Young Scientist Program Anatomy Teaching Team
... If someone has a very bad heart condition these sounds will be very different from the normal “lub‐ dub”, and may even involve other sounds. In many older people the valves of the heart get very stiff and ridgid. This can lead to conditions called stenosis (where the valve does not close all the w ...
... If someone has a very bad heart condition these sounds will be very different from the normal “lub‐ dub”, and may even involve other sounds. In many older people the valves of the heart get very stiff and ridgid. This can lead to conditions called stenosis (where the valve does not close all the w ...
No Slide Title
... PHYSIOLOGY: When the skin is challenged by cold, the first thing that happens is the smooth muscle surrounding the small arteries and arterioles going from the cutaneous plexus through the reticular layer to the papillary plexus constrict to conserve body heat. This action shunts the blood away from ...
... PHYSIOLOGY: When the skin is challenged by cold, the first thing that happens is the smooth muscle surrounding the small arteries and arterioles going from the cutaneous plexus through the reticular layer to the papillary plexus constrict to conserve body heat. This action shunts the blood away from ...
Circulatory System
... atria continue to fill with blood AV valves open semi-lunar valves closed ...
... atria continue to fill with blood AV valves open semi-lunar valves closed ...
CHRONIC HEART FAILURE Ivabradine
... In South London, ivabradine should be considered as an option in line with its licensed indication and supporting NICE guidance (TA267, 2012). Use is only recommended if all the following criteria are met: • Left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of ≤35% and NYHA class II-IV ...
... In South London, ivabradine should be considered as an option in line with its licensed indication and supporting NICE guidance (TA267, 2012). Use is only recommended if all the following criteria are met: • Left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of ≤35% and NYHA class II-IV ...
first-degree_heart_block
... work in a coordinated fashion; the normal control or “pacemaker” of the heart is the sinoatrial (SA) node, which starts the electrical impulse to begin the coordinated contraction of the heart muscles—the electrical impulse causes the atria to contract, pumping blood into the ventricles; the electri ...
... work in a coordinated fashion; the normal control or “pacemaker” of the heart is the sinoatrial (SA) node, which starts the electrical impulse to begin the coordinated contraction of the heart muscles—the electrical impulse causes the atria to contract, pumping blood into the ventricles; the electri ...
Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in patients with paroxysmal atrial
... In the present study, hyperthyroidism is the most common disorder; with higher prevalence in women than in men. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was found in about 25% patients with paroxysmal AF. In Framingham Heart study participants, low serum TSH concentrations due to endogenous or exogenous causes w ...
... In the present study, hyperthyroidism is the most common disorder; with higher prevalence in women than in men. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was found in about 25% patients with paroxysmal AF. In Framingham Heart study participants, low serum TSH concentrations due to endogenous or exogenous causes w ...
First-Degree Heart Block
... work in a coordinated fashion; the normal control or “pacemaker” of the heart is the sinoatrial (SA) node, which starts the electrical impulse to begin the coordinated contraction of the heart muscles—the electrical impulse causes the atria to contract, pumping blood into the ventricles; the electri ...
... work in a coordinated fashion; the normal control or “pacemaker” of the heart is the sinoatrial (SA) node, which starts the electrical impulse to begin the coordinated contraction of the heart muscles—the electrical impulse causes the atria to contract, pumping blood into the ventricles; the electri ...
sinus arrhythmia
... (3) f waves: irregular in size, shape, best seen in lead V1; (4) Rate of f waves is 350 - 600/min ; (5) Irregularly irregular ventricular rate; (6) Generally, duration of QRS complex <0.12sec; ...
... (3) f waves: irregular in size, shape, best seen in lead V1; (4) Rate of f waves is 350 - 600/min ; (5) Irregularly irregular ventricular rate; (6) Generally, duration of QRS complex <0.12sec; ...
Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias
... such that spontaneous action potentials are generated Pacemaker cells have the specialized conducting system that possess natural automaticity In the normal heart, the dominant pacemaker is the sinoatrial node; native pacemaker Altered Impulse Formation Arrhythmias may arise from altered impul ...
... such that spontaneous action potentials are generated Pacemaker cells have the specialized conducting system that possess natural automaticity In the normal heart, the dominant pacemaker is the sinoatrial node; native pacemaker Altered Impulse Formation Arrhythmias may arise from altered impul ...
Properties of cardiac muscle Properties of Cardiac Muscle
... (c) Second-degree heart block. Some P waves are not conducted through the AV node; hence more P than QRS waves are seen. In this tracing, the ratio of P waves to QRS waves is mostly 2:1. ...
... (c) Second-degree heart block. Some P waves are not conducted through the AV node; hence more P than QRS waves are seen. In this tracing, the ratio of P waves to QRS waves is mostly 2:1. ...
File
... • Regular ventricular rhythm • The wider the QRS of the ventricular escape rhythm the less reliable the escape mechanism. • AF with complete heart block can be easily missed and is an indication for a permanent pacemaker ...
... • Regular ventricular rhythm • The wider the QRS of the ventricular escape rhythm the less reliable the escape mechanism. • AF with complete heart block can be easily missed and is an indication for a permanent pacemaker ...
Patient Info SVT
... blockers (diltiazem, verapamil). Antiarrhythmic medications, such as flecainide and propafenone, may also be effective. However, catheter ablation is often considered early in the management plan because it is highly effective and is a relatively low risk procedure in most patients. In patients with ...
... blockers (diltiazem, verapamil). Antiarrhythmic medications, such as flecainide and propafenone, may also be effective. However, catheter ablation is often considered early in the management plan because it is highly effective and is a relatively low risk procedure in most patients. In patients with ...
The Evolution of ICD Therapy:
... Decreased QRS voltage Fusion beat Dislodged/fractured lead Inappropriate sensitivity setting ...
... Decreased QRS voltage Fusion beat Dislodged/fractured lead Inappropriate sensitivity setting ...
provisional programme
... There is a separate document introducing the ECG, with test-yourself examples. There are three types of cardiomyopathy- dilated (the commonest), obstructive (HOCM; causing subvalvular left ventricular outflow obstruction-differential from aortic stenosis) and restrictive (rare). Dilated cardiomyopat ...
... There is a separate document introducing the ECG, with test-yourself examples. There are three types of cardiomyopathy- dilated (the commonest), obstructive (HOCM; causing subvalvular left ventricular outflow obstruction-differential from aortic stenosis) and restrictive (rare). Dilated cardiomyopat ...
Atrial Dysrhythmias
... • May occur in short bursts or may be sustained • Short bursts are well-tolerated in otherwise normally healthy people • With sustained rapid ventricular rates, ventricular filling may not be complete during diastole ...
... • May occur in short bursts or may be sustained • Short bursts are well-tolerated in otherwise normally healthy people • With sustained rapid ventricular rates, ventricular filling may not be complete during diastole ...
Abstract
... remains controversial. Heart rate should neither be too high (leads to tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy) or too low (facilitates heart failure); it is considered to be controlled when the ventricular rate is 60–80 bpm at rest and 90–115 bpm during exercise. Rate control is achieved by drugs which ...
... remains controversial. Heart rate should neither be too high (leads to tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy) or too low (facilitates heart failure); it is considered to be controlled when the ventricular rate is 60–80 bpm at rest and 90–115 bpm during exercise. Rate control is achieved by drugs which ...
Isorhythmic Dissociation
... Isorhythmic dissociation is sometimes seen during, and as a direct result of, general anesthesia for surgery.6 Individuals with and without underlying heart disease may demonstrate this. Moderate drops in the arterial blood pressure can result from this intraoperative arrhythmia. The more serious ca ...
... Isorhythmic dissociation is sometimes seen during, and as a direct result of, general anesthesia for surgery.6 Individuals with and without underlying heart disease may demonstrate this. Moderate drops in the arterial blood pressure can result from this intraoperative arrhythmia. The more serious ca ...
Chapter 7 Basic ECG Monitoring
... • At this point, the myocardial cells are stimulated and result in ventricular contraction. This cell-to-cell passage of impulse is the conductivity. When the impulse spreads to all areas of the heart the action potential is called excitability. • This leads to the shortening of the myocardial cells ...
... • At this point, the myocardial cells are stimulated and result in ventricular contraction. This cell-to-cell passage of impulse is the conductivity. When the impulse spreads to all areas of the heart the action potential is called excitability. • This leads to the shortening of the myocardial cells ...
PLANTS POISONING
... B- Cardiac: Early slow full pulse (vagus) , with hypotension, followed by any type of dysrhythmia (altration in cardiac rate and rhythm): o AV block. o Atrial tachycardia with AV block. o Sino-atrial block. o Atrial flutter, fibrillation. o Ventricular premature extrasystoles , flutter. ...
... B- Cardiac: Early slow full pulse (vagus) , with hypotension, followed by any type of dysrhythmia (altration in cardiac rate and rhythm): o AV block. o Atrial tachycardia with AV block. o Sino-atrial block. o Atrial flutter, fibrillation. o Ventricular premature extrasystoles , flutter. ...
Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in 2017
... The heart’s electrical system is responsible for creating the signals that trigger the heart to beat. These signals prompt the heart’s muscle to contract. With each contraction, blood is pumped throughout the body. The process begins in the upper chambers of the heart (atria), which pump blood into ...
... The heart’s electrical system is responsible for creating the signals that trigger the heart to beat. These signals prompt the heart’s muscle to contract. With each contraction, blood is pumped throughout the body. The process begins in the upper chambers of the heart (atria), which pump blood into ...
Conversion of Recent-Onset Atrial Fibrillation: Which Drug is
... cardioversion, electrical cardioversion was performed at 2 hours after intravenous vernakalant or at 8 hours after oral propafenone or flecainide. Inclusion Criteria: Patients > 18 years, with AF lasting less than 48 hours and documented by electrocardiogram, weight between 45 and 136 kg, systolic b ...
... cardioversion, electrical cardioversion was performed at 2 hours after intravenous vernakalant or at 8 hours after oral propafenone or flecainide. Inclusion Criteria: Patients > 18 years, with AF lasting less than 48 hours and documented by electrocardiogram, weight between 45 and 136 kg, systolic b ...
Conduction Disturbances
... system; prolonged ischaemia during heart transplant can also cause sinus node or conduction system damage - medication and reversible ischaemia are often implicated therefore the decision to place a permanent pacemaker should defered until 5-7 days post-operatively - permanent pacing is required in ...
... system; prolonged ischaemia during heart transplant can also cause sinus node or conduction system damage - medication and reversible ischaemia are often implicated therefore the decision to place a permanent pacemaker should defered until 5-7 days post-operatively - permanent pacing is required in ...
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.