SPECIFIC GRANULES IN ATRIAL MUSCLE CELLS Preparation for
... RETICULUU: Rough-surfaced elements of the endoplasmic reticulum frequently occur in the central sarcoplasm of the atrial muscle cells of dog, guinea pig, and cat. ~Ihey are less common in rat and mouse. Most of them are relatively large cisternae disposed usually in stacks of 6 to 10 parallel elemen ...
... RETICULUU: Rough-surfaced elements of the endoplasmic reticulum frequently occur in the central sarcoplasm of the atrial muscle cells of dog, guinea pig, and cat. ~Ihey are less common in rat and mouse. Most of them are relatively large cisternae disposed usually in stacks of 6 to 10 parallel elemen ...
Adverse Effect of Ventricular Pacing on Heart Failure and
... was assessed by means of Cox proportional hazards models,5 with time to event as the dependent variable and Cum%VP as a timedependent covariate. HFH models were extended to include multiple HFHs by use of Cox models that allow multiple events per patient.6 Both unadjusted models (Cum%VP as the only ...
... was assessed by means of Cox proportional hazards models,5 with time to event as the dependent variable and Cum%VP as a timedependent covariate. HFH models were extended to include multiple HFHs by use of Cox models that allow multiple events per patient.6 Both unadjusted models (Cum%VP as the only ...
Determinants of Fast- and Slow-Pathway Conduction in Patients
... Electrophysiological studies were performed in the postabsorptive, nonsedated state. The research protocol had the prior approval of the University of Illinois Committee of Associates for review of clinical research and investigation involving human beings. Informed consent was obtained. A tripolar ...
... Electrophysiological studies were performed in the postabsorptive, nonsedated state. The research protocol had the prior approval of the University of Illinois Committee of Associates for review of clinical research and investigation involving human beings. Informed consent was obtained. A tripolar ...
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
... It is generally known that heart works very effectively during rest condition; however it can increase its output according to tissue oxygen and substrate demand in couple of seconds. This quick and effective process is an evidence of perfect nervous and humoral regulation. Regulation of the heart a ...
... It is generally known that heart works very effectively during rest condition; however it can increase its output according to tissue oxygen and substrate demand in couple of seconds. This quick and effective process is an evidence of perfect nervous and humoral regulation. Regulation of the heart a ...
Success of Surgical Left Atrial Appendage Closure
... ulation medications is not without limitations, adverse events, and contraindications (5,6). It has been proposed by some investigators that closure of the LAA will decrease the stroke risk in patients with AF (3,7). Surgical closure of the LAA has been practiced since the 1930s, primarily in patien ...
... ulation medications is not without limitations, adverse events, and contraindications (5,6). It has been proposed by some investigators that closure of the LAA will decrease the stroke risk in patients with AF (3,7). Surgical closure of the LAA has been practiced since the 1930s, primarily in patien ...
Reverse Atrial Electrical Remodeling Induced by Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
... especially left atrial (LA) enlargement, may also result from obesity, hypertension (Stritzke et al. 2009), and mitral stenosis (Keren et al. 1987), in which the left atrium must exert greater pressures to efficiently pump the blood. An increased atrial size is able to accommodate more reentry circu ...
... especially left atrial (LA) enlargement, may also result from obesity, hypertension (Stritzke et al. 2009), and mitral stenosis (Keren et al. 1987), in which the left atrium must exert greater pressures to efficiently pump the blood. An increased atrial size is able to accommodate more reentry circu ...
CHAPTER 28 Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Guidance of
... Figs 28.2A to D: Anatomy of fossa ovalis. There is a large variability in the size, shape and location of the fossa ovalis in humans. In addition, the floor of the fossa ovalis (derived from the septum primum) can be either firm or floppy. A floppy septum leads to formation of an atrial septal aneur ...
... Figs 28.2A to D: Anatomy of fossa ovalis. There is a large variability in the size, shape and location of the fossa ovalis in humans. In addition, the floor of the fossa ovalis (derived from the septum primum) can be either firm or floppy. A floppy septum leads to formation of an atrial septal aneur ...
Atrioventricular Conduction
... traverse the entire atrioventricular (AV) conducting system is called concealed conduction. Electrocardiographically, the effects of concealed conduction are reflected in the conduction and/or formation of subsequent beats.1 The concept of concealed conduction can be applied to explain (1) post-extr ...
... traverse the entire atrioventricular (AV) conducting system is called concealed conduction. Electrocardiographically, the effects of concealed conduction are reflected in the conduction and/or formation of subsequent beats.1 The concept of concealed conduction can be applied to explain (1) post-extr ...
Atrial fibrillation - European Society of Cardiology
... heart disease (mostly mitral valve disease), coronary artery disease, hypertension particularly if left ventricular hypertrophy is present[18,19], hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy[20,21] or congenital heart disease and, particularly in adults, atrial septal defect. The long list of possible ae ...
... heart disease (mostly mitral valve disease), coronary artery disease, hypertension particularly if left ventricular hypertrophy is present[18,19], hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy[20,21] or congenital heart disease and, particularly in adults, atrial septal defect. The long list of possible ae ...
Print - Circulation Research
... i.e., it first decreases, as expected, but then surprisingly increases again. However, all values of conduction time are less than the control level.36 When the heart rate is held constant, on the hand, there is a consistent doserelated shortening of the AV conduction time.36 Thus, the lesser effect ...
... i.e., it first decreases, as expected, but then surprisingly increases again. However, all values of conduction time are less than the control level.36 When the heart rate is held constant, on the hand, there is a consistent doserelated shortening of the AV conduction time.36 Thus, the lesser effect ...
Acidosis slows electrical conduction through the atrio
... Relatively slow electrical conduction through the AVN normally ensures correct timing of atrial and ventricular contraction (Meijler and Janse, 1988). The AVN also plays a protective role in some abnormal cardiac rhythms while contributing to the generation of others. For example, during atrial fibr ...
... Relatively slow electrical conduction through the AVN normally ensures correct timing of atrial and ventricular contraction (Meijler and Janse, 1988). The AVN also plays a protective role in some abnormal cardiac rhythms while contributing to the generation of others. For example, during atrial fibr ...
Normal Sinus Rhythm
... • Etiology: There are several types of PSVT but all originate above the ventricles (therefore the QRS is narrow). • Most common: abnormal conduction in the AV node (reentrant circuit looping in the AV node). For more presentations www.medicalppt.blogspot.com ...
... • Etiology: There are several types of PSVT but all originate above the ventricles (therefore the QRS is narrow). • Most common: abnormal conduction in the AV node (reentrant circuit looping in the AV node). For more presentations www.medicalppt.blogspot.com ...
Care of the Patient with Temporary Pacemaker
... o Ventricular leads on the surface of the right ventricle (RV) o Pacing wires brought through the skin and sutured to the thorax Atrial leads usually to the right side Ventricular leads to the left side This can be reversed in patients with dextrocardia (Reade, 2007) Postoperative programming ...
... o Ventricular leads on the surface of the right ventricle (RV) o Pacing wires brought through the skin and sutured to the thorax Atrial leads usually to the right side Ventricular leads to the left side This can be reversed in patients with dextrocardia (Reade, 2007) Postoperative programming ...
Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Is a Biatrial Arrhythmia
... lateral), whereas in 60 patients, AF was converted to AT. During the index procedure, AF was not terminated in 20 (23%) patients. Of these, the procedure was stopped prematurely in 13 patients because of a fluid administration ⱖ5 L via the externally irrigated tip ablation catheter (after a mean pro ...
... lateral), whereas in 60 patients, AF was converted to AT. During the index procedure, AF was not terminated in 20 (23%) patients. Of these, the procedure was stopped prematurely in 13 patients because of a fluid administration ⱖ5 L via the externally irrigated tip ablation catheter (after a mean pro ...
Gallop Rhythm of the Heart
... left side of the heart in essential hypertension and aortic stenosis, and on the right side in pulmonary hypertension of varied etiology and in pulmonic stenosis. When atrial gallop is present in essential hypertension, there is invariably evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, either from physic ...
... left side of the heart in essential hypertension and aortic stenosis, and on the right side in pulmonary hypertension of varied etiology and in pulmonic stenosis. When atrial gallop is present in essential hypertension, there is invariably evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, either from physic ...
normal ECG manual - Cardiac and Stroke Networks in Lancashire
... From the Unipolar limb leads, a system was devised by EINTHOVEN which allows the heart to be seen from 3 other leads known as the Bipolar Limb Leads of Einthoven’s Triangle. ...
... From the Unipolar limb leads, a system was devised by EINTHOVEN which allows the heart to be seen from 3 other leads known as the Bipolar Limb Leads of Einthoven’s Triangle. ...
Atrial pressure and secretion of atrial natriuretic factor into
... lation was found (pulmonary artery atrial natriuretic factor == 25. 6 ± 33.7 [MRAP]; r == 0 .58 , P < 0 .001). Similarly, Figure 2 shows the positive correl ation between the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pres sure (MPCWP) and aortic atrial natriuretic factor concentration (aortic atrial natriureti ...
... lation was found (pulmonary artery atrial natriuretic factor == 25. 6 ± 33.7 [MRAP]; r == 0 .58 , P < 0 .001). Similarly, Figure 2 shows the positive correl ation between the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pres sure (MPCWP) and aortic atrial natriuretic factor concentration (aortic atrial natriureti ...
Digitalis Toxicity: A Fading but Crucial Complication to Recognize
... seeing green or yellow, chest pain, or palpitations. On examwith global left ventricular hypoination the patient was afebrile, with kinesis, but no significant valvar a heart rate of 83 beats per minute, disease. His clinical state was blood pressure of 115/59 mm Hg, CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE further co ...
... seeing green or yellow, chest pain, or palpitations. On examwith global left ventricular hypoination the patient was afebrile, with kinesis, but no significant valvar a heart rate of 83 beats per minute, disease. His clinical state was blood pressure of 115/59 mm Hg, CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE further co ...
Digitalis Toxicity: A Fading but Crucial Complication to Recognize REVIEW
... seeing green or yellow, chest pain, or palpitations. On examwith global left ventricular hypoination the patient was afebrile, with kinesis, but no significant valvar a heart rate of 83 beats per minute, disease. His clinical state was blood pressure of 115/59 mm Hg, CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE further co ...
... seeing green or yellow, chest pain, or palpitations. On examwith global left ventricular hypoination the patient was afebrile, with kinesis, but no significant valvar a heart rate of 83 beats per minute, disease. His clinical state was blood pressure of 115/59 mm Hg, CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE further co ...
National Stroke Association guidelines for the management of
... recommendations covered initial management, evaluation, medical treatment, surgical treatment, and risk factor management. Interpretation: The final recommendations on the care of patients with transient ischemic attacks emphasize the importance of urgent evaluation and treatment. The novel approach ...
... recommendations covered initial management, evaluation, medical treatment, surgical treatment, and risk factor management. Interpretation: The final recommendations on the care of patients with transient ischemic attacks emphasize the importance of urgent evaluation and treatment. The novel approach ...
Intermediate Outcome of Transcatheter Closure of Secundum Atrial
... Methods: From April 2011 to January 2012, 30 patients with secundum type ASD were treated by transcatheter closure of their defects. One year after the procedure Patients included in the study were subjected to thorough history taking, physical examination and 12 leads surface electrocardiogram. Ful ...
... Methods: From April 2011 to January 2012, 30 patients with secundum type ASD were treated by transcatheter closure of their defects. One year after the procedure Patients included in the study were subjected to thorough history taking, physical examination and 12 leads surface electrocardiogram. Ful ...
Electrophysiological Characteristics and
... patient had both typical and reverse typical AFL, and another patient had both typical and atypical AFL. The subjects consist of 16 male and 11 female with the mean age of 54 ± 13 and 48 ± 18 years old respectively. Thirteen patients had incessant tachycardia and intermittent in the remainder. Only ...
... patient had both typical and reverse typical AFL, and another patient had both typical and atypical AFL. The subjects consist of 16 male and 11 female with the mean age of 54 ± 13 and 48 ± 18 years old respectively. Thirteen patients had incessant tachycardia and intermittent in the remainder. Only ...
Myocardial Lysosomes in Experimental Atrial Septal Defects
... suggested that the lysosomes in the right atrium are increased in patients with atrial septal defects. This increase in lysosomes per myocardial cell appears to be directly related to the size of the left to right shunt. The following experiments were performed to see if similar findings could be pr ...
... suggested that the lysosomes in the right atrium are increased in patients with atrial septal defects. This increase in lysosomes per myocardial cell appears to be directly related to the size of the left to right shunt. The following experiments were performed to see if similar findings could be pr ...
Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management
... ECG results, appropriate steps need to be taken to ensure that the tachycardia is recorded and that a symptom-rhythm correlation exists. Hence, the use of ambulatory monitoring and event recorders may be required. At presentation, PSVT may be associated with presyncope, syncope, chest pain, and abno ...
... ECG results, appropriate steps need to be taken to ensure that the tachycardia is recorded and that a symptom-rhythm correlation exists. Hence, the use of ambulatory monitoring and event recorders may be required. At presentation, PSVT may be associated with presyncope, syncope, chest pain, and abno ...
Better Lesion Creation And Assessment During Catheter
... complete electrical disconnection of the PVs from the left atrium (LA) is an important electrophysiological endpoint.28-30 Although electrical disconnection can be achieved almost universally by the end of the procedure, long term efficacy of catheter ablation remains soberingly modest, with single ...
... complete electrical disconnection of the PVs from the left atrium (LA) is an important electrophysiological endpoint.28-30 Although electrical disconnection can be achieved almost universally by the end of the procedure, long term efficacy of catheter ablation remains soberingly modest, with single ...
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.