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HEART SOUNDS
HEART SOUNDS

... Mitral Area – 5th left Intercostal space 1cm inside mid – clavicular line [Apex beat area] Tricuspid Area – Left side of lower sternum ...
Heart Failure: Heart Rhythm Problems
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... control the rhythm of your heartbeat. If your doctor does not find an abnormal rhythm during the test, you may wear a portable EKG to record your heart rhythm, usually over a 24-hour period. Or you may wear a device called an event recorder, which allows you to record your heart rhythm whenever you ...
P wave
P wave

... • Helps detect electrolyte disturbances (hyper- & hypokalemia) • Allows for detection of conduction abnormalities • Screening tool for ischemic heart disease during stress tests • Helpful with non-cardiac diseases (e.g. pulmonary embolism or hypothermia ...
ECG
ECG

... • Screening tool for ischemic heart disease during stress tests • Helpful with non-cardiac diseases (e.g. pulmonary embolism or hypothermia ...
left atrial size
left atrial size

... Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that is found in 1 percent of persons older than 60 years to more than 5 percent of patients older than 69 years. In one study of men and women 65 years or older. A history of the congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease and stroke, left atrial enla ...
THE AFIB REPORT
THE AFIB REPORT

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Update on Ebstein`s Anomaly

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Print - Circulation
Print - Circulation

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Article PDF - Open Access Peer Reviewed Medical
Article PDF - Open Access Peer Reviewed Medical

... either the presence of sinus rhythm (for patients with a rhythm-control strategy at baseline) or a resting heart rate in the target range of #80 beats/min (for patients with a rate-control strategy at baseline) with no incidence of clinical outcomes and no cross-over between rhythm and rate control ...
Mobile left atrial mass-clot or left atrial myxoma.
Mobile left atrial mass-clot or left atrial myxoma.

... ventilated for 5 h and had minimal blood loss. ICU stay was two days, during which intensive chest physiotherapy was performed. Histopathology examination of the mass revealed features consistent with thrombus. The patient was discharged after 8 days on tablet warfarin 5 mg with INR of 2.6. ...
Atrial Fibrillation - American Stroke Association
Atrial Fibrillation - American Stroke Association

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... a combination. Other causes is due to interference, this occurs when there are two rhytms (either atrial and junctional or atrial and ventricular) occurring at similar rates and near simultaneously such that both anterograde and retrograde conduction fall into each other’s refractory period, this is ...
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Guidelines for the Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Guidelines for the Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation

... hemodynamic compromise, pulmonary edema, ventricular arrhythmias, and/or need for a permanent pacemaker. Although these complications are well recognized, the etiology is not as well defined. It is thought to be multifactorial and may be associated with any of the following: Hyperadrenergic state Pe ...
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Atrial fibrillation



Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.
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