Chapter 10
... polarized = electrically charged: – Consequently, a potential difference (PD) exists across this resting cell membrane ...
... polarized = electrically charged: – Consequently, a potential difference (PD) exists across this resting cell membrane ...
Document
... -Dendrites = Short, cytoplasmic extensions that receive stimuli -Axon = Single, long extension that conducts impulses away from cell body ...
... -Dendrites = Short, cytoplasmic extensions that receive stimuli -Axon = Single, long extension that conducts impulses away from cell body ...
week4am
... The membranes have channels (to allow ions in or out) Ions – molecules with a charge These channels can be open or shut ...
... The membranes have channels (to allow ions in or out) Ions – molecules with a charge These channels can be open or shut ...
A. Cellular Physiology a. Describe the cell membrane and its
... transport usually of large, non-ionized molecules down a concentration/electrical gradient across the cell membrane via membrane proteins. e.g. glucose uptake active transport transport of molecules or ions against of concentration or electrical gradient, usually mediated by ATPase proteins in the c ...
... transport usually of large, non-ionized molecules down a concentration/electrical gradient across the cell membrane via membrane proteins. e.g. glucose uptake active transport transport of molecules or ions against of concentration or electrical gradient, usually mediated by ATPase proteins in the c ...
Hair cells
... damage is most likely to occur Temperature extremes affect the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel -Produces depolarization by an inward flow of Na+ and Ca2+, which in turn causes the sensory neuron to fire -Leads to a release of glutamate and an EPSP in neurons in spinal cord, which ulti ...
... damage is most likely to occur Temperature extremes affect the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel -Produces depolarization by an inward flow of Na+ and Ca2+, which in turn causes the sensory neuron to fire -Leads to a release of glutamate and an EPSP in neurons in spinal cord, which ulti ...
sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
... 6. Outline the path of a nerve impulse through a reflex arc. (5) ...
... 6. Outline the path of a nerve impulse through a reflex arc. (5) ...
Anat3_01_Nervous_Tissue
... It occurs as the result of disorders such as multiple sclerosis or Tay-Sachs disease. Radiation and chemotherapy can also damage the ...
... It occurs as the result of disorders such as multiple sclerosis or Tay-Sachs disease. Radiation and chemotherapy can also damage the ...
chapter 44 lecture slides
... • Sodium–potassium pump creates significant concentration gradient • Concentration of K+ is much higher inside the cell • Membrane not permeable to negative ions • Leads to buildup of positive charges outside and negative charges inside cell • Attractive force to bring K+ back inside cell • Equilibr ...
... • Sodium–potassium pump creates significant concentration gradient • Concentration of K+ is much higher inside the cell • Membrane not permeable to negative ions • Leads to buildup of positive charges outside and negative charges inside cell • Attractive force to bring K+ back inside cell • Equilibr ...
chapter 44 lecture slides
... • Sodium–potassium pump creates significant concentration gradient • Concentration of K+ is much higher inside the cell • Membrane not permeable to negative ions • Leads to buildup of positive charges outside and negative charges inside cell • Attractive force to bring K+ back inside cell • Equilibr ...
... • Sodium–potassium pump creates significant concentration gradient • Concentration of K+ is much higher inside the cell • Membrane not permeable to negative ions • Leads to buildup of positive charges outside and negative charges inside cell • Attractive force to bring K+ back inside cell • Equilibr ...
nerve impulse
... surface is produced by ion transport mechanisms and the membrane’s permeability characteristics The membrane’s selective permeability characteristics help maintain a slight excess of positive ions on the outer surface of the membrane (Figure 12-15) Sodium-potassium pump (Figure 12-16) Active t ...
... surface is produced by ion transport mechanisms and the membrane’s permeability characteristics The membrane’s selective permeability characteristics help maintain a slight excess of positive ions on the outer surface of the membrane (Figure 12-15) Sodium-potassium pump (Figure 12-16) Active t ...
Lecture 5 Transmitters and receptors lecture 2015
... 6.15 Neuropeptides vary in length, but usually contain between 3 and 36 amino acids. ...
... 6.15 Neuropeptides vary in length, but usually contain between 3 and 36 amino acids. ...
Sher`s Neurology Pre-Quiz Quiz
... 13. Sensory, motor, mixed. It means info can come in & go out. 14. Cervical = 8 pairs, Thoracic = 12 pairs, Lumbar = 5 pairs, Sacral = 5 pairs, Coccyx = 1 (single) TOTAL = 30 pairs plus 1 15. Grey & white 16. Grey inside, white outside 17. Nerve cell bodies, interneurons 18. Fibre tracts & glia 19. ...
... 13. Sensory, motor, mixed. It means info can come in & go out. 14. Cervical = 8 pairs, Thoracic = 12 pairs, Lumbar = 5 pairs, Sacral = 5 pairs, Coccyx = 1 (single) TOTAL = 30 pairs plus 1 15. Grey & white 16. Grey inside, white outside 17. Nerve cell bodies, interneurons 18. Fibre tracts & glia 19. ...
The Nerve Impulse
... • The membrane refers to the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment. • The nucleus refers to the structure that contains the chromosomes. • The mitochondria are the strucures that perform metabolic activities and provides energy that the cells requires. • Riboso ...
... • The membrane refers to the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment. • The nucleus refers to the structure that contains the chromosomes. • The mitochondria are the strucures that perform metabolic activities and provides energy that the cells requires. • Riboso ...
The Nerve Impulse
... • The membrane refers to the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment. • The nucleus refers to the structure that contains the chromosomes. • The mitochondria are the strucures that perform metabolic activities and provides energy that the cells requires. • Riboso ...
... • The membrane refers to the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment. • The nucleus refers to the structure that contains the chromosomes. • The mitochondria are the strucures that perform metabolic activities and provides energy that the cells requires. • Riboso ...
primary motor Cortex
... The voltage-gated K+ channel has only one gate, which is typically closed at the resting membrane potential. This gate also opens in response to depolarization of the membrane toward zero. However, unlike the activation gate of the voltagegated Na+ channel that opens very quickly, this gate opens ve ...
... The voltage-gated K+ channel has only one gate, which is typically closed at the resting membrane potential. This gate also opens in response to depolarization of the membrane toward zero. However, unlike the activation gate of the voltagegated Na+ channel that opens very quickly, this gate opens ve ...
6419982_1441921514
... Injury in the CNS stimulates growth of axon collaterals, but central axons have a much more limited ability to regenerate than peripheral axons. This may be due in part to the absence of a continuous neurilemma (as is present in the PNS), which precludes the formation of a regeneration tube, and to ...
... Injury in the CNS stimulates growth of axon collaterals, but central axons have a much more limited ability to regenerate than peripheral axons. This may be due in part to the absence of a continuous neurilemma (as is present in the PNS), which precludes the formation of a regeneration tube, and to ...
Anatomy, composition and physiology of neuron, dendrite, axon,and
... Brain has at least two types of neuronal map/ motor and sensory maps/ which are interconnected with each other by interneuron. The neurons that make up these map do not differ greatly in their electrical properties. Rather, They have different function because of the connections they make. deploymen ...
... Brain has at least two types of neuronal map/ motor and sensory maps/ which are interconnected with each other by interneuron. The neurons that make up these map do not differ greatly in their electrical properties. Rather, They have different function because of the connections they make. deploymen ...
1. Cell body
... • The cell membrane leaks K+ back out of the cell – Facilitated Diffusion – Causing the relatively negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside (-70mV) ...
... • The cell membrane leaks K+ back out of the cell – Facilitated Diffusion – Causing the relatively negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside (-70mV) ...
Chapter 12 Nervous System Cells
... Nerve Impulses • Membrane potentials – All living cells maintain a difference in the concentration of ions across their membranes – Membrane potential—slight excess of positively charged ions on outside of the membrane and slight deficiency of positively charged ions on inside of membrane (Figure 1 ...
... Nerve Impulses • Membrane potentials – All living cells maintain a difference in the concentration of ions across their membranes – Membrane potential—slight excess of positively charged ions on outside of the membrane and slight deficiency of positively charged ions on inside of membrane (Figure 1 ...
Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue
... • Negative ions along inside of cell membrane & positive ions along outside – potential energy difference at rest is -70 mV – cell is “polarized” ...
... • Negative ions along inside of cell membrane & positive ions along outside – potential energy difference at rest is -70 mV – cell is “polarized” ...
Neurons
... Modeling the Resting Potential • Resting potential can be modeled by an artificial membrane that separates two chambers – The concentration of KCl is higher in the inner chamber and lower in the outer chamber ...
... Modeling the Resting Potential • Resting potential can be modeled by an artificial membrane that separates two chambers – The concentration of KCl is higher in the inner chamber and lower in the outer chamber ...
chapter_12 - The Anatomy Academy
... electrical potential - different concentrations of charged particles in different parts of the cell electrical current - flow of charged particles from one point to another within the cell ...
... electrical potential - different concentrations of charged particles in different parts of the cell electrical current - flow of charged particles from one point to another within the cell ...
Neurotransmitter proteins
... 2) List the 3 main parts and describe the purpose of the 3 main parts of a neuron. 3) Describe the internal and external environment of a neuron in resting potential. 4) What is a synapse and why is it a problem for neurons? 5) What are the roles of the following during an action ...
... 2) List the 3 main parts and describe the purpose of the 3 main parts of a neuron. 3) Describe the internal and external environment of a neuron in resting potential. 4) What is a synapse and why is it a problem for neurons? 5) What are the roles of the following during an action ...
Chapter 44
... • Sodium–potassium pump creates significant concentration gradient • Concentration of K+ is much higher inside the cell • Membrane not permeable to negative ions • Leads to buildup of positive charges outside and negative charges inside cell • Attractive force to bring K+ back inside cell • Equilibr ...
... • Sodium–potassium pump creates significant concentration gradient • Concentration of K+ is much higher inside the cell • Membrane not permeable to negative ions • Leads to buildup of positive charges outside and negative charges inside cell • Attractive force to bring K+ back inside cell • Equilibr ...
The Nervous System
... membrane has repolarized to near threshold levels. The voltage-gated potassium channels begin closing as the membrane reaches the normal resting potential (about –70 mV). Until all have closed, potassium ions continue to leave the cell. This produces a brief ...
... membrane has repolarized to near threshold levels. The voltage-gated potassium channels begin closing as the membrane reaches the normal resting potential (about –70 mV). Until all have closed, potassium ions continue to leave the cell. This produces a brief ...
Resting potential
The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.Apart from the latter two, which occur in excitable cells (neurons, muscles, and some secretory cells in glands), membrane voltage in the majority of non-excitable cells can also undergo changes in response to environmental or intracellular stimuli. In principle, there is no difference between resting membrane potential and dynamic voltage changes like action potential from a biophysical point of view: all these phenomena are caused by specific changes in membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions, which in turn result from concerted changes in functional activity of various ion channels, ion transporters, and exchangers. Conventionally, resting membrane potential can be defined as a relatively stable, ground value of transmembrane voltage in animal and plant cells.Any voltage is a difference in electric potential between two points—for example, the separation of positive and negative electric charges on opposite sides of a resistive barrier. The typical resting membrane potential of a cell arises from the separation of potassium ions from intracellular, relatively immobile anions across the membrane of the cell. Because the membrane permeability for potassium is much higher than that for other ions (disregarding voltage-gated channels at this stage), and because of the strong chemical gradient for potassium, potassium ions flow from the cytosol into the extracellular space carrying out positive charge, until their movement is balanced by build-up of negative charge on the inner surface of the membrane. Again, because of the high relative permeability for potassium, the resulting membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium ions must first be set up. This work is done by the ion pumps/transporters and/or exchangers and generally is powered by ATP.In the case of the resting membrane potential across an animal cell's plasma membrane, potassium (and sodium) gradients are established by the Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) which transports 2 potassium ions inside and 3 sodium ions outside at the cost of 1 ATP molecule. In other cases, for example, a membrane potential may be established by acidification of the inside of a membranous compartment (such as the proton pump that generates membrane potential across synaptic vesicle membranes).