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proforma for registration of subjects for dissertation
proforma for registration of subjects for dissertation

... result of thrombosis, or development of coronary spasm. It is well known that myocardial ischemia results in the loss of contractile function and produces myocardial damage as a consequence of cell death.1 Oxygen-free radical formation and intracellular Ca2+ overload are strongly implicated as impor ...
Effect of Mechanical Assist Devices for Ischemic Myocardial Damage
Effect of Mechanical Assist Devices for Ischemic Myocardial Damage

... On the other hand, percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) is inferior in left ventricle unloading in comparison with LVAD, but the use of PCPS has become clinically widespread, such as in emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation, because of its simplicity.6,7) However, the timing as to when to w ...
proforma for registration of subjects for dissertation
proforma for registration of subjects for dissertation

... result of thrombosis, or development of coronary spasm. It is well known that myocardial ischemia results in the loss of contractile function and produces myocardial damage as a consequence of cell death.1 Oxygen-free radical formation and intracellular Ca2+ overload are strongly implicated as impor ...
Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries

... In congenitally corrected transposition situs solitus {SLL}, the outflow tracts of the ventricles are most often in a parallel position, although other relationships do exist (crisscross or inferosuperior position). The entire ventricular mass is frequently abnormally located within the thorax, the ...
Optimized Energy Delivery for Successful Defibrillation
Optimized Energy Delivery for Successful Defibrillation

... defibrillation attempts. Cardiac Science’s STAR Biphasic waveform was designed with one principle in mind: optimized energy delivery. When a person experiences cardiac arrest - the sudden onset of chaotic and unproductive heart activity - defibrillation is the only definitive treatment for restoring ...
For Peer Review
For Peer Review

... The SV was higher in athletes (140±4 ml, range 115–157, p=0.009) and lower in patients (72±7 ml, range 43–121, p<0.001) compared to controls (116±6 ml, range 77–152), Fig. 5. The SV indexed to body surface area was also higher in athletes (74±2 ml/m², range 65–83, p<0.001), and lower in patients (36 ...
Intraoperative Recording of Specialized Atrioventricular Conduction
Intraoperative Recording of Specialized Atrioventricular Conduction

... AV conduction tissue was explored with a hand-held probe 3-5 mm in diameter, with three biopolar pairs of electrodes (1 mm apart). The patients' esophageal temperatures were maintained between 30-37°C. Each bipolar pair of electrodes was connected to a Hewlett-Packard high impedance differential amp ...
the size of the left atrium in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
the size of the left atrium in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

... Atrial fibrillation is common supraventricular arrhythmia associated with arterial hypertension. The mechanisms that affect arterial hypertension causing atrial fibrillation are various and include: left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, left ventricle impaired function and left atrial e ...
Diastolic Dysfunction
Diastolic Dysfunction

... The bottom portion of the instantaneous pressurevolume loop (Fig. 2B, arrows) is sometimes used to quantify passive ventricular properties (8,24), but it is important to note that this is distinctly different from the true EDPVR. In particular, at high filling pressures such as may exist in the hear ...
Depolarization and Repolarization
Depolarization and Repolarization

... of >1mm and longer than 80 milliseconds following the Jpoint. This measure has a false positive rate of 15-20% (which is slightly higher in women than men) and a false negative rate of 20-30%. • ST depression may be associated with hypokalemia or digitalis toxicity. ...
Acute management of sudden cardiac death in adults based upon
Acute management of sudden cardiac death in adults based upon

... there is a need for immediate compressions to generate blood flow and partially replete the membrane’s energy required for generation of an organized rhythm. It has been recently shown that when the time between the emergency call and the paramedic arrival is longer than 4–5 min, CPR first, before sho ...
Taser X26 Discharges in Swine: Ventricular
Taser X26 Discharges in Swine: Ventricular

... strong muscle contractions, and incapacitation of volitional movement. The manufacturer also states that, under a 400 ohm load, this device produces 90 microsecond pulses at 1200 V with a peak current of 3.5 A and 2.1 mA timeaveraged current. However, Webster11 and others10,12 assert that higher vol ...
Community Initiatives Toolkit
Community Initiatives Toolkit

... someone in cardiopulmonary arrest, the greater the chance of a successful resuscitation. By performing CPR, you keep oxygenated blood flowing to the heart and brain until a defibrillator becomes available. As approximately 80% of all cardiac arrests occur in the home, community training programs can ...
faq - Allens Training
faq - Allens Training

... The assessment of a pulse is also controversial. This issue has previously been discussed in detail. It is reasonable for practitioners taught to feel a pulse to do so as part of the assessment for signs of life, but to limit the total time taken to 10 seconds. Why is a single shock technique being ...
Early trabeculation and closure of the interventricular foramen in
Early trabeculation and closure of the interventricular foramen in

... In the present study the ventricular trabeculation was found in all embryos at stage 13 (the beginning of the 5th week). This is in accordance with descriptions of O’Rahilly and Müller [26]. It has to be pointed out that the trabeculations in the left ventricle are thicker and the centripetal growth ...
ecg interpretation [f04]
ecg interpretation [f04]

... Sodium rapidly enters the cell through fast channels, calcium enters through slower channels, and potassium exits. ...
EKG Interpretation WWW.RN.ORG ®
EKG Interpretation WWW.RN.ORG ®

... These electrical impulses are generated in a specific sequence, and are the impulses that generate the wave tracing that comprise the cardiac rhythm strip. This specific sequence gives us the basic foundation by which rhythm strip analysis in conducted. The sinoatrial node (SA) is the primary pacem ...
EKG Interpretation
EKG Interpretation

... These electrical impulses are generated in a specific sequence, and are the impulses that generate the wave tracing that comprise the cardiac rhythm strip. This specific sequence gives us the basic foundation by which rhythm strip analysis in conducted. The sinoatrial node (SA) is the primary pacema ...
Nandrolone and resistance training induce heart remodeling: Role
Nandrolone and resistance training induce heart remodeling: Role

... Aims: This study was conducted to assess the isolated and combined effects of nandrolone and resistance training on cardiac morphology, function, and mRNA expression of pathological cardiac hypertrophy markers. Main methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and submitted to 6 weeks ...
Module I E.C.G. RHYTHM INTERPRETATION
Module I E.C.G. RHYTHM INTERPRETATION

... Anatomy and Physiology The cardiac conduction system is comprised of specialized tissues that unlike muscle tissue located elsewhere in the body can 1: generate electrical impulses (automaticity) and 2: conduct electrical impulses (conductivity). The cardiac muscle tissue is similar to other tissue ...
correspondence course of the
correspondence course of the

... time required for a cell to die after the oxygen supply has stopped depends upon several factors. One of the most important factors is the type of cell involved. Brain cells are the most sensitive. Permanent brain damage usually occurs if the oxygen supply is stopped for more than 4 minutes. The fol ...
Characterisation of the human embryonic and foetal epicardium
Characterisation of the human embryonic and foetal epicardium

... embryos), a time point coinciding with looping of the human embryonic heart (Hirakow, 1992; Sylva et al., 2014). To further characterise the development of the embryonic epicardium, we analysed Haematoxylin and Eosin-stained serial sections of paraffin-embedded human hearts at stages CS11 to CS14 (b ...
Print - Circulation
Print - Circulation

... ECG tracing, on tape by use of a Sangamo Sabre IV highdensity recorder (Fairchild Weston Systems). Spontaneous rhythm was recorded continuously for 60 minutes, during which time each dog demonstrated PVCs, couplets, and runs of VT at a rate comparable to that detected in the conscious state by Holte ...
Regulation of Ventricular Contraction
Regulation of Ventricular Contraction

... ment of the right panel (after 1 infusion). The same series of frequency graded stimuli of arterial pressure was small during stellate were then once again applied with the reganglion stimulation, the increased contracsults seen in the right panel of figure 2. This tility being evidenced primarily b ...
Magnetic VT study: a prospective, multicenter, post-market
Magnetic VT study: a prospective, multicenter, post-market

... noninvasive ways to determine scar burden (6,7). For EAS, the most common use is endocardial areas with a bipolar voltage less than 1.5 mV (3). 3D EAS can be eliminated using one of many substrate-based ablation (SBA) strategies. One SBA strategy, called late potential abolition, targets scar areas ...
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Ventricular fibrillation



Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is a condition in which there is uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly. Ventricular fibrillation is the most commonly identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients. While there is some activity, the lay person is usually unable to detect it by palpating (feeling) the major pulse points of the carotid and femoral arteries. Such an arrhythmia is only confirmed by electrocardiography. Ventricular fibrillation is a medical emergency that requires prompt Advanced Life Support interventions. If this arrhythmia continues for more than a few seconds, it will likely degenerate further into asystole (""flatline""). This condition results in cardiogenic shock and cessation of effective blood circulation. As a consequence, sudden cardiac death (SCD) will result in a matter of minutes. If the patient is not revived after a sufficient period (within roughly 5 minutes at room temperature), the patient could sustain irreversible brain damage and possibly become brain-dead, due to the effects of cerebral hypoxia. On the other hand, death often occurs if sinus rhythm is not restored within 90 seconds of the onset of VF, especially if it has degenerated further into asystole.
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