Comparison of two patients with mitral stenosis and importance of
... mitral valvuloplasty (PBV), the strongest predictor of AF is older age (7). AF per se causes diffuse atrophy of atrial muscle, further atrial enlargement, and further inhomogeneity of refractoriness and conduction. These changes, in turn, lead to irreversible AF (1). AF is the most common arrhythmia ...
... mitral valvuloplasty (PBV), the strongest predictor of AF is older age (7). AF per se causes diffuse atrophy of atrial muscle, further atrial enlargement, and further inhomogeneity of refractoriness and conduction. These changes, in turn, lead to irreversible AF (1). AF is the most common arrhythmia ...
Atrial fibrillation management
... In paroxysmal AF the episodes of arrhythmia, known as paroxysms, are self-limiting. The objective of therapy is to reduce the frequency, or to prevent the occurrence, of paroxysms and to control the ventricular rate during episodes to minimise the likelihood of haemodynamic compromise. Some patients ...
... In paroxysmal AF the episodes of arrhythmia, known as paroxysms, are self-limiting. The objective of therapy is to reduce the frequency, or to prevent the occurrence, of paroxysms and to control the ventricular rate during episodes to minimise the likelihood of haemodynamic compromise. Some patients ...
bio310 test2 with answers
... E. the delay at the AV node. 8. For initiation of cardiac muscle contraction: A. Extracellular calcium is the major source for cardiac contraction. B. Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is the major source for cardiac contraction. C. Troponin is not required for contraction in cardiac muscle. D ...
... E. the delay at the AV node. 8. For initiation of cardiac muscle contraction: A. Extracellular calcium is the major source for cardiac contraction. B. Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is the major source for cardiac contraction. C. Troponin is not required for contraction in cardiac muscle. D ...
Quick Reference Guide: Atrial Fibrillation
... CHA2DS2-VASc score=1: Due to the lack of clinical trial evidence for preferred antithrombotic treatment in patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1, the 2014 ACC/AHA/HRS guidelines6 recommend that no antithrombotic therapy or treatment with an OAC or aspirin may be considered in these patients. Furth ...
... CHA2DS2-VASc score=1: Due to the lack of clinical trial evidence for preferred antithrombotic treatment in patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1, the 2014 ACC/AHA/HRS guidelines6 recommend that no antithrombotic therapy or treatment with an OAC or aspirin may be considered in these patients. Furth ...
Myxomatous Mitral Valve Degeneration PDF
... left atrium. This backflow is called mitral regurgitation. The leak progressively worsens over time causing increased pressure within the heart and also causing the atrium and ventricles to enlarge. Eventually the heart will no longer be able to pump blood efficiently. The increased pressures cause ...
... left atrium. This backflow is called mitral regurgitation. The leak progressively worsens over time causing increased pressure within the heart and also causing the atrium and ventricles to enlarge. Eventually the heart will no longer be able to pump blood efficiently. The increased pressures cause ...
CMA Practice Test Cardiopulmonary procedures
... ____ 27. Holter monitor electrocardiography is used to: a. Detect cardiac dysrhythmias that are intermittent in nature b. Assess the functioning of an artificial pacemaker c. Evaluate patients with unexplained syncope d. Assess the effectiveness of dysrhythmic medications e. All of the above ____ 28 ...
... ____ 27. Holter monitor electrocardiography is used to: a. Detect cardiac dysrhythmias that are intermittent in nature b. Assess the functioning of an artificial pacemaker c. Evaluate patients with unexplained syncope d. Assess the effectiveness of dysrhythmic medications e. All of the above ____ 28 ...
EKG ase Presentations
... • What should you do at this time? a. Synchronized cardioversion b. Treat the patient with metoprolol c. Treat the patient with IV Digoxin d. Massage his carotid arteries e. Treat the patient with IV Adenosine ...
... • What should you do at this time? a. Synchronized cardioversion b. Treat the patient with metoprolol c. Treat the patient with IV Digoxin d. Massage his carotid arteries e. Treat the patient with IV Adenosine ...
PDF - US Pharmacist
... rhythm can develop. An abnormal heart rhythm is called an arrhythmia. Many times these abnormal rhythms are brief and do not significantly affect the overall rate or rhythm of the heart. When the arrhythmia continues for some time, however, the heart may not beat regularly and blood is not pumped ef ...
... rhythm can develop. An abnormal heart rhythm is called an arrhythmia. Many times these abnormal rhythms are brief and do not significantly affect the overall rate or rhythm of the heart. When the arrhythmia continues for some time, however, the heart may not beat regularly and blood is not pumped ef ...
management of patients with acute heart failure and atrial fibrillation
... Acute heart failure (AHF) patients are commonly encountered in intensive care units (ICUs) and their managements are challenging to intensivists. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac rhythms among patients of AHF. It is estimated that 20% to 30% of AHF patients have rapid AF du ...
... Acute heart failure (AHF) patients are commonly encountered in intensive care units (ICUs) and their managements are challenging to intensivists. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac rhythms among patients of AHF. It is estimated that 20% to 30% of AHF patients have rapid AF du ...
Atrial Fibrillation Management
... • Electrical Cardioversion: sedate patient and place setting on direct synchronization then shock • Initial shock setting of 100J 200J 300J 360J until sinus rhythm returns ...
... • Electrical Cardioversion: sedate patient and place setting on direct synchronization then shock • Initial shock setting of 100J 200J 300J 360J until sinus rhythm returns ...
Post-test to accompany acute coronary syndrome
... a) Labetolol b) Cardizem c) Nitroglycerin d) Aspirin 8. When a person is experiencing angina chest pain, what is happening on a cellular level? a) There is excess acid in their stomach causing irritation b) The cardiac muscle is becoming ischaemic and dying c) Their airways are becoming constricted ...
... a) Labetolol b) Cardizem c) Nitroglycerin d) Aspirin 8. When a person is experiencing angina chest pain, what is happening on a cellular level? a) There is excess acid in their stomach causing irritation b) The cardiac muscle is becoming ischaemic and dying c) Their airways are becoming constricted ...
Absolute Contraindications of Exercise Testing • Acute febrile illness
... ventricles. The atria & ventricles are contracting at their own rate & the atria do not communicate the impulse to beat to the ventricles. The atria usually contract faster at a rate of 70-80 per/min; & ventricles contract around 30 per/min. o The slow ventricular rate is associated with a ↓ CO & th ...
... ventricles. The atria & ventricles are contracting at their own rate & the atria do not communicate the impulse to beat to the ventricles. The atria usually contract faster at a rate of 70-80 per/min; & ventricles contract around 30 per/min. o The slow ventricular rate is associated with a ↓ CO & th ...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
... They thus reduce the contractility of the heart, so may be inappropriate in heart failure. Poor /no efficacy in ventricular arrhythmias Uses: paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia reduce ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. ADR bradycardia, A-V block, cardiac arrest and ...
... They thus reduce the contractility of the heart, so may be inappropriate in heart failure. Poor /no efficacy in ventricular arrhythmias Uses: paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia reduce ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. ADR bradycardia, A-V block, cardiac arrest and ...
AFA The Heart Pulse ECG booklet
... Once filled with blood, the atria receive an electrical impulse from the sino-atrial node (SA node). This electrical impulse spreads from the SA node over the walls of the atria and causes it to contract – forcing the blood out of the atria and into the ventricles (bottom chambers of the heart). Whil ...
... Once filled with blood, the atria receive an electrical impulse from the sino-atrial node (SA node). This electrical impulse spreads from the SA node over the walls of the atria and causes it to contract – forcing the blood out of the atria and into the ventricles (bottom chambers of the heart). Whil ...
Supraventricular Tachycardia
... Tachycardia (SVT), the heartbeat is controlled by the SA node (not The normal timer of the heart). Another part of the heart overrides this timer with faster impulses. The source or ‘trigger’ of the impulse in an SVT is somewhere above the ventricles, but the impulse then spreads to the ventricles. ...
... Tachycardia (SVT), the heartbeat is controlled by the SA node (not The normal timer of the heart). Another part of the heart overrides this timer with faster impulses. The source or ‘trigger’ of the impulse in an SVT is somewhere above the ventricles, but the impulse then spreads to the ventricles. ...
ECG Rhythm Study Guide for CORE Advanced
... QRS Duration ‐ Usually normal P Wave ‐ Often buried in preceding T wave P‐R Interval ‐ Depends on site of supraventricular pacemaker Impulses stimulating the heart are not being generated by the sinus node, but instead are coming from a collection of tissue around and involving the atrioventricular ...
... QRS Duration ‐ Usually normal P Wave ‐ Often buried in preceding T wave P‐R Interval ‐ Depends on site of supraventricular pacemaker Impulses stimulating the heart are not being generated by the sinus node, but instead are coming from a collection of tissue around and involving the atrioventricular ...
S0735109712021377_mmc1
... In offline analysis in FIRM-blinded subjects, we defined the dynamic rate-response of human atrial conduction and repolarization (action potential duration [APD]). APD was measured for progressively early extrastimuli and faster pacing rates to define APD restitution curves (7) in human left atria, ...
... In offline analysis in FIRM-blinded subjects, we defined the dynamic rate-response of human atrial conduction and repolarization (action potential duration [APD]). APD was measured for progressively early extrastimuli and faster pacing rates to define APD restitution curves (7) in human left atria, ...
A1985AUW1100001
... believed that atrial conduction was syncytial in nature and followed no special pathway. However, around mid-century Hoffman and his colleagues demonstrated that certain atrial regions (other than the sinus node) behaved in a physiologically specialized fashion, while Moe and his associates showed t ...
... believed that atrial conduction was syncytial in nature and followed no special pathway. However, around mid-century Hoffman and his colleagues demonstrated that certain atrial regions (other than the sinus node) behaved in a physiologically specialized fashion, while Moe and his associates showed t ...
Persistent Atrial Fibrillation And Atrial Flutter Complicated By
... with these forms of heart disease are atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, particularly found in the elderly population. The most frequent clinical manifestation is heart failure. In this case we are reporting a clinical case of a patient that came to our attention because of an episode of heart ...
... with these forms of heart disease are atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, particularly found in the elderly population. The most frequent clinical manifestation is heart failure. In this case we are reporting a clinical case of a patient that came to our attention because of an episode of heart ...
CVP Measurement - Wellington ICU
... CVP WAVEFORM ANALYSIS Dominant a wave – PHT, TS, PS Canon a wave – complete heart block, VT with AV dissociation Dominant v wave – TR Absent x descent – AF Exaggerated x descent – pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis Sharp y descent – severe TR, constrictive pericarditis Slow y descent – ...
... CVP WAVEFORM ANALYSIS Dominant a wave – PHT, TS, PS Canon a wave – complete heart block, VT with AV dissociation Dominant v wave – TR Absent x descent – AF Exaggerated x descent – pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis Sharp y descent – severe TR, constrictive pericarditis Slow y descent – ...
Tissues in the lungs
... Describe how heart action is coordinated with reference to the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node and the Purkyne tissue. Interpret and explain the electrocardiogram (ECG) traces with reference to normal and abnormal heart activity. Coordination of contraction Cardiac muscle is unique in ...
... Describe how heart action is coordinated with reference to the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node and the Purkyne tissue. Interpret and explain the electrocardiogram (ECG) traces with reference to normal and abnormal heart activity. Coordination of contraction Cardiac muscle is unique in ...
Topic D.4 Heart - Cougar science rocks!
... 1. 89 BEATS MIN-1 2. 83 - 89 /89 × 100% = 6.7% DECLINE 3. decline is small/data is variable; experiment limited: face or total exposure might have a more profound reduction/greater time of exposure might have an effect; data is inconclusive ...
... 1. 89 BEATS MIN-1 2. 83 - 89 /89 × 100% = 6.7% DECLINE 3. decline is small/data is variable; experiment limited: face or total exposure might have a more profound reduction/greater time of exposure might have an effect; data is inconclusive ...
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.