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Cardiac Complications of Hyperthyroidism
Cardiac Complications of Hyperthyroidism

... response of thyroid stimulating hormone or both14. The risk of thrombo-embolism is reportedly as great as that due to mitral stenosis 15,16.17. Systolic and diastolic left ventricular functions at rest are not necessarily depressed by hyperthyroidism18. During exercise, the left ventricular ejection ...
Atrial-Selective Approaches for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial-Selective Approaches for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

... atrial fibrillation (AF). Medical treatment for AF is still more widely applied than interventional therapies but is hampered by several important weaknesses. Besides limited clinical efficacy (cardioversion success and sinusrhythm maintenance), side effects like ventricular proarrhythmia and negati ...
EKGLabWithVernierSoftware
EKGLabWithVernierSoftware

... Abonormalities of the heart valves can be detected more accurately by auscultation than by electrocardiography. Why is this so? ______________________________________________________________________ ...
Efficacy, Safety, and Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Atrial
Efficacy, Safety, and Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Atrial

... Tsukuba, Japan. All the authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose. Manuscript received May 8, 2013; revised manuscript received July 1, 2013, accepted July 9, 2013. ...
Author Contributions - HAL
Author Contributions - HAL

... cohorts included outpatients or mixed populations, the VKA (warfarin) was managed by anticoagulation clinics and the rate of heparin bridging therapy was not specified. The rate of bleeding in our small cohort is particularly worrying. It may be explained by the studied population (very old patients ...
Cognitive disorders in elderly patients with permanent atrial fibrillation
Cognitive disorders in elderly patients with permanent atrial fibrillation

... Though almost 80% used acenocoumarol or aspirin in our study only a small number of them were treated with a proper dose of these drugs. Probably cognitive impairment is one of many reasons for antithrombotic undertreatment in AF patients. Richards et al. [19] reported that patients at risk of cardi ...
Atherosclerotic Heart Disease, Conduction Disturbances, and
Atherosclerotic Heart Disease, Conduction Disturbances, and

... Generally favorable mortality risk relative to normal Primary mortality risk is stroke, beginning at age 55 and increasing over time Risk increases if left atrial volume exceeds 32ml/m2 About a third are familial with an incidence rate ratio of 3.48 with a first or second-degree relative with lone A ...
Redalyc.Treatment of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation During Surgery for
Redalyc.Treatment of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation During Surgery for

... right and left atrial appendages. It uses a purse string suture, in the introduction of the cannula in the superior vena cava in the right atrium and by the closing of the ostium of the left atrial appendage by intra-atrial suture respectively; and facilitates to a broad internal exposure of the lef ...
Ventricular tachycardia of right bundle-branch block
Ventricular tachycardia of right bundle-branch block

... were described by Zipes et aL4Generally, VT in the young population without apparent organic heart disease carried a favorable prognosis."J2 However, a family history of mitral valve prolapse and sudden cardiac death, such as encountered in the present case, cannot be easily dismissed even when this ...
Stuck in the Middle: Afib Patients on Rate Control
Stuck in the Middle: Afib Patients on Rate Control

... events, I hear from thousands of patients, many of whom have shared hose with atrial fibrillation their experiences about rate control. know the symptoms of a wildly Many feel so miserable that they beating heart, the fatigue and can’t do anything. To them, it seems downright helplessness when try- ...
Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmias Using Different Neural
Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmias Using Different Neural

... extra pathways (short cuts) as well as the normal AVHIS Purkinje system. This allows the impulses to travel around the heart very quickly, causing the heart to beat unusually fast. 8. Atrial fibrillation, a very common irregular heart rhythm. Many impulses begin and spread through the atria, competi ...
Presentatie B.G.F. Springorum, Elektrofysiologie inleiding
Presentatie B.G.F. Springorum, Elektrofysiologie inleiding

... The SA node is generally located in the high RA, posterior to the crista terminalis. ...
Russian to English translation
Russian to English translation

... - Side effects of antihypertensive drugs and measures to help In the treatment of arrhythmias is very important impact on the underlying disease (use of hyperthyroidism tireostaticheskim, commissurotomy in mitral stenosis, Antianginal agent in myocardial ischemia) and the elimination of provoking fa ...
EKG Basics - Cobb Learning
EKG Basics - Cobb Learning

... This is due to the automaticity of the SA Node, which maintains a constant cycle of pacing ...
Neonatal and Pediatric Guidelines for Arrhythmia
Neonatal and Pediatric Guidelines for Arrhythmia

... include congenital cardiac malformations, surgical repair and scarring, long cardiopulmonary bypass times, or exposure to chronic hemodynamic stress (Brugada, 2013). Electrolyte and acid-base imbalance and the use of vasoactive drugs also predispose children to arrhythmias (Jhang, 2010). Inflammatio ...
Arrhythmia Management - SPCN – The Society of Pediatric
Arrhythmia Management - SPCN – The Society of Pediatric

... include congenital cardiac malformations, surgical repair and scarring, long cardiopulmonary bypass times, or exposure to chronic hemodynamic stress (Brugada, 2013). Electrolyte and acid-base imbalance and the use of vasoactive drugs also predispose children to arrhythmias (Jhang, 2010). Inflammatio ...
Role of neural modulation in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation
Role of neural modulation in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation

... of population in the United States and its prevalence seems to be moving only in forward direction. A recent systemic review estimates global prevalence of AF to be 596.2 and 373.1 per 100,000 population in males and females respectively. Multiple mechanisms have been put forward in the pathogenesis ...
2/09 Transpostion of the Great Arteries
2/09 Transpostion of the Great Arteries

... - Caution with the use of beta-blockers (AVB, bradycardia) - Two-stage repair surgery (pulmonary artery banding to “retrain” the LV, followed by baffle take-down and arterial switch) is extensive and LV failure occurs after pulmonary banding ...
How to tell heart rate from an ECG?
How to tell heart rate from an ECG?

... 1500 mm per minute. HR (by which we mean ventricular rate or QRS rate) is the number of cardiac cycles per minute (5) or more correctly the number of times the heart beats per minute. It can be estimated by counting the number of QRS complexes in a 10 second period and multiplying that by 6 or by co ...
Meds
Meds

... Adenosine exerts its effect by decreasing conduction through the A-V node and may produce a brief period of first, second, or third degree heart block. In half of the cases, transient asystole may result. B. Transient facial flush, dyspnea, chest pressure may result. C. The patient should be warned ...
Atrial tachycardia
Atrial tachycardia

... negative in leads II, III, and aVF, which indicates the retrograde conduction up the atrial septum, consistent with counterclockwise flutter. ...
Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation and Risk of Heart Failure After
Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation and Risk of Heart Failure After

... Association. All rights reserved. ...
Electro Cardio Gram “MCQ”
Electro Cardio Gram “MCQ”

... 14- Regarding the ECG findings in atrial (A) arrhythmias all the followings are correct EXCEPT: a- (A) extrasystole: abnormal P wave, normal QRS and may be followed by compensatory pause. b- (A) tachycardia: paroxymal rapid and irregular rate (150200 b/min). c- (A) flutter: saw tooth waves associat ...
Echocardiographic studies of the motion of the mitral valve in
Echocardiographic studies of the motion of the mitral valve in

... systole; however, we are not aware of any published account of the echocardiographic findings in second-degree atrioventricular block. Atrioventricular block of the 2 : l variety may be difEcult to recognize in the ECG if the blocked P wave is small in voltage or is superimposed on the peak of the T ...
Association of comorbidities in atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial
Association of comorbidities in atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial

... Background: Atrial fibrillation is a most common arrhythmia in patients with and without structural heart disease with an increasing incidence mainly due to the aging population. As the population ages, one can expect that AF will remain a frequent and troublesome complication of AMI with comorbidit ...
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Atrial fibrillation



Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.
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