A survey of German centres performing invasive electrophysiology
... German cardiology centres performing invasive electrophysiology were identified from quality reports and contacted to and results fill a questionnaire. A majority of 122 centres (65%) responded. Electrophysiology (ablation procedures and device therapy) was mainly part of a cardiology department (82 ...
... German cardiology centres performing invasive electrophysiology were identified from quality reports and contacted to and results fill a questionnaire. A majority of 122 centres (65%) responded. Electrophysiology (ablation procedures and device therapy) was mainly part of a cardiology department (82 ...
Deciphering the Sinus Tachycardias
... nucleotide-regulatory-proteins (Gs proteins), which are in turn positively coupled to adenyl cyclase. Activation of these receptors leads to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) which directly triggers the opening of the inward sodium channels responsible for the “funny” current and ...
... nucleotide-regulatory-proteins (Gs proteins), which are in turn positively coupled to adenyl cyclase. Activation of these receptors leads to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) which directly triggers the opening of the inward sodium channels responsible for the “funny” current and ...
Atrial fibrillation management
... Atrial fibrillation What is AF? AF is a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by rapid and uncoordinated atrial activation, which leads to deterioration of the atrial pump function. As a consequence, the ventricular response rate becomes irregular and rapid, which can cause symptoms such as palp ...
... Atrial fibrillation What is AF? AF is a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by rapid and uncoordinated atrial activation, which leads to deterioration of the atrial pump function. As a consequence, the ventricular response rate becomes irregular and rapid, which can cause symptoms such as palp ...
The extents of mitral leaflet opening and closure are - Heart
... been demonstrated that this phenomenon occurs in nonischaemic LV dysfunction as well.11 13 15 It has been shown that when papillary muscle function is kept normal (by perfusing it selectively with blood), the degree of IMLC correlates with the degree of LV systolic dysfunction.15 The main role of th ...
... been demonstrated that this phenomenon occurs in nonischaemic LV dysfunction as well.11 13 15 It has been shown that when papillary muscle function is kept normal (by perfusing it selectively with blood), the degree of IMLC correlates with the degree of LV systolic dysfunction.15 The main role of th ...
Introduction to Pediatric ECGs
... Coronary sinus or “low right atrial” rhythm is common benign finding, especially in teens Positive in lead I, negative in aVF Pediatric ECGs ...
... Coronary sinus or “low right atrial” rhythm is common benign finding, especially in teens Positive in lead I, negative in aVF Pediatric ECGs ...
Factors Associated With Major Bleeding Events
... compared with warfarin for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular AF. The trial randomized 14,264 patients with AF who were at moderate-to-high risk for stroke. Elevated risk was indicated by a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or systemic emboli ...
... compared with warfarin for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular AF. The trial randomized 14,264 patients with AF who were at moderate-to-high risk for stroke. Elevated risk was indicated by a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or systemic emboli ...
Factors Associated With Major Bleeding Events
... compared with warfarin for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular AF. The trial randomized 14,264 patients with AF who were at moderate-to-high risk for stroke. Elevated risk was indicated by a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or systemic emboli ...
... compared with warfarin for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular AF. The trial randomized 14,264 patients with AF who were at moderate-to-high risk for stroke. Elevated risk was indicated by a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or systemic emboli ...
Negative Inotropic and Chronotropic Effects of Oxytocin
... Several mechanisms may be involved in oxytocin actions on the heart. We have previously localized oxytocin and oxytocin receptors to atrial cardiomyocytes and shown that oxytocin perfusion stimulates the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).5 ANP may act on its receptors in the heart to incre ...
... Several mechanisms may be involved in oxytocin actions on the heart. We have previously localized oxytocin and oxytocin receptors to atrial cardiomyocytes and shown that oxytocin perfusion stimulates the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).5 ANP may act on its receptors in the heart to incre ...
Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia
... AVNRT and AVRT are electrical aberrancies that occur mainly as a result of reentry. Less commonly, increased automaticity or triggered activity can be the mechanism and usually results in a narrow complex tachycardia. AT can result from one of the three mechanisms (Table 1).3-6 AVNRT and AVRT are at ...
... AVNRT and AVRT are electrical aberrancies that occur mainly as a result of reentry. Less commonly, increased automaticity or triggered activity can be the mechanism and usually results in a narrow complex tachycardia. AT can result from one of the three mechanisms (Table 1).3-6 AVNRT and AVRT are at ...
Role of Pacing in the Management of Neurocardiogenic
... shortening as this will also force P sense V pacing at the higher rates. In the DDD mode, one also needs to evaluate the patient for retrograde conduction and either program a sufficiently long PVARP to prevent a pacemaker mediated tachycardia or enable a PMT detection and termination algorithm. Pro ...
... shortening as this will also force P sense V pacing at the higher rates. In the DDD mode, one also needs to evaluate the patient for retrograde conduction and either program a sufficiently long PVARP to prevent a pacemaker mediated tachycardia or enable a PMT detection and termination algorithm. Pro ...
Secundum atrial septal defect in the adult. Clinical
... Up to 10 % of all ASDs are of the superior sinus venosus type. It is characterized by a defect in the most posterior and superior parts of the atrial septum at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. The superior vena cava overrides the defect and in a majority of cases there is ...
... Up to 10 % of all ASDs are of the superior sinus venosus type. It is characterized by a defect in the most posterior and superior parts of the atrial septum at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. The superior vena cava overrides the defect and in a majority of cases there is ...
Secundum atrial septal defect in the adult. Clinical
... Up to 10 % of all ASDs are of the superior sinus venosus type. It is characterized by a defect in the most posterior and superior parts of the atrial septum at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. The superior vena cava overrides the defect and in a majority of cases there is ...
... Up to 10 % of all ASDs are of the superior sinus venosus type. It is characterized by a defect in the most posterior and superior parts of the atrial septum at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. The superior vena cava overrides the defect and in a majority of cases there is ...
Prevalence and characteristics of ectopic atrial tachycardia
... part of these arrhythmias can be diagnosed by means of 12-lead ECG, and new and effective methods of treatment can be devised, as necessary. The precipitants of the subtypes of SVTs vary with age, sex and associated comorbidity. This study was designed to focus on ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) an ...
... part of these arrhythmias can be diagnosed by means of 12-lead ECG, and new and effective methods of treatment can be devised, as necessary. The precipitants of the subtypes of SVTs vary with age, sex and associated comorbidity. This study was designed to focus on ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) an ...
The Only EKG Book You`ll Ever Need, 5th Edition
... clinical disorders, from m ild palpitations and diz ziness to life-threatening heart attacks and arrhythmias. The EKG predates relativity, quantum mechanics, molecular genetics, bebop, Watergate, and, well, you fill in the blank. H ats off, then, to Willem Einthoven and his string galvanometer with ...
... clinical disorders, from m ild palpitations and diz ziness to life-threatening heart attacks and arrhythmias. The EKG predates relativity, quantum mechanics, molecular genetics, bebop, Watergate, and, well, you fill in the blank. H ats off, then, to Willem Einthoven and his string galvanometer with ...
Fiber Types and Myosin Types in Human Atrial and Ventricular
... of myosin exist in the human atrium, each myosin form being histochemically related to either a- or /3-like ventricular myosin heavy chains. In contrast, there was no direct correspondence between the two experimental approaches in human ventricles, and it is postulated that at least three distinct ...
... of myosin exist in the human atrium, each myosin form being histochemically related to either a- or /3-like ventricular myosin heavy chains. In contrast, there was no direct correspondence between the two experimental approaches in human ventricles, and it is postulated that at least three distinct ...
Electrocardiography - Frank`s Hospital Workshop
... the augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL and aVF) and the last two columns being the chest leads (V1-V6). It is usually possible to change this layout so it is vital to check the labels to see which lead is represented. Each column will usually record the same moment in time for the three leads and then t ...
... the augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL and aVF) and the last two columns being the chest leads (V1-V6). It is usually possible to change this layout so it is vital to check the labels to see which lead is represented. Each column will usually record the same moment in time for the three leads and then t ...
Best practice in the clinical management of atrial fibrillation in
... The true national prevalence is thought to be around 1.7%, increasing up to 8% in those over 65 years old and further as the population reaches over 80 years old 3,4 Disease burden of AF increases with age. The lifetime risk of developing AF at age 55 years is thought to be nearly one in four. 5 ...
... The true national prevalence is thought to be around 1.7%, increasing up to 8% in those over 65 years old and further as the population reaches over 80 years old 3,4 Disease burden of AF increases with age. The lifetime risk of developing AF at age 55 years is thought to be nearly one in four. 5 ...
ECG TUTORIAL for Clinicians
... baseline or the onset of the U wave. This gives rise to asymmetrical T waves in most leads. The ST segment occurs during Phase 2 (the plateau) of the myocardial action potentials. In some normal individuals, particularly women, the T wave is more symmetrical and a distinct horizontal ST segment is p ...
... baseline or the onset of the U wave. This gives rise to asymmetrical T waves in most leads. The ST segment occurs during Phase 2 (the plateau) of the myocardial action potentials. In some normal individuals, particularly women, the T wave is more symmetrical and a distinct horizontal ST segment is p ...
Presence of Atrial Fibrillation Is Independently Associated With
... Background—It is unclear if the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) on admission is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF). This study evaluated the clinical characteristics, management, length of stay, and mortality of HF patients with and witho ...
... Background—It is unclear if the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) on admission is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF). This study evaluated the clinical characteristics, management, length of stay, and mortality of HF patients with and witho ...
Arrhythmia/Electrophysiology
... substantial complication of implanted cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Whether use of optimally programmed dual-chamber ICDs lowers this risk compared with that in single-chamber ICDs is not clear. Methods and Results—Subjects with a clinical indication for ICD (n⫽400) at 27 participating c ...
... substantial complication of implanted cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Whether use of optimally programmed dual-chamber ICDs lowers this risk compared with that in single-chamber ICDs is not clear. Methods and Results—Subjects with a clinical indication for ICD (n⫽400) at 27 participating c ...
2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With
... A recommendation with Level of Evidence B or C does not imply that the recommendation is weak. Many important clinical questions addressed in the guidelines do not lend themselves to clinical trials. Although randomized trials are unavailable, there may be a very clear clinical consensus that a part ...
... A recommendation with Level of Evidence B or C does not imply that the recommendation is weak. Many important clinical questions addressed in the guidelines do not lend themselves to clinical trials. Although randomized trials are unavailable, there may be a very clear clinical consensus that a part ...
2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With
... A recommendation with Level of Evidence B or C does not imply that the recommendation is weak. Many important clinical questions addressed in the guidelines do not lend themselves to clinical trials. Although randomized trials are unavailable, there may be a very clear clinical consensus that a part ...
... A recommendation with Level of Evidence B or C does not imply that the recommendation is weak. Many important clinical questions addressed in the guidelines do not lend themselves to clinical trials. Although randomized trials are unavailable, there may be a very clear clinical consensus that a part ...
Preview the material
... electrical firing of the heart depends on the most rapid pacemaker. Spontaneous electrical firing or automaticity can occur anywhere in the heart under certain conditions. Normally, the sinoatrial (SA) node, located where the superior vena cava meets the right atrium, has the most rapid intrinsic ra ...
... electrical firing of the heart depends on the most rapid pacemaker. Spontaneous electrical firing or automaticity can occur anywhere in the heart under certain conditions. Normally, the sinoatrial (SA) node, located where the superior vena cava meets the right atrium, has the most rapid intrinsic ra ...
Diagnostic Approach to Palpitations
... arrhythmias or anxiety. Most patients with arrhythmias do not complain of palpitations. However, any arrhythmia, including sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular contractions, or ventricular tachycardia, can cause palpitations. Palpitations should be considered as potentially ...
... arrhythmias or anxiety. Most patients with arrhythmias do not complain of palpitations. However, any arrhythmia, including sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular contractions, or ventricular tachycardia, can cause palpitations. Palpitations should be considered as potentially ...
Bradycardia-dependent triggered activity: relevance
... and in vitro to examine the mechanisms underlying ventricular arrhythmias that are related to prolonged repolarization. Cesium is known to depress normal ventricular automaticity and some experimental arrhythmias by blocking delayed outward currents and prolonging action potential duration. In 10 do ...
... and in vitro to examine the mechanisms underlying ventricular arrhythmias that are related to prolonged repolarization. Cesium is known to depress normal ventricular automaticity and some experimental arrhythmias by blocking delayed outward currents and prolonging action potential duration. In 10 do ...
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.