01 - Fort Bend ISD
... 8. When a neuron is activated, a protein called the ____________________ uses energy to move sodium ions out of the cell and bring potassium ions into the cell. 9. A(n) _____________________ is an electrical impulse that results from a change in the distribution of charges across the cell membrane o ...
... 8. When a neuron is activated, a protein called the ____________________ uses energy to move sodium ions out of the cell and bring potassium ions into the cell. 9. A(n) _____________________ is an electrical impulse that results from a change in the distribution of charges across the cell membrane o ...
The Nervous System
... • Do not divide – fetal neurons lose their ability to undergo mitosis; neural stem cells are an exception • High metabolic rate – require abundant oxygen and glucose ...
... • Do not divide – fetal neurons lose their ability to undergo mitosis; neural stem cells are an exception • High metabolic rate – require abundant oxygen and glucose ...
Biological Bases of Behavior : Quiz 1
... a. Na+ leaves the cell. b. Na+ enters the cell. c. K+ enters the cell. d. Cl- leaves the cell. ...
... a. Na+ leaves the cell. b. Na+ enters the cell. c. K+ enters the cell. d. Cl- leaves the cell. ...
the physiological approach
... Na+ channels inactivate (absolute refractory period) – completely unresponsive to a second stimulus Potassium flows out of the axon ...
... Na+ channels inactivate (absolute refractory period) – completely unresponsive to a second stimulus Potassium flows out of the axon ...
Nervous System
... At resting potential, there are many more sodium ions on the outside, so the neuron is negatively charged relative to its external environment. The voltage difference at rest is -70mV. An action potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body (a stimulus). When ...
... At resting potential, there are many more sodium ions on the outside, so the neuron is negatively charged relative to its external environment. The voltage difference at rest is -70mV. An action potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body (a stimulus). When ...
VII. The Nervous System
... cell and binds to receptors on a postsynaptic cells causing it to fire. a) An action potential arriving at the synaptic terminal at the end of an axon causes Ca+2 to rush through voltage sensitive channels b) The sudden in rush of Ca+2 causes synaptic vesicles which contain neurotransmitters to fuse ...
... cell and binds to receptors on a postsynaptic cells causing it to fire. a) An action potential arriving at the synaptic terminal at the end of an axon causes Ca+2 to rush through voltage sensitive channels b) The sudden in rush of Ca+2 causes synaptic vesicles which contain neurotransmitters to fuse ...
ppt
... An action potential is the movement of an electrical impulse along the plasma membrane of an axon. It is an all-or-none phenomenon: if a stimulus causes the axon to depolarize to a certain level (the threshold potential), an action potential occurs. Threshold potentials are usually close to -5 ...
... An action potential is the movement of an electrical impulse along the plasma membrane of an axon. It is an all-or-none phenomenon: if a stimulus causes the axon to depolarize to a certain level (the threshold potential), an action potential occurs. Threshold potentials are usually close to -5 ...
Nervous
... Oligodendrocyte and Schwann cells: a type of glial cell that forms insulating myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. Ion Pumps and Ion Channels Maintain the Resting Potential of a Neuron Every cell has a voltage across its plasma membrane called a membrane potentia ...
... Oligodendrocyte and Schwann cells: a type of glial cell that forms insulating myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. Ion Pumps and Ion Channels Maintain the Resting Potential of a Neuron Every cell has a voltage across its plasma membrane called a membrane potentia ...
Structures and Functions Lecture 2
... • Biosynthetic center of neuron • Synthesizes proteins, membranes, and other chemicals ...
... • Biosynthetic center of neuron • Synthesizes proteins, membranes, and other chemicals ...
3.13
... of a neuron is impermeable to sodium and potassium ions when the cell is in a resting state. In a typical neuron in its resting state, the concentration of Na+ in the interior of the cell is about one-tenth of the extracellular concentration of Na+; the concentration of K+ in the interior of the cel ...
... of a neuron is impermeable to sodium and potassium ions when the cell is in a resting state. In a typical neuron in its resting state, the concentration of Na+ in the interior of the cell is about one-tenth of the extracellular concentration of Na+; the concentration of K+ in the interior of the cel ...
overview of neural f..
... The sodium-potassium pump is an active process that returns & maintains levels of Na+ and K+ ...
... The sodium-potassium pump is an active process that returns & maintains levels of Na+ and K+ ...
The Nervous System
... • Stimulus causes Na+ gates to open. • Na+ influx changes membrane potential. • If Na+ influx is great enough to achieve threshold potential (-50mV), then all Na+ gates open. • “All or none” phenomenon…at threshold, all gates will be opened (below threshold, no extra gates will open) and stimulus is ...
... • Stimulus causes Na+ gates to open. • Na+ influx changes membrane potential. • If Na+ influx is great enough to achieve threshold potential (-50mV), then all Na+ gates open. • “All or none” phenomenon…at threshold, all gates will be opened (below threshold, no extra gates will open) and stimulus is ...
notes during the presentations
... attached to chromosomes, which are attached to spindle fibers, which are attached to centrioles D: nuclear membrane ...
... attached to chromosomes, which are attached to spindle fibers, which are attached to centrioles D: nuclear membrane ...
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... o If depolarization opens voltage-gated sodium channels, the resulting flow of Na+ into the neuron results in further depolarization, causing more sodium channels to open and an even greater flow of current – this is the result of a process of positive feedback o Action potentials are an all-or-noth ...
... o If depolarization opens voltage-gated sodium channels, the resulting flow of Na+ into the neuron results in further depolarization, causing more sodium channels to open and an even greater flow of current – this is the result of a process of positive feedback o Action potentials are an all-or-noth ...
Chapter 2
... Inside is negatively charged with respect to outside (a difference of 70 mV) Inside membrane of axon charge = -70 mV = membrane potential potential is a stored up source of energy Resting potential – the membrane potential of a neuron when it is not being altered by excitatory or inhibitory postsyna ...
... Inside is negatively charged with respect to outside (a difference of 70 mV) Inside membrane of axon charge = -70 mV = membrane potential potential is a stored up source of energy Resting potential – the membrane potential of a neuron when it is not being altered by excitatory or inhibitory postsyna ...
Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... Ions move along gradients of potential energy. What is potential energy? In the neuron, ions are moved by two forces (potential energy): Concentration Gradients: difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the membrane Electrical Gradient: the difference in positive ...
... Ions move along gradients of potential energy. What is potential energy? In the neuron, ions are moved by two forces (potential energy): Concentration Gradients: difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the membrane Electrical Gradient: the difference in positive ...
Nerve and muscle signalling
... • The frequency of spikes within a trains usually encodes the intensity of the sensation or instruction • Trains of spikes are usually interspersed by periods of silence ...
... • The frequency of spikes within a trains usually encodes the intensity of the sensation or instruction • Trains of spikes are usually interspersed by periods of silence ...
Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 48.1: Neuron
... Potassium ions (K+) and sodium ions (Na+) help form resting potential o Each ion type has a concentration gradient across plasma membrane o In mammals: K+ high outside, Na+ high inside Sodium-potassium pumps maintain Na+ and K+ gradients o Use ATP hydrolysis energy to actively transport Na+ out ...
... Potassium ions (K+) and sodium ions (Na+) help form resting potential o Each ion type has a concentration gradient across plasma membrane o In mammals: K+ high outside, Na+ high inside Sodium-potassium pumps maintain Na+ and K+ gradients o Use ATP hydrolysis energy to actively transport Na+ out ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 5.1 Intracellular recording of the
... neuronal processes, showing ionic channels for Na+, K+, Cl−, and Ca2+, as well as an electrogenic Na+– K+ ionic pump (also known as Na+, K+-ATPase). Concentrations (in millimoles except that for intracellular Ca2+) of the ions are given in parentheses; their equilibrium potentials (E) for a typical ...
... neuronal processes, showing ionic channels for Na+, K+, Cl−, and Ca2+, as well as an electrogenic Na+– K+ ionic pump (also known as Na+, K+-ATPase). Concentrations (in millimoles except that for intracellular Ca2+) of the ions are given in parentheses; their equilibrium potentials (E) for a typical ...
action potential presen - Westgate Mennonite Collegiate
... the size of the action potential Action potential is “all or none” response Potentials can summate to elicit or inhibit an action potential Must reach a specific threshold potential to create and action potential that will be propagated ...
... the size of the action potential Action potential is “all or none” response Potentials can summate to elicit or inhibit an action potential Must reach a specific threshold potential to create and action potential that will be propagated ...
Frontiers in , Ph.D. Pharmacology Proudly Presents
... The electrical properties of neurons depend not only on the types of ion channels and receptors expressed, but also on the location of these channels in the cell membrane. Two extreme examples that illustrate the subcellular polarized nature of neurons and the tight regulation of ion channel localiz ...
... The electrical properties of neurons depend not only on the types of ion channels and receptors expressed, but also on the location of these channels in the cell membrane. Two extreme examples that illustrate the subcellular polarized nature of neurons and the tight regulation of ion channel localiz ...
Active Transport vs. Passive Transport both processes move things
... Exocytosis: moves things out of cells by putting substance into vesicle the vesicle moves to cell membrane, fuses with cell membrane, is released to outside of cell these items are moved by bulk transport because they are too large to get in and out of the cell by diffusion examples are proteins, ho ...
... Exocytosis: moves things out of cells by putting substance into vesicle the vesicle moves to cell membrane, fuses with cell membrane, is released to outside of cell these items are moved by bulk transport because they are too large to get in and out of the cell by diffusion examples are proteins, ho ...
Resting potential
The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.Apart from the latter two, which occur in excitable cells (neurons, muscles, and some secretory cells in glands), membrane voltage in the majority of non-excitable cells can also undergo changes in response to environmental or intracellular stimuli. In principle, there is no difference between resting membrane potential and dynamic voltage changes like action potential from a biophysical point of view: all these phenomena are caused by specific changes in membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions, which in turn result from concerted changes in functional activity of various ion channels, ion transporters, and exchangers. Conventionally, resting membrane potential can be defined as a relatively stable, ground value of transmembrane voltage in animal and plant cells.Any voltage is a difference in electric potential between two points—for example, the separation of positive and negative electric charges on opposite sides of a resistive barrier. The typical resting membrane potential of a cell arises from the separation of potassium ions from intracellular, relatively immobile anions across the membrane of the cell. Because the membrane permeability for potassium is much higher than that for other ions (disregarding voltage-gated channels at this stage), and because of the strong chemical gradient for potassium, potassium ions flow from the cytosol into the extracellular space carrying out positive charge, until their movement is balanced by build-up of negative charge on the inner surface of the membrane. Again, because of the high relative permeability for potassium, the resulting membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium ions must first be set up. This work is done by the ion pumps/transporters and/or exchangers and generally is powered by ATP.In the case of the resting membrane potential across an animal cell's plasma membrane, potassium (and sodium) gradients are established by the Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) which transports 2 potassium ions inside and 3 sodium ions outside at the cost of 1 ATP molecule. In other cases, for example, a membrane potential may be established by acidification of the inside of a membranous compartment (such as the proton pump that generates membrane potential across synaptic vesicle membranes).