to discriminate histograms. Jar ...
Neuroanatomy PP - Rincon History Department
Neuroanatomy PP - Rincon History Department

... A neuron fires an impulse, when it receives signals from sense receptors…the impulse is called ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... It permits an organism to adjust its behavior according to the consequences of that behavior Reinforcing stimulus – an appetitive stimulus (e.g. food, water) that follows a particular behavior (e.g. lever press) and thus makes the behavior become more frequent Punishing stimulus – an aversive stimul ...
cell body
cell body

...  The proteins are needed for maintenance and repair, and for production of neurotransmitters and enzymes.  Dendrites are highly branched, tapering processes which either end in specialized sensory receptors (as in primary sensory neurons) or form synapses with neighboring neurons from which they r ...
Motor system basics
Motor system basics

... Internal – movement performed as part of a memorized sequence. ...
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

... • The majority of the activities of the autonomic system do not impinge on consciousness • The control exerted by the system is extremely rapid and widespread • The visceral receptors include chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, and osmoreceptors. Ischemia or stretch can cause extreme pain • Distributed b ...
Chapter 21 - The Nervous System: Organization
Chapter 21 - The Nervous System: Organization

... The cerebellum coordinates and refines complex muscle movements. Movement information that is initiated in higher brain centers (the cerebral cortex) is compared to the actual position of the limbs. The cerebellum then adjusts and refines the movement. ...
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Caridoid escape reaction



The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.
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