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Cardiac Ablations - Penn State Hershey
Cardiac Ablations - Penn State Hershey

... riding in the car as much as possible during this time. You may, however, walk and participate in other low-level activities immediately. ...
GIANT Flutter Waves in ECG Lead V1: a Marker of Pulmonary
GIANT Flutter Waves in ECG Lead V1: a Marker of Pulmonary

... flutter waves. None of the patients had atrial fibrillation in the time frame of their atrial flutter. There was no underlying left heart disease in the three patients with primary pulmonary hypertension or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Representative ECGs from three of the patients are shown [figu ...
Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation: Avoiding Morbidity
Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation: Avoiding Morbidity

... channel blockers may provide control of the heart rate in atrial fibrillation by slowing conduction down the AV node while the dihydropyridines are largely ineffective in that regard. Compared to beta-blockers, non-dihydropiridine calcium channel blockers alone do not appear quite as efficacious as ...
GIANT Flutter Waves in ECG Lead V1: a Marker of Pulmonary
GIANT Flutter Waves in ECG Lead V1: a Marker of Pulmonary

... flutter waves. None of the patients had atrial fibrillation in the time frame of their atrial flutter. There was no underlying left heart disease in the three patients with primary pulmonary hypertension or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Representative ECGs from three of the patients are shown [figu ...
1. drugs are used to treat arrhythmias
1. drugs are used to treat arrhythmias

... 2. Antiarrhythmics are categorized into ______ classes; Class I, II, III and IV. 3. Class I antiarrhythmics, the largest group of antiarrhythmic drugs, consist of ________________ channel blockers. 4. ________________, an AV nodal-blocking agent used to treat PSVT is an antiarrhythmic not listed in ...
Risk factors for atrial fibrillation
Risk factors for atrial fibrillation

... approach [2, 3]. The so-called ‘classical’ AF risk factors include advanced age, male sex, valvular disease, heart failure, hypertension and thyroid disease. In patients with one of the above mentioned disorders, arrhythmia is due to complicated changes in atria structure, and local inflammatory pro ...
Images and Case Reports in Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
Images and Case Reports in Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

... Before attempting transseptal puncture, 3D TEE was used to visualize the dimensions and orientation of the left atrial appendage (Figure 1A). The 3D TEE guidance was then used to orient left atrial access via the posterior interatrial septum, thus ensuring subsequent coaxial entry into the left atri ...
Cryoablation Lesion with Atrial Arrhythmia after Fontan Operation
Cryoablation Lesion with Atrial Arrhythmia after Fontan Operation

... (mainly K ion) responsible for repolarization. • Medications including amiodarone, bretylium, sotalol prolong the QT interval, useful in treating almost all types of supraventricular & ventricular arrhythmias, but bretylium generally limited to use in ischemic ventricular arrhythmia. • Side effects ...
Krok Module 4 Physiology of blood and blood circulation
Krok Module 4 Physiology of blood and blood circulation

... 9. An aged man had raise of arterial pressure under a stress. It was caused by activation of: A. *Sympathoadrenal system B. Parasympathetic nucleus of vagus C. Functions of thyroid gland D. Functions of adrenal cortex E. Hypophysis function 10. ECG study showed that the T-waves were positive in the ...
rate control
rate control

... I ) Adenosine A1 receptor agonist. ...
Introduction
Introduction

... Parasympathetic (vagal) stimulation, for instance, with carotid sinus stimulation. Stimulation of carotid sinus baroreceptors results in increased parasympathetic stimulation that decreases the heart rate. Sick sinus syndrome or sinoatrial (SA) node disease. These are rhythm disorders that occur if ...
How the heart works - Appoquinimink High School
How the heart works - Appoquinimink High School

... fibers coordinates the contraction and relaxation of the cardiac muscle tissue to obtain an efficient, wave-like pumping action of the heart. ...
EKG Update
EKG Update

... node, has narrow complex. Associated with inferior MI. Look for group beating due to shortening of RR interval. Non-conducted P wave is < 2 RR. 2nd strip: Mobitz 2. PR unchanged with dropped QRS. Block is in His and may have wide complex. Associated with anterior MI. atropine 3rd strip: 2:1. Could b ...
King Saud University College of Pharmacy Pharmacology
King Saud University College of Pharmacy Pharmacology

... • Relatively constant PP intervals and RR intervals • Greater number of P waves than QRS complexes. With most forms of bradycardia, treatment may not be necessary unless the patient is hemodynamically unstable (decreased blood pressure, shock, pulmonary congestion etc.). If the patient is hemodynami ...
Between Scylla and Charybdis: a choice between
Between Scylla and Charybdis: a choice between

... alternative pacing sites, to preserve ventricular performance. Although the advantage of a regular ventricular response seems to be important[2], RV apical stimulation is not physiological because normal ventricular activation along the natural conduction system is bypassed and the ventricles are ac ...
The Equine Heart Part 2 - Steinbeck Country Equine Clinic
The Equine Heart Part 2 - Steinbeck Country Equine Clinic

... ECG of a horse in atrial fibrillation. Note random distribution of QRS complexes (red arrows) with no associated P-waves and the presence of an undulating baseline (‘f-waves’, blue brackets) ...
ECG interpretations
ECG interpretations

... none for 7th QRS 0.14 s 0.08 s (7th wide) ...
Managing Acute Dysrhythmias ALS Guideline 11.9
Managing Acute Dysrhythmias ALS Guideline 11.9

... arrhythmia may arise in an otherwise normal heart or in the setting of major structural abnormalities (especially of the heart valves) or systemic disease states. This arrhythmia occurs with increasing frequency in older patient groups where it is often associated with underlying disease process. Th ...
Heart block simplified
Heart block simplified

... activity). Instead, both rhythms coexist each at a different, but regular, rate. The atrial rate tends to be faster than the QRS rate. The QRS complexes present in the example are broad. They are therefore likely to originate from lower down in the bundle of His. This slower rhythm can originate fro ...
electrical conduction in the heart
electrical conduction in the heart

... • The Sinoatrial node (SA node), is a group of autorhythmic cells (main pacemaker of the heart) in the right atrium near the entry of the superior vena cava. • An internodal pathway connects the SA node to the atrioventricular node (AV node), a group of autorhythmic cells found near the floor of the ...
投影片 1
投影片 1

... Flecainide Digoxin Clonidine Magnesium ...
TREATMENT OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY in patient with
TREATMENT OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY in patient with

... profession: the lawyer abuse: smoking ...
Cardiology.Part2.GNRS5
Cardiology.Part2.GNRS5

... • Symptoms related to AF are highly variable  Most common: palpitations, shortness of breath, or impaired exercise tolerance ...
Atrial Fibrillation - Ulster Medical Society
Atrial Fibrillation - Ulster Medical Society

... Persistent ...
Advanced Cardiac Life Support 2000
Advanced Cardiac Life Support 2000

... • Synchronize for any perfusing rhythm – Avoids precipitating ventricular fibrillation – Hold buttons down ...
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Atrial fibrillation



Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.
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