PP text version
... (pumps three Na+ out for every two K+ it pumps back in) small leak of Na ions in raises membrane potential slightly the Nernst equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion. EK = RT ln [K]o T = temp (oK), and [ion] o = out, i= in are only variables zF [K]i R = gas constant, ...
... (pumps three Na+ out for every two K+ it pumps back in) small leak of Na ions in raises membrane potential slightly the Nernst equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion. EK = RT ln [K]o T = temp (oK), and [ion] o = out, i= in are only variables zF [K]i R = gas constant, ...
1. Impulse Conduction
... Thus there can be more positive ions outside the membrane and more negative ones inside Ions move constantly in fluid in and outside the cell Reason for moving is that ions move naturally from area with high concentration ions to area with lower concentrations Another reason for movement is ...
... Thus there can be more positive ions outside the membrane and more negative ones inside Ions move constantly in fluid in and outside the cell Reason for moving is that ions move naturally from area with high concentration ions to area with lower concentrations Another reason for movement is ...
Cell Membranes - University of Nevada, Las Vegas
... Phosphatidyl inositol – 2nd messenger: inositol triphosphate & diacylglycerol Glycolipids – receptors, antigens – only on outer surface of membrane ...
... Phosphatidyl inositol – 2nd messenger: inositol triphosphate & diacylglycerol Glycolipids – receptors, antigens – only on outer surface of membrane ...
Part 1: True/False
... 5. __ The two main families of neurotransmitter receptors are ligand-gated and neural-gated. 6. __ Postsynaptic responses mediated by G-protein coupled receptors are faster than those mediated through ligand-gated channels. 7. __ NMDA receptors allow passage of large amounts of chloride and calcium ...
... 5. __ The two main families of neurotransmitter receptors are ligand-gated and neural-gated. 6. __ Postsynaptic responses mediated by G-protein coupled receptors are faster than those mediated through ligand-gated channels. 7. __ NMDA receptors allow passage of large amounts of chloride and calcium ...
Syllabus
... Neural repair and aging; stem cells and adult neurogenesis Regeneration in PNS and CNS Molecular basis of behavior and disease Genes, circuits & behavior (Drosophila courtship or C. elegans escape) Gene ...
... Neural repair and aging; stem cells and adult neurogenesis Regeneration in PNS and CNS Molecular basis of behavior and disease Genes, circuits & behavior (Drosophila courtship or C. elegans escape) Gene ...
The Nervous System
... neurons leading to the spinal cord are located in clusters, called ganglia, next to the spinal cord. – The axons usually terminate at ...
... neurons leading to the spinal cord are located in clusters, called ganglia, next to the spinal cord. – The axons usually terminate at ...
Chapter 13: The Nervous System
... membrane when it is not transmitting a nerve impulse. This is usually ___________________________. Like all cells, neurons have a huge supply of ___________________________________________________________ on both sides of the cell membrane. There is a higher the concentration of ________________ ...
... membrane when it is not transmitting a nerve impulse. This is usually ___________________________. Like all cells, neurons have a huge supply of ___________________________________________________________ on both sides of the cell membrane. There is a higher the concentration of ________________ ...
Ch48(2) - ISpatula
... B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential than the terminals of the axon. D) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction. E) Voltage-gated channels for both Na + and K+ open in only one direction. An ...
... B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential than the terminals of the axon. D) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction. E) Voltage-gated channels for both Na + and K+ open in only one direction. An ...
Document
... " Signaling within groups of neurons depends on three (3) basic properties of these cells: ...
... " Signaling within groups of neurons depends on three (3) basic properties of these cells: ...
BIOLOGY II: CHAPTER 9: Neuromuscular Junction
... muscle cell). Potassium ions, K+, diffuse from their higher concentration (inside the muscle cell) to their lower concentration (in the synaptic cleft). 4. Depolarization of the membrane within the motor end plate.. Breakdown of Acetylcholine Acetylcholine diffuses from its receptor site, the ion ch ...
... muscle cell). Potassium ions, K+, diffuse from their higher concentration (inside the muscle cell) to their lower concentration (in the synaptic cleft). 4. Depolarization of the membrane within the motor end plate.. Breakdown of Acetylcholine Acetylcholine diffuses from its receptor site, the ion ch ...
somatic sensation
... Nociceptors are divided in to 4 classes: mechanoreceptors, thermal receptors, chemoreceptors, and polymodal receptors (these respond to all 3 stimuli). Nociceptors are similar to other receptor types but generally respond to higher levels of stimulus. e.g. general thermal receptors respond to temper ...
... Nociceptors are divided in to 4 classes: mechanoreceptors, thermal receptors, chemoreceptors, and polymodal receptors (these respond to all 3 stimuli). Nociceptors are similar to other receptor types but generally respond to higher levels of stimulus. e.g. general thermal receptors respond to temper ...
FUN FACTS ABOUT YOUR BRAIN - the human Central Nervous
... that collects information from other cells Dendritic spine: Small protrusions on dendrites phat increase surface area Nucleus: Central structure containing the chromosome and genes Nuclear membrane: Membrane surrounding the nucleus ...
... that collects information from other cells Dendritic spine: Small protrusions on dendrites phat increase surface area Nucleus: Central structure containing the chromosome and genes Nuclear membrane: Membrane surrounding the nucleus ...
FUN FACTS ABOUT YOUR BRAIN - the human Central Nervous
... that collects information from other cells Dendritic spine: Small protrusions on dendrites phat increase surface area Nucleus: Central structure containing the chromosome and genes Nuclear membrane: Membrane surrounding the nucleus ...
... that collects information from other cells Dendritic spine: Small protrusions on dendrites phat increase surface area Nucleus: Central structure containing the chromosome and genes Nuclear membrane: Membrane surrounding the nucleus ...
NeuroMuscular Junction and Excitation Coupling IP
... ________________ b. The space between the axon terminal and the motor end plate. ________________ c. The swollen distal end of the motor neuron axon. ________________ d. The muscle cell membrane. ________________ e. Structures within the axon terminal that contain the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. ...
... ________________ b. The space between the axon terminal and the motor end plate. ________________ c. The swollen distal end of the motor neuron axon. ________________ d. The muscle cell membrane. ________________ e. Structures within the axon terminal that contain the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. ...
Chapter 3 - Morgan Community College
... Schwann cell cytoplasm & nucleus forms outermost layer of neurolemma with inner portion being the myelin sheath Tube guides growing axons that are repairing themselves ...
... Schwann cell cytoplasm & nucleus forms outermost layer of neurolemma with inner portion being the myelin sheath Tube guides growing axons that are repairing themselves ...
summing-up - Zanichelli online per la scuola
... summing-up 1 How nerve cells function Nerve cells - neurons - carry an ...
... summing-up 1 How nerve cells function Nerve cells - neurons - carry an ...
chapter48
... body functions to maintain homeostasis. The ability of an organism to survive and maintain homeostasis depends largely on how it responds to internal and external stimuli. A stimulus is an agent or a change within the body that can be detected by an organism. Nerve cells are called neurons. These ce ...
... body functions to maintain homeostasis. The ability of an organism to survive and maintain homeostasis depends largely on how it responds to internal and external stimuli. A stimulus is an agent or a change within the body that can be detected by an organism. Nerve cells are called neurons. These ce ...
peripheral nervous system
... When a neuron is not being stimulated, it maintains a resting potential -Ranges from -40 to -90 millivolts (mV) -Average about -70 mV ...
... When a neuron is not being stimulated, it maintains a resting potential -Ranges from -40 to -90 millivolts (mV) -Average about -70 mV ...
Report
... TREK-2 in pain sensing and neuropathy, at the core of our initial hypothesis. Investigation should be further extended to the molecular basis of the MG effect on TRESK, but also to the connection between glycation agents and other K2P channels, in heterologous as well as in native cell expression sy ...
... TREK-2 in pain sensing and neuropathy, at the core of our initial hypothesis. Investigation should be further extended to the molecular basis of the MG effect on TRESK, but also to the connection between glycation agents and other K2P channels, in heterologous as well as in native cell expression sy ...
File
... B. a presynaptic terminal that has secreted an excitatory transmitter into the cleft between the terminal and the neuronal somal membrane 1. Neurotransmitter acts on the membrane excitatory receptor to increase the membrane’s permeability to Na+. Because of the large sodium concentration gradient a ...
... B. a presynaptic terminal that has secreted an excitatory transmitter into the cleft between the terminal and the neuronal somal membrane 1. Neurotransmitter acts on the membrane excitatory receptor to increase the membrane’s permeability to Na+. Because of the large sodium concentration gradient a ...
Neurons and synapses..
... A brief recovery period occurs during which the nerve cell membrane cannot be stimulated to carry impulses. This refractory period lasts a few thousandths of a second. The rate at which an impulse travels depends on the size of the nerve and whether or not it is myelinated (unmyelinated = 2 m/s an ...
... A brief recovery period occurs during which the nerve cell membrane cannot be stimulated to carry impulses. This refractory period lasts a few thousandths of a second. The rate at which an impulse travels depends on the size of the nerve and whether or not it is myelinated (unmyelinated = 2 m/s an ...
Resting potential
The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.Apart from the latter two, which occur in excitable cells (neurons, muscles, and some secretory cells in glands), membrane voltage in the majority of non-excitable cells can also undergo changes in response to environmental or intracellular stimuli. In principle, there is no difference between resting membrane potential and dynamic voltage changes like action potential from a biophysical point of view: all these phenomena are caused by specific changes in membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions, which in turn result from concerted changes in functional activity of various ion channels, ion transporters, and exchangers. Conventionally, resting membrane potential can be defined as a relatively stable, ground value of transmembrane voltage in animal and plant cells.Any voltage is a difference in electric potential between two points—for example, the separation of positive and negative electric charges on opposite sides of a resistive barrier. The typical resting membrane potential of a cell arises from the separation of potassium ions from intracellular, relatively immobile anions across the membrane of the cell. Because the membrane permeability for potassium is much higher than that for other ions (disregarding voltage-gated channels at this stage), and because of the strong chemical gradient for potassium, potassium ions flow from the cytosol into the extracellular space carrying out positive charge, until their movement is balanced by build-up of negative charge on the inner surface of the membrane. Again, because of the high relative permeability for potassium, the resulting membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium ions must first be set up. This work is done by the ion pumps/transporters and/or exchangers and generally is powered by ATP.In the case of the resting membrane potential across an animal cell's plasma membrane, potassium (and sodium) gradients are established by the Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) which transports 2 potassium ions inside and 3 sodium ions outside at the cost of 1 ATP molecule. In other cases, for example, a membrane potential may be established by acidification of the inside of a membranous compartment (such as the proton pump that generates membrane potential across synaptic vesicle membranes).