Principles of neural ensemble physiology underlying the operation
... spatiotemporal patterns of neural ensemble firing on the millisecond scale Following the nomenclature introduced by Reeke and Edelman, this principle, which states that identical behavioural outputs can be produced by distinct functional and transient neural ensembles, has been named the degeneracy ...
... spatiotemporal patterns of neural ensemble firing on the millisecond scale Following the nomenclature introduced by Reeke and Edelman, this principle, which states that identical behavioural outputs can be produced by distinct functional and transient neural ensembles, has been named the degeneracy ...
excitatory neurotransmitter
... There are many neurotransmitters within the body and each type has its own distinct shape. The receptor sites that absorb the neurotransmitters are designed to only receive a specified neurotransmitter. Therefore the receptor sites have a matching shape to the neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitter ...
... There are many neurotransmitters within the body and each type has its own distinct shape. The receptor sites that absorb the neurotransmitters are designed to only receive a specified neurotransmitter. Therefore the receptor sites have a matching shape to the neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitter ...
Psych 11Nervous System Overview
... A touch or painful stimulus, for example, creates a sensation in the brain only after information about the stimulus travels there via afferent nerve pathways. Afferent neurons have a single long dendrite and a short axon. The dendrite is structurally and functionally similar to an axon, and is ...
... A touch or painful stimulus, for example, creates a sensation in the brain only after information about the stimulus travels there via afferent nerve pathways. Afferent neurons have a single long dendrite and a short axon. The dendrite is structurally and functionally similar to an axon, and is ...
The Nervous System
... are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
... are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
ЛЕКЦІЯ 4
... A stretch reflex (myotatic) is a muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle. It is a monosynaptic reflex which provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length. When muscle lengthens, the spindle is stretched and the activity increases. This increases alpha motor neuron ac ...
... A stretch reflex (myotatic) is a muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle. It is a monosynaptic reflex which provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length. When muscle lengthens, the spindle is stretched and the activity increases. This increases alpha motor neuron ac ...
Brain(annotated)
... In addition to tool-making (which is an intelligent, learned behavior, not extinctive), birds have displayed many other intelligent behaviors. Some parrots have learned to use (very simple) language, that is to say, they use words in context and in simple phrases (not mere mimicry). Birds lack a co ...
... In addition to tool-making (which is an intelligent, learned behavior, not extinctive), birds have displayed many other intelligent behaviors. Some parrots have learned to use (very simple) language, that is to say, they use words in context and in simple phrases (not mere mimicry). Birds lack a co ...
Term - k20 learn
... Occurs when sodium ions rush into the cell during an action potential, raising the membrane potential from a very negative value to be more positive. For a short time, the charges on either side of the cell membrane switch, making the inside of the cell membrane positive relative to the outside. ...
... Occurs when sodium ions rush into the cell during an action potential, raising the membrane potential from a very negative value to be more positive. For a short time, the charges on either side of the cell membrane switch, making the inside of the cell membrane positive relative to the outside. ...
Neurons and Astrocytes
... – say “don’t worry, we’ll do it – we’ll take care of it – don’t think about it.” This frees up neurons for the thinking stuff/new learning stuff. • For example: visualise how a young child problem solves as they try to sit on a chair versus how we do it automatically. It takes about 2 years to build ...
... – say “don’t worry, we’ll do it – we’ll take care of it – don’t think about it.” This frees up neurons for the thinking stuff/new learning stuff. • For example: visualise how a young child problem solves as they try to sit on a chair versus how we do it automatically. It takes about 2 years to build ...
to get the file
... V1 contains a retinotopic map of the visual Field. Adjacent Neurons represent adjacent regions in the retina. That particular small retinal region from which a single neuron receives its input is called the receptive field of this neuron. V1 receives information from both eyes. Alternating regions i ...
... V1 contains a retinotopic map of the visual Field. Adjacent Neurons represent adjacent regions in the retina. That particular small retinal region from which a single neuron receives its input is called the receptive field of this neuron. V1 receives information from both eyes. Alternating regions i ...
Systems Neuroscience - College of William and Mary
... and continues without lapse for the entire lifespan of the animal, which in humans can last up to, or exceed, 100 years. Diseases that affect the neural control of breathing can strike at any age, but newborns and premature babies are particularly susceptible to various forms of apnea and SIDS. We a ...
... and continues without lapse for the entire lifespan of the animal, which in humans can last up to, or exceed, 100 years. Diseases that affect the neural control of breathing can strike at any age, but newborns and premature babies are particularly susceptible to various forms of apnea and SIDS. We a ...
Motor System I: The Pyramidal Tract
... III. Effects of Stimulation of the Motor Cortex (Fig. 1) Stimulation evokes discrete, isolated movements on the opposite ...
... III. Effects of Stimulation of the Motor Cortex (Fig. 1) Stimulation evokes discrete, isolated movements on the opposite ...
ch15 autonomic nervous system
... 1. The adrenergic neurons release norepinephrine (Figure 15.7) and include most sympathetic postganglionic neurons. 2. The main types of adrenergic receptors are alpha and beta receptors. a. These receptors are further classified into subtypes. b. Depending on the subtype, activation of the receptor ...
... 1. The adrenergic neurons release norepinephrine (Figure 15.7) and include most sympathetic postganglionic neurons. 2. The main types of adrenergic receptors are alpha and beta receptors. a. These receptors are further classified into subtypes. b. Depending on the subtype, activation of the receptor ...
Attending to Contrast
... basis of the psychological phenomena of visual attention. Desimone and colleagues have suggested that attention may increase the efficiency with which attended stimuli are encoded, while Maunsell and colleagues have argued that attention boosts the overall strength of neural signals without altering ...
... basis of the psychological phenomena of visual attention. Desimone and colleagues have suggested that attention may increase the efficiency with which attended stimuli are encoded, while Maunsell and colleagues have argued that attention boosts the overall strength of neural signals without altering ...
Unimodal or Bimodal Distribution of Synaptic Weights?
... Most Hebbian learning rules or BCM rules used to describe receptive field development exhibit a spontaneous separation of synaptic weights into two groups, i.e., strong and weak synapses, so that the distribution of synaptic weights is bimodal. This implies that even rather ‘weak’, non-significant c ...
... Most Hebbian learning rules or BCM rules used to describe receptive field development exhibit a spontaneous separation of synaptic weights into two groups, i.e., strong and weak synapses, so that the distribution of synaptic weights is bimodal. This implies that even rather ‘weak’, non-significant c ...
6 BIO Neurotransmitters - Appoquinimink High School
... Chemicals contained in the terminal buttons that enable neurons to communicate. Neurotransmitters fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of neurons like a key fits into a lock. ...
... Chemicals contained in the terminal buttons that enable neurons to communicate. Neurotransmitters fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of neurons like a key fits into a lock. ...
Spinal cord- 2 - Weebly
... Corticospinal tracts The corticospinal tracts are often called the pyramidal tracts because they form pyramid-shaped enlargements on the anterior surface of the medulla concerned with controlling skilled movements of the distal extremities (facilitation of alpha and gamma motor neurons which inn ...
... Corticospinal tracts The corticospinal tracts are often called the pyramidal tracts because they form pyramid-shaped enlargements on the anterior surface of the medulla concerned with controlling skilled movements of the distal extremities (facilitation of alpha and gamma motor neurons which inn ...
Optic Nerves * Jack Baesman
... Sensory Nerves associated with sense of smell Contains only axons of sensory, bipolar neurons. Located in upper nasal cavity Olfactory receptor cells carry impulses to neurons in olfactory bulbs Sensory impulses travel from bulbs along olfactory tracts to the cerebral centers where they are interpre ...
... Sensory Nerves associated with sense of smell Contains only axons of sensory, bipolar neurons. Located in upper nasal cavity Olfactory receptor cells carry impulses to neurons in olfactory bulbs Sensory impulses travel from bulbs along olfactory tracts to the cerebral centers where they are interpre ...
Primary motor cortex
... Construction of motor image Supplementary motor area Bilateral complex movement patterns Body posture maintanence ...
... Construction of motor image Supplementary motor area Bilateral complex movement patterns Body posture maintanence ...
Outline10 Action Potl
... b. Efferent Division - output motor signals from CNS to effector organs Functional types of neurons 1. sensory (afferent) neurons - input to CNS from sensory receptors; dendrites located at receptors, axons in nerves, cell bodies in ganglia outside the CNS 2. motor (efferent) neurons - output from C ...
... b. Efferent Division - output motor signals from CNS to effector organs Functional types of neurons 1. sensory (afferent) neurons - input to CNS from sensory receptors; dendrites located at receptors, axons in nerves, cell bodies in ganglia outside the CNS 2. motor (efferent) neurons - output from C ...
Visceral Nervous System
... RADICULAR NEURONS: they form the anterior roots. In the spinal cord the cell body is in the anterior horn of the grey metter; in the brain stem in motor nuclei. FASCICULAR NEURONS: they represent the second neuron of a sensory pathway. In the spinal cord the cell body is in the posterior horn of the ...
... RADICULAR NEURONS: they form the anterior roots. In the spinal cord the cell body is in the anterior horn of the grey metter; in the brain stem in motor nuclei. FASCICULAR NEURONS: they represent the second neuron of a sensory pathway. In the spinal cord the cell body is in the posterior horn of the ...
The language of the brain
... the Max Plank Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, discovered a strengthening process known as spike-timing-dependent plasticity, in which an input at a synapse is delivered at a frequency in the gamma range and is consistently followed within 10 milliseconds by a spike from the neuron on t ...
... the Max Plank Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, discovered a strengthening process known as spike-timing-dependent plasticity, in which an input at a synapse is delivered at a frequency in the gamma range and is consistently followed within 10 milliseconds by a spike from the neuron on t ...
Neural Basis of Motor Control
... which is considered to be part of the brainstem) Plays a major role in arousal, consciousness, states of sleep, and relaxation Primary role is as an integrator of sensory and motor neural impulses, that is, inhibits or increases neural impluses which in turn influences skeletal muscle activity. ...
... which is considered to be part of the brainstem) Plays a major role in arousal, consciousness, states of sleep, and relaxation Primary role is as an integrator of sensory and motor neural impulses, that is, inhibits or increases neural impluses which in turn influences skeletal muscle activity. ...
Kind of larva found in arthropods
... dorsal nerve cord & a ventral heart ventral nerve cord and a dorsal heart ...
... dorsal nerve cord & a ventral heart ventral nerve cord and a dorsal heart ...
Autonomic Nervous System ANS - Anderson School District One
... αlpha & βeta Receptors • α1 & β1 produce excitation when activated • α2 & β2 receptors cause inhibition of effector tissues • β3 found only on cells of brown adipose where activation causes thermogenesis (heat production) ...
... αlpha & βeta Receptors • α1 & β1 produce excitation when activated • α2 & β2 receptors cause inhibition of effector tissues • β3 found only on cells of brown adipose where activation causes thermogenesis (heat production) ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.