Atrial Fibrillation - Annals of Internal Medicine
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... e-mail attachments, posting them on Internet or Intranet sites, publishing them in meeting proceedings, or making them available for sale or distribution in any unauthorized form, without the express written permission of the ACP. Unauthorized use of the In the Clinic slide sets constitutes copyrigh ...
A Prospective, Randomized Trial of an Emergency
... Only patients willing and able to sign an informed consent were included in this study. After granting consent, participants were randomized by telephone call to a remote, designated randomization center uninvolved in the patients’ care. Patients were then managed per the protocol to either care in ...
... Only patients willing and able to sign an informed consent were included in this study. After granting consent, participants were randomized by telephone call to a remote, designated randomization center uninvolved in the patients’ care. Patients were then managed per the protocol to either care in ...
Pumping Action of the Heart Normal Pathway of Electrical Impulses
... A pacemaker is a permanent device which is inserted below the skin under The collar bone and connected by wires to the heart. Its purpose is to make sure that the heart never goes too slow. In some individuals, ablation procedures are deliberately performed to burn away the junction ( AV node) betwe ...
... A pacemaker is a permanent device which is inserted below the skin under The collar bone and connected by wires to the heart. Its purpose is to make sure that the heart never goes too slow. In some individuals, ablation procedures are deliberately performed to burn away the junction ( AV node) betwe ...
Ventricular fibrillation - respiratorytherapyfiles.net
... If paroxysmal AF is suspected, episodes may be documented with the use of Holter monitoring (continuous ECG recording for 24 hours or longer). Other investigations While many cases of AF have no definite cause, it may be the result of various other problems (see below). Hence, renal function and ele ...
... If paroxysmal AF is suspected, episodes may be documented with the use of Holter monitoring (continuous ECG recording for 24 hours or longer). Other investigations While many cases of AF have no definite cause, it may be the result of various other problems (see below). Hence, renal function and ele ...
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
... When you have WPW, along with your normal conduction pathway, you have extra pathways called accessory pathways. They look like normal heart muscle, but they may: --conduct impulses faster than normal --conduct impulses in both directions The impulses travel through the extra pathway (short cut) as ...
... When you have WPW, along with your normal conduction pathway, you have extra pathways called accessory pathways. They look like normal heart muscle, but they may: --conduct impulses faster than normal --conduct impulses in both directions The impulses travel through the extra pathway (short cut) as ...
Anesthetic Management of an Atrial Septal Defect in Adult
... underwent an ostium secundum ASD closure by an amplatzer with TEE doppler guidance. There are three types of ASD: sinus venosus, ostiumprimum, ostium secundum ASD, (which accounts for 70%). Typically, the fossa ovalis is involved in the mid septallocation in most cases of ASD [5]. Some unusual prese ...
... underwent an ostium secundum ASD closure by an amplatzer with TEE doppler guidance. There are three types of ASD: sinus venosus, ostiumprimum, ostium secundum ASD, (which accounts for 70%). Typically, the fossa ovalis is involved in the mid septallocation in most cases of ASD [5]. Some unusual prese ...
Acute Ventricular Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation
... *Values given as mean ⫾ SD or No. of patients (%), unless otherwise indicated. Differences between treatment arms were not significant for all characteristics. ...
... *Values given as mean ⫾ SD or No. of patients (%), unless otherwise indicated. Differences between treatment arms were not significant for all characteristics. ...
Acute Ventricular Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation
... *Values given as mean ⫾ SD or No. of patients (%), unless otherwise indicated. Differences between treatment arms were not significant for all characteristics. ...
... *Values given as mean ⫾ SD or No. of patients (%), unless otherwise indicated. Differences between treatment arms were not significant for all characteristics. ...
Document
... “The heart has four chambers, two associated with the pulmonary circuit (right atrium and right ventricle) and two with the systemic circuit (left atria and left ventricle). The left ventricle has a greater workload and is much more massive than the right ventricle, but the two chambers pump equal a ...
... “The heart has four chambers, two associated with the pulmonary circuit (right atrium and right ventricle) and two with the systemic circuit (left atria and left ventricle). The left ventricle has a greater workload and is much more massive than the right ventricle, but the two chambers pump equal a ...
Cardiac cycle
... Pressure changes during cardiac cycle Right Atrium Pressure = 0-8 mmHg (some books write 2-8) Explanation of the phases: o A wave: due to right atrial contraction o C wave: due to bulging of tricuspid valve into the atrium (which one?) during isovolumetric contraction. o V wave: increased pressure i ...
... Pressure changes during cardiac cycle Right Atrium Pressure = 0-8 mmHg (some books write 2-8) Explanation of the phases: o A wave: due to right atrial contraction o C wave: due to bulging of tricuspid valve into the atrium (which one?) during isovolumetric contraction. o V wave: increased pressure i ...
Analysis of Stroke in ATHENA: A Placebo - MS
... transient ischemic attack, left atrial enlargement (ⱖ50 mm Hg), or depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (⬍0.40). Some patients younger than 70 years of age were enrolled in the study during the first year before a study protocol amendment. Patient exclusions included but were not limited to ...
... transient ischemic attack, left atrial enlargement (ⱖ50 mm Hg), or depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (⬍0.40). Some patients younger than 70 years of age were enrolled in the study during the first year before a study protocol amendment. Patient exclusions included but were not limited to ...
Electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG) Lab
... There is no distinctly visible wave representing atrial repolarization in the ECG because it occurs during ventricular depolarization. Because the wave of atrial repolarization is relatively small in amplitude (i.e., has low voltage), it is masked by the much larger ventricular-generated QRS complex ...
... There is no distinctly visible wave representing atrial repolarization in the ECG because it occurs during ventricular depolarization. Because the wave of atrial repolarization is relatively small in amplitude (i.e., has low voltage), it is masked by the much larger ventricular-generated QRS complex ...
2016 IJC-D-16-00650_R1_FINAL_SUBMIT_figs
... Transform (FFT) and occur in both atria. The applicability of these findings in earlier forms of AF such ...
... Transform (FFT) and occur in both atria. The applicability of these findings in earlier forms of AF such ...
THE CARDIAC CYCLE
... The c wave occurs when the ventricles begin to contract; it is caused partly by slight backflow of blood into the atria at the onset of ventricular contraction but mainly by bulging of the A-V valves backward toward the atria because of increasing pressure in the ventricles. The v wave occurs toward ...
... The c wave occurs when the ventricles begin to contract; it is caused partly by slight backflow of blood into the atria at the onset of ventricular contraction but mainly by bulging of the A-V valves backward toward the atria because of increasing pressure in the ventricles. The v wave occurs toward ...
Atrial and Ventricular Enlargement
... Right atrial overload (P pulmonale) and right ventricular hypertrophy. Right atrial overload (enlargement) is manifest as tall sharp P waves in lead II and V1. The cut off values are P wave amplitude more than 0.25 mV in lead II and 0.1 mV or more in V1. Dominant R waves in V1 and deep S waves in V ...
... Right atrial overload (P pulmonale) and right ventricular hypertrophy. Right atrial overload (enlargement) is manifest as tall sharp P waves in lead II and V1. The cut off values are P wave amplitude more than 0.25 mV in lead II and 0.1 mV or more in V1. Dominant R waves in V1 and deep S waves in V ...
three principal strategies for secondary prevention
... of cardiac disorders is responsible for '20% of ischemic strokes. • Transesophageal echocardiography is an appropriate method to investigate people younger than 45 years of age with suspected cardiogenic emboli, and older people without signs of cardiac disease like AF and CHF. • Transthoracic echoc ...
... of cardiac disorders is responsible for '20% of ischemic strokes. • Transesophageal echocardiography is an appropriate method to investigate people younger than 45 years of age with suspected cardiogenic emboli, and older people without signs of cardiac disease like AF and CHF. • Transthoracic echoc ...
Should rhythm control be preferred in younger atrial fibrillation
... included studies were (5.3 vs. 5.0 %; OR, 1.03; 95 % CI, 0.84–1.26; P00.78), (3.81 vs. 3.61 %; OR, 1.04; 95 % CI, 0.80–1.36; P00.75), (1.78 vs. 1.73 %; OR, 1.02; 95 % CI, 0.70–1.49; P00.91), and (1.49 vs. 1.46 %; OR, 1.02; 95 % CI, 0.71–1.48; P00.9), with no statistical significance, respectively (F ...
... included studies were (5.3 vs. 5.0 %; OR, 1.03; 95 % CI, 0.84–1.26; P00.78), (3.81 vs. 3.61 %; OR, 1.04; 95 % CI, 0.80–1.36; P00.75), (1.78 vs. 1.73 %; OR, 1.02; 95 % CI, 0.70–1.49; P00.91), and (1.49 vs. 1.46 %; OR, 1.02; 95 % CI, 0.71–1.48; P00.9), with no statistical significance, respectively (F ...
BASIC CONCEPT OF ECG
... 2. Do the P waves have a normal shape? (small and rounded) 3. Are all the P waves similar in size and shape? 4. Do you see a one-to-one relationship between the P waves and the QRS complexes? STEP 4: Calculate the duration of the PR interval 1. Does the duration of PR interval fall within normal lim ...
... 2. Do the P waves have a normal shape? (small and rounded) 3. Are all the P waves similar in size and shape? 4. Do you see a one-to-one relationship between the P waves and the QRS complexes? STEP 4: Calculate the duration of the PR interval 1. Does the duration of PR interval fall within normal lim ...
stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation objective
... Bleeding risk should be assessed in all patients, but in most cases it should not preclude the use of anticoagulant therapy unless the risk is considered very high. Patients at increased risk for bleeding, typically, are those who also will benefit the most from anticoagulation to prevent stroke. Wh ...
... Bleeding risk should be assessed in all patients, but in most cases it should not preclude the use of anticoagulant therapy unless the risk is considered very high. Patients at increased risk for bleeding, typically, are those who also will benefit the most from anticoagulation to prevent stroke. Wh ...
Age as a Risk Factor for Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients
... AF represents a major risk factor for stroke, systemic embolism and heart failure. Age is a well known independent and consistent risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with AF. In the Framingham Study, the percentage of stroke attributable to AF increased steeply from 1.5% at 50–59 years of a ...
... AF represents a major risk factor for stroke, systemic embolism and heart failure. Age is a well known independent and consistent risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with AF. In the Framingham Study, the percentage of stroke attributable to AF increased steeply from 1.5% at 50–59 years of a ...
- WordPress.com
... The three standard or limb leads 1,2 and 3 have been in use since the late 1800’s, but the augmented limb leads aVR, aVL and aVF, and the precordial or chest leads V1-6 only came into use in the 1930’s. The six precordial electrodes create a six-lead image of the heart on the transverse plane .Each ...
... The three standard or limb leads 1,2 and 3 have been in use since the late 1800’s, but the augmented limb leads aVR, aVL and aVF, and the precordial or chest leads V1-6 only came into use in the 1930’s. The six precordial electrodes create a six-lead image of the heart on the transverse plane .Each ...
Slide 1 - Annals of Internal Medicine
... border; the shortest interval occurs after a pause; the greatest increment occurs with the next beat; the intervals gradually increase to the maximum; and the pause is less than twice the preceding ventricular pulse interval. Time is shown on the abscissa, and paper speed is not specified. Numbers 1 ...
... border; the shortest interval occurs after a pause; the greatest increment occurs with the next beat; the intervals gradually increase to the maximum; and the pause is less than twice the preceding ventricular pulse interval. Time is shown on the abscissa, and paper speed is not specified. Numbers 1 ...
This is dependent on the volume of blood expelled
... When you exercise the ventilation rate must increase in order to supply muscles with more oxygen and to remove excess carbon dioxide. The control of high ventilation rate is dependent of chemoreceptors, receptors that are sensitive to chemical changes in the blood, particularly changes in carbon dio ...
... When you exercise the ventilation rate must increase in order to supply muscles with more oxygen and to remove excess carbon dioxide. The control of high ventilation rate is dependent of chemoreceptors, receptors that are sensitive to chemical changes in the blood, particularly changes in carbon dio ...
incidence and course of acute myocardial infarction complicated by
... patients with AMI. Atrial fibrillation was most common (71.5%) among different kinds of SVT. SVT prevailed in females and elderly patients with advanced heart failure. Development of paroxysmal SVT in patients with AMI is highly related to larger myocardial necrosis, left atrium dilatation and impai ...
... patients with AMI. Atrial fibrillation was most common (71.5%) among different kinds of SVT. SVT prevailed in females and elderly patients with advanced heart failure. Development of paroxysmal SVT in patients with AMI is highly related to larger myocardial necrosis, left atrium dilatation and impai ...
guide to atrial fibrillation - Massachusetts General Hospital
... An arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm. The four chambers of the heart usually beat in a steady, rhythmic pattern. Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs when the atria (the upper chambers of the heart) are fibrillating, or “quivering,” resulting in a rapid, irregular heart rhythm. The normal heart rate ...
... An arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm. The four chambers of the heart usually beat in a steady, rhythmic pattern. Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs when the atria (the upper chambers of the heart) are fibrillating, or “quivering,” resulting in a rapid, irregular heart rhythm. The normal heart rate ...
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.