Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... Following a similar approach, a comprehensive definition of a novel GABAergic cell type of BLA expressing NPY (and SOM) has recently been provided [41]. This neuron, termed neurogliaform cell (NGFC), has short sparsely spiny dendrites arranged in a stellate fashion around the soma. The axon branche ...
... Following a similar approach, a comprehensive definition of a novel GABAergic cell type of BLA expressing NPY (and SOM) has recently been provided [41]. This neuron, termed neurogliaform cell (NGFC), has short sparsely spiny dendrites arranged in a stellate fashion around the soma. The axon branche ...
Parallel Transformation of Tactile Signals in Central Circuits of
... dissected and fixed for 15 min at room temperature in 4% paraformaldehyde, then rinsed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubated in blocking solution (5% goat serum in PBS + 0.2% Triton X-100 [PBST]). They were then incubated in blocking solution with primary antibodies for 24 hours at room t ...
... dissected and fixed for 15 min at room temperature in 4% paraformaldehyde, then rinsed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubated in blocking solution (5% goat serum in PBS + 0.2% Triton X-100 [PBST]). They were then incubated in blocking solution with primary antibodies for 24 hours at room t ...
Do cortical areas emerge from a protocottex?
... radial fashion within the developing cortical plate. The first direct demonstration of this has come recently from studies in which a progenitor cell is infected with a recombinant retrovirus carrying a marker gene which allows for later identification of its progeny. Using this approach, it has bee ...
... radial fashion within the developing cortical plate. The first direct demonstration of this has come recently from studies in which a progenitor cell is infected with a recombinant retrovirus carrying a marker gene which allows for later identification of its progeny. Using this approach, it has bee ...
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... Fig. 1. Display, trial events, trial structure, anatomical location of task-related neurons in the problem-solving task and taskrelated intervals. (a) Location of stimuli on the display monitor. The animal worked with three targets, upper (U), left (L) and right (R). A 4 ´ 4 mm central white square ...
... Fig. 1. Display, trial events, trial structure, anatomical location of task-related neurons in the problem-solving task and taskrelated intervals. (a) Location of stimuli on the display monitor. The animal worked with three targets, upper (U), left (L) and right (R). A 4 ´ 4 mm central white square ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... the purpose [3, 8]. Sequential segments of interspike intervals were analyzed until 1200 action potentials had been recorded. The stationary nature of spike flows was evaluated using the non-parametric Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and from the shapes of sliding frequency plots. Eighth-order autocorrelogr ...
... the purpose [3, 8]. Sequential segments of interspike intervals were analyzed until 1200 action potentials had been recorded. The stationary nature of spike flows was evaluated using the non-parametric Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and from the shapes of sliding frequency plots. Eighth-order autocorrelogr ...
Ionic Mechanism of the Slow Afterdepolarization Induced by
... Haj-Dahmane, Samir and Rodrigo Andrade. Ionic mechanism of the slow afterdepolarization induced by muscarinic receptor activation in rat prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1197–1210, 1998. The mammalian prefrontal cortex receives a dense cholinergic innervation from subcortical regions. We prev ...
... Haj-Dahmane, Samir and Rodrigo Andrade. Ionic mechanism of the slow afterdepolarization induced by muscarinic receptor activation in rat prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1197–1210, 1998. The mammalian prefrontal cortex receives a dense cholinergic innervation from subcortical regions. We prev ...
NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... moderate level of EMG activity, and little or no EOG and PGO wave activity (Figures 2, 3). The group mean spontaneous spike rate for the same SRT neurons measured 19.1 spikes/s±3.5 (range: 5.2-41.4) and did not significantly differ from values obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state o ...
... moderate level of EMG activity, and little or no EOG and PGO wave activity (Figures 2, 3). The group mean spontaneous spike rate for the same SRT neurons measured 19.1 spikes/s±3.5 (range: 5.2-41.4) and did not significantly differ from values obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state o ...
Transcription Factor Expression and Notch
... cord was also isolated from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) rat embryos. Dissociated cell suspensions were prepared as described above, except that the fractionation with a serum cushion was omitted. Primary culture was performed according to Weiss et al. (1996), with some modifications. Floating culture ...
... cord was also isolated from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) rat embryos. Dissociated cell suspensions were prepared as described above, except that the fractionation with a serum cushion was omitted. Primary culture was performed according to Weiss et al. (1996), with some modifications. Floating culture ...
Computational physics: Neural networks
... distributed computing in the brain. The neuron is the central computing element of the brain which performs a non-linear input to output mapping between its synaptic inputs and its spiky output. The neurons are connected by synaptic junctions, thus forming a neural network. A central question is how ...
... distributed computing in the brain. The neuron is the central computing element of the brain which performs a non-linear input to output mapping between its synaptic inputs and its spiky output. The neurons are connected by synaptic junctions, thus forming a neural network. A central question is how ...
Rapid Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Cytochemistry
... described in detail elsewhere (26). By 2 wk in vitro, these cultures had well-developed fascicles of nerve fibers connecting single or small groups of neurons. They were subsequently cultured for a total of 5-9 wk in vitro because prior studies using this culture system have demonstrated that substa ...
... described in detail elsewhere (26). By 2 wk in vitro, these cultures had well-developed fascicles of nerve fibers connecting single or small groups of neurons. They were subsequently cultured for a total of 5-9 wk in vitro because prior studies using this culture system have demonstrated that substa ...
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... three groups of neurons: superficial pyramidal cells, deep pyramidal cells and a common pool of inhibitory cells. All three groups are interconnected, while thalamic input mainly targets superficial pyramidal cells and inhibitory cells. These connections allow the circuit to amplify transient thalam ...
... three groups of neurons: superficial pyramidal cells, deep pyramidal cells and a common pool of inhibitory cells. All three groups are interconnected, while thalamic input mainly targets superficial pyramidal cells and inhibitory cells. These connections allow the circuit to amplify transient thalam ...
resting membrane potential
... Figure 7.6 Membrane potential of a cell permeable to potassium only. Potassium (K+) and organic anions (A-) are located in greater concentration inside the cell. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions are located in greater concentration outside the cell. The width of an arrow is relative to the stren ...
... Figure 7.6 Membrane potential of a cell permeable to potassium only. Potassium (K+) and organic anions (A-) are located in greater concentration inside the cell. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions are located in greater concentration outside the cell. The width of an arrow is relative to the stren ...
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... a technique first described by DeLong to generate reaggregating cell cultures from fetal mouse isocortex and hippocampus (1). Dr Pulliam used BrnAggs to study human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus encephalitis (2Y5). Ours is the first study of prion disease in BrnAggs. Brain aggregates ...
... a technique first described by DeLong to generate reaggregating cell cultures from fetal mouse isocortex and hippocampus (1). Dr Pulliam used BrnAggs to study human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus encephalitis (2Y5). Ours is the first study of prion disease in BrnAggs. Brain aggregates ...
Chapter 15
... Preganglionic neuron synapses with postganglionic neuron in first ganglion it reaches Preganglionic neuron ascends or descends to another ganglion along sympathetic chain before synapsing with postganglionic neuron. An axon may project through a ganglion and synapse with a postglanglionic neuron in ...
... Preganglionic neuron synapses with postganglionic neuron in first ganglion it reaches Preganglionic neuron ascends or descends to another ganglion along sympathetic chain before synapsing with postganglionic neuron. An axon may project through a ganglion and synapse with a postglanglionic neuron in ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... of excitation and 47 of inhibition against 9 of excitation followed by inhibition and 19 of inhibition followed by excitation). The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the sum ...
... of excitation and 47 of inhibition against 9 of excitation followed by inhibition and 19 of inhibition followed by excitation). The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the sum ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... sample rate of 30 kHz) using a neuronal signal processor (Cerebus, Blackrock Microsystems, ...
... sample rate of 30 kHz) using a neuronal signal processor (Cerebus, Blackrock Microsystems, ...
Neuron/Glia Relationships Observed Over Intervals
... of the glial nuclei associated with each neuron could be determined. Video images of up to six focal planes/neuron were digitized, enhanced, and stored as a permanent record. For this purpose we used a Trapix 5500 image processor (Recognition Concepts, Inc., Incline Village, NV) and IMAGR, a general ...
... of the glial nuclei associated with each neuron could be determined. Video images of up to six focal planes/neuron were digitized, enhanced, and stored as a permanent record. For this purpose we used a Trapix 5500 image processor (Recognition Concepts, Inc., Incline Village, NV) and IMAGR, a general ...
Specific Projection of the Sensory Crypt Cells in
... mitral cells whose axons make up the lMOT. This finding is in accordance with our previous studies showing that microvillous ORNs project to the lateral olfactory tract, which mediates feeding behavior, and that ciliated ORNs project to the medial bundle of the medial olfactory tract mediating alarm ...
... mitral cells whose axons make up the lMOT. This finding is in accordance with our previous studies showing that microvillous ORNs project to the lateral olfactory tract, which mediates feeding behavior, and that ciliated ORNs project to the medial bundle of the medial olfactory tract mediating alarm ...
neuronal types and their specification dynamics in
... the second half of the 19th century. Later on, Walter Canon's pioneering studies on the effects of autonomic denervation identified the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of this system as the main regulator of the internal homeostasis (Purves, 2012). Both divisions share a similar architectu ...
... the second half of the 19th century. Later on, Walter Canon's pioneering studies on the effects of autonomic denervation identified the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of this system as the main regulator of the internal homeostasis (Purves, 2012). Both divisions share a similar architectu ...
Asynchronous state
... Above threshold neurons produces a spike. This happens at times Immediately after V is kept in a reset value during a refractory time t_ref. Synaptic currents: ...
... Above threshold neurons produces a spike. This happens at times Immediately after V is kept in a reset value during a refractory time t_ref. Synaptic currents: ...
Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage
... of the cell and running small currents – it is all set by the current to area ratio. In rechargeable batteries this is set for low losses, one reason being simply that the system cannot tolerate too much heat developing. A battery is therefore by necessity quite efficient. A fuel cell or electrolyse ...
... of the cell and running small currents – it is all set by the current to area ratio. In rechargeable batteries this is set for low losses, one reason being simply that the system cannot tolerate too much heat developing. A battery is therefore by necessity quite efficient. A fuel cell or electrolyse ...
Lecture 6 - Wiki Index
... – should be good for things that brains are good at (e.g. vision) – Should be bad for things that brains are bad at (e.g. 23 x 71) ...
... – should be good for things that brains are good at (e.g. vision) – Should be bad for things that brains are bad at (e.g. 23 x 71) ...
Neural Networks – State of Art, Brief History, Basic Models and
... In 1969 Minsky and Papert wrote a book Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry [6]. It was a part of a campaign to discredit neural network research showing a number of fundamental problems, and in which they generalized the limitations of single layer perceptron. Although the authors ...
... In 1969 Minsky and Papert wrote a book Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry [6]. It was a part of a campaign to discredit neural network research showing a number of fundamental problems, and in which they generalized the limitations of single layer perceptron. Although the authors ...
Emerging roles of Axin in cerebral cortical development
... connection with other brain regions. Remarkably, the characteristic distribution and connectivity of cortical neurons originate from a single layer of progenitor cells called the neuroepithelium. During cortical development, neural progenitor cells located in the ventricular zone undergo symmetric c ...
... connection with other brain regions. Remarkably, the characteristic distribution and connectivity of cortical neurons originate from a single layer of progenitor cells called the neuroepithelium. During cortical development, neural progenitor cells located in the ventricular zone undergo symmetric c ...