Nervous System - cloudfront.net
... The nervous system is the body’s control center and communication network. The nervous system allows us to think, evaluate, and remember information. The most important part of the nervous system is the neuron or nerve cell. There are three functions of the nervous system: sensory input, integration ...
... The nervous system is the body’s control center and communication network. The nervous system allows us to think, evaluate, and remember information. The most important part of the nervous system is the neuron or nerve cell. There are three functions of the nervous system: sensory input, integration ...
Shedding Light on the Role of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine in
... to increase motivation to seek out food reward, and it appears to do so by amplifying the motivational value of cues associated with the reward experience, rather than by directly reinforcing actions. Furthermore, through conditioning, optical VTA DA stimulation becomes a signal animals are later wi ...
... to increase motivation to seek out food reward, and it appears to do so by amplifying the motivational value of cues associated with the reward experience, rather than by directly reinforcing actions. Furthermore, through conditioning, optical VTA DA stimulation becomes a signal animals are later wi ...
Trial and Error – Optogenetic techniques offer insight into the
... that dopamine neurons use simple subtraction (9) [see the figure (B)]. Although this arithmetic is assumed in computational models, it is remarkably rare in the brain; division is much more common, as exemplified by gain control in sensory systems. However, subtraction is an ideal calculation becaus ...
... that dopamine neurons use simple subtraction (9) [see the figure (B)]. Although this arithmetic is assumed in computational models, it is remarkably rare in the brain; division is much more common, as exemplified by gain control in sensory systems. However, subtraction is an ideal calculation becaus ...
THALAMUS
... (mGluR)results in depolarization of relay neurons through reduction of IKL. This depolarization subsequently shifts these neurons to the single-spike mode of action potential generation. Similarly, activation of alfa1-adrenergic, 5-HT2 receptors, mGluR receptors has similar effect in the thalamic re ...
... (mGluR)results in depolarization of relay neurons through reduction of IKL. This depolarization subsequently shifts these neurons to the single-spike mode of action potential generation. Similarly, activation of alfa1-adrenergic, 5-HT2 receptors, mGluR receptors has similar effect in the thalamic re ...
Electrophysiology applications 1
... the pipette so that both iontophoresis and micropressure techniques can be used from the same barrel. If similar results are obtained with both methods of local drug delivery, it is less likely that the results are due to artifacts associated with either technique alone. See ref. 40 and Physiologica ...
... the pipette so that both iontophoresis and micropressure techniques can be used from the same barrel. If similar results are obtained with both methods of local drug delivery, it is less likely that the results are due to artifacts associated with either technique alone. See ref. 40 and Physiologica ...
RESEARCH LETTERS 3 Marwood RP. Disappearance of
... may provide an explanation for the appearance of L-DOPAinduced dyskinesias in the latter stages of Parkinson's disease. The origin of these striatal DAT* neurons is not clear. They might simply be existing intrinsic neurons that have acquired a dopaminergic phenotype or they might be new neurons gen ...
... may provide an explanation for the appearance of L-DOPAinduced dyskinesias in the latter stages of Parkinson's disease. The origin of these striatal DAT* neurons is not clear. They might simply be existing intrinsic neurons that have acquired a dopaminergic phenotype or they might be new neurons gen ...
AP-Anatomy
... The amount of activity in the pain fibers. The amount of activity in other peripheral fibers. ...
... The amount of activity in the pain fibers. The amount of activity in other peripheral fibers. ...
The combinatorics and dynamics of a discrete k winners take all
... We consider a modification of the classical perceptron model of neural networks inspired by neuroscience research on hippocampus. In this model, those k neurons fire whose weighted inputs are maximal. The model tries to mimic the dynamics of the neural activity in the hippocampus, where only a few p ...
... We consider a modification of the classical perceptron model of neural networks inspired by neuroscience research on hippocampus. In this model, those k neurons fire whose weighted inputs are maximal. The model tries to mimic the dynamics of the neural activity in the hippocampus, where only a few p ...
Memory fields of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex
... sensory- and not motor-related (36, 37). Finally, unlike neurons in the IT cortex, only a minority of PF what-and-where neurons were sensitive to foveal stimulation. Indeed, the MFs of most of these neurons were entirely extrafoveal. Thus, they seem well suited to the task demand to represent object ...
... sensory- and not motor-related (36, 37). Finally, unlike neurons in the IT cortex, only a minority of PF what-and-where neurons were sensitive to foveal stimulation. Indeed, the MFs of most of these neurons were entirely extrafoveal. Thus, they seem well suited to the task demand to represent object ...
PERSPECTIVES
... We live in a world full of objects, sounds and movements. Among all of these stimuli, the movements of other living creatures — especially of our conspecifics — are particularly important for us. How do we understand the actions of other subjects? What are the neurophysiological bases of this abilit ...
... We live in a world full of objects, sounds and movements. Among all of these stimuli, the movements of other living creatures — especially of our conspecifics — are particularly important for us. How do we understand the actions of other subjects? What are the neurophysiological bases of this abilit ...
From autism to ADHD: computational simulations
... • fMRI and EEG study suggests that adults with ASD have local overconnectivity in the cortex and weak functional connections between the frontal lobe and the rest of the cortex. • Underconnectivity is mainly within each hemisphere of the cortex and that autism is a disorder of the association cortex ...
... • fMRI and EEG study suggests that adults with ASD have local overconnectivity in the cortex and weak functional connections between the frontal lobe and the rest of the cortex. • Underconnectivity is mainly within each hemisphere of the cortex and that autism is a disorder of the association cortex ...
hebbRNN: A Reward-Modulated Hebbian Learning Rule for
... Software Archive: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.154745 ...
... Software Archive: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.154745 ...
Document
... • Substances synthesized or recycled in the neuron cell body are needed in the axon or at the axon terminals. Two types of transport systems carry materials from the cell body to the axon terminals and back. – Slow axonal transport conveys axoplasm in one direction only – from the cell body toward t ...
... • Substances synthesized or recycled in the neuron cell body are needed in the axon or at the axon terminals. Two types of transport systems carry materials from the cell body to the axon terminals and back. – Slow axonal transport conveys axoplasm in one direction only – from the cell body toward t ...
Digital Selection and Analogue Amplification Coexist in a cortex-inspired silicon circuit
... When we changed the amplitude of the background, the population response remained at the same location with much the same shape in Fig. 2a, but with an amplitude that varied with background amplitude in an approximately linear way (Fig. 2b). Thus, the background modulated the amplitude of the tuning ...
... When we changed the amplitude of the background, the population response remained at the same location with much the same shape in Fig. 2a, but with an amplitude that varied with background amplitude in an approximately linear way (Fig. 2b). Thus, the background modulated the amplitude of the tuning ...
PNS Terminology
... Number and size indicate precision of muscle control Muscle twitch – Single momentary contraction – Response to a single stimulus All-or-none theory – Either contracts completely or not at all ...
... Number and size indicate precision of muscle control Muscle twitch – Single momentary contraction – Response to a single stimulus All-or-none theory – Either contracts completely or not at all ...
LECTURE14.SpinalReflexes
... specific motor cortex neurons with corticospinal projection are active Corticospinal axons branch and synapse on both alpha motor neurons and opposing Ia interneurons Therefore, cortical command promotes muscle contraction and reciprocal muscle inhibition using the spinal reflex circuitry ...
... specific motor cortex neurons with corticospinal projection are active Corticospinal axons branch and synapse on both alpha motor neurons and opposing Ia interneurons Therefore, cortical command promotes muscle contraction and reciprocal muscle inhibition using the spinal reflex circuitry ...
Text S1.
... axonal polarization along L1 at 3 DIV but, initially, any of the 4 growing neurites could have differentiated into an axon. The discrepancy between random choice at 1-2 DIV and axonal preference along L1 at 3 DIV corresponds to failures of polarization along curved lines. It is thus possible to calc ...
... axonal polarization along L1 at 3 DIV but, initially, any of the 4 growing neurites could have differentiated into an axon. The discrepancy between random choice at 1-2 DIV and axonal preference along L1 at 3 DIV corresponds to failures of polarization along curved lines. It is thus possible to calc ...
Neural Correlates Underlying Action-intention and Aim-intention Mauro Adenzato () Cristina Becchio
... The same behavior, performed by the same agent can be initiated for different aims: enlarging the temporal horizon allows us to focus on what the agent aims at by its action. As said above, an aim-intention can be either in the Imode or in the we-mode (Tuomela, 2002). Consider the case of an agent, ...
... The same behavior, performed by the same agent can be initiated for different aims: enlarging the temporal horizon allows us to focus on what the agent aims at by its action. As said above, an aim-intention can be either in the Imode or in the we-mode (Tuomela, 2002). Consider the case of an agent, ...
Ch 31: Urinary System
... Neurotransmitters Types of neurotransmitters: - most neurons make 2 or more NTMs - the number of times per second that a neuron “fires” determines which NTM is actually released - over 50 different NTMs have been identified ...
... Neurotransmitters Types of neurotransmitters: - most neurons make 2 or more NTMs - the number of times per second that a neuron “fires” determines which NTM is actually released - over 50 different NTMs have been identified ...
subjective beings with mental states
... The importance of perspective: the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person Science usually works from a 3rd person perspective: this means that researchers adopt an objective point of view, seeing all evidence as a physical object. Recently, scientists studying human consciousness have argued for using a 1st perso ...
... The importance of perspective: the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person Science usually works from a 3rd person perspective: this means that researchers adopt an objective point of view, seeing all evidence as a physical object. Recently, scientists studying human consciousness have argued for using a 1st perso ...
12-2cut
... 2) extra K+ channels open and lots of K+ flows out This repolarizes membrane 3) Refractory period: time during which original state is regenerated by Na-K pumps. During this time, neuron __________ fire again. ...
... 2) extra K+ channels open and lots of K+ flows out This repolarizes membrane 3) Refractory period: time during which original state is regenerated by Na-K pumps. During this time, neuron __________ fire again. ...