Chapter 11 - Nervous Tissue
... 2) gated ion channels open as a result 3) neurotransmitter molecules are eliminated quickly a) degraded by extracellular enzymes in the synapse, with the products re-uptaken and recycled by the axon terminal b) diffuse away from the synapse to the blood circulation ...
... 2) gated ion channels open as a result 3) neurotransmitter molecules are eliminated quickly a) degraded by extracellular enzymes in the synapse, with the products re-uptaken and recycled by the axon terminal b) diffuse away from the synapse to the blood circulation ...
Study Questions - Nervous System
... cerebrum, medulla oblongata, pons, thalamus, hypothalamus. Know the location and main function of each component. What would be the effect of damage individually to each of these components? (11.8) 36. The cerebral cortex is involved in many complex functions of the brain that require coordination o ...
... cerebrum, medulla oblongata, pons, thalamus, hypothalamus. Know the location and main function of each component. What would be the effect of damage individually to each of these components? (11.8) 36. The cerebral cortex is involved in many complex functions of the brain that require coordination o ...
So it is the number of action potentials per second
... concentration outside the cell than inside so sodium moves into the cell. 6. This also would eventually end up at equilibrium such that the concentration gradient for sodium would also disappear. ...
... concentration outside the cell than inside so sodium moves into the cell. 6. This also would eventually end up at equilibrium such that the concentration gradient for sodium would also disappear. ...
Test Your Knowledge!
... A. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft. B. Release of neurotransmitter. C. Ion channel opens on postsynaptic cell. D. Neurotransmitter binds to the postsynaptic receptor. Correct order is ?→ ?→ ?→ ?. ...
... A. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft. B. Release of neurotransmitter. C. Ion channel opens on postsynaptic cell. D. Neurotransmitter binds to the postsynaptic receptor. Correct order is ?→ ?→ ?→ ?. ...
ACh - Perkins Science
... potential. Na+ channels are inactive (not just closed). Relative refractory period can be overcome by a strong stimulus. (while K+ diffuses outward). Each action potential remains a separate, all-or-none event. ...
... potential. Na+ channels are inactive (not just closed). Relative refractory period can be overcome by a strong stimulus. (while K+ diffuses outward). Each action potential remains a separate, all-or-none event. ...
Nervous System Overview
... neuron? There is a pump that uses energy to move three sodium ions out of the neuron for every two potassium ions it puts in. • 11. What role do Potassium ions play in action potential? At rest, potassium ions (K+) can cross through the membrane easily. Also at rest, chloride ions (Cl-)and sodium io ...
... neuron? There is a pump that uses energy to move three sodium ions out of the neuron for every two potassium ions it puts in. • 11. What role do Potassium ions play in action potential? At rest, potassium ions (K+) can cross through the membrane easily. Also at rest, chloride ions (Cl-)and sodium io ...
2. Peripheral Nervous System
... sensory receptor (sensory input) integration (motor output) effector ...
... sensory receptor (sensory input) integration (motor output) effector ...
Nervous System I
... neuron to fire • For this to occur, the threshold stimulus must be reached – Defined level at which impulse will be generated – Effects of multiple stimuli are summative allowing the threshold to be reached ...
... neuron to fire • For this to occur, the threshold stimulus must be reached – Defined level at which impulse will be generated – Effects of multiple stimuli are summative allowing the threshold to be reached ...
Biology 223 - Dr. Stuart Sumida
... • This is the difference in charge between the outside of the cell and the inside of the cell. • The charge difference is due to the differential distribution of charged ions on either side of the membrane. • The primary ions involved are potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) ...
... • This is the difference in charge between the outside of the cell and the inside of the cell. • The charge difference is due to the differential distribution of charged ions on either side of the membrane. • The primary ions involved are potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) ...
Nervous System
... It is an impulse which is a sequence of rapidly occurring events that decreases & eventually reverses the membrane potential called depolarization (make it less negative & even positive) and Then restore it to the resting stage (repolarization). So, AP has both depolarization and repolarization. ...
... It is an impulse which is a sequence of rapidly occurring events that decreases & eventually reverses the membrane potential called depolarization (make it less negative & even positive) and Then restore it to the resting stage (repolarization). So, AP has both depolarization and repolarization. ...
Presentación de PowerPoint
... Ion channels can be studied electrophysiologically (since the movement of ions produces a measurable electric ...
... Ion channels can be studied electrophysiologically (since the movement of ions produces a measurable electric ...
Sarcomere Neuron Synapse Neurotransmitter Motor unit All-or
... A chemical release by a neuron. This chemical travels across the synaptic cleft, allowing the neuron to communicate with another cell ...
... A chemical release by a neuron. This chemical travels across the synaptic cleft, allowing the neuron to communicate with another cell ...
Nervous System: Nervous Tissue (Chapter 12) Lecture Materials for
... The Generation of an Action Potential! ...
... The Generation of an Action Potential! ...
Schwann cells - MsPhilip1234
... • What is the charge inside the neuron at rest? • Why is the cell negative inside and positive outside? (be specific) ...
... • What is the charge inside the neuron at rest? • Why is the cell negative inside and positive outside? (be specific) ...
Ch 2 lec 2
... Cytoskeleton – formed of microtubules and other protein fibers giving the cell its shape. Microtubule – a long strand of bundles of 13 protein filaments arranged around a hollow core; part of the cytoskeleton and involved in transporting substances from place to place within the cell. Axoplasmic Tra ...
... Cytoskeleton – formed of microtubules and other protein fibers giving the cell its shape. Microtubule – a long strand of bundles of 13 protein filaments arranged around a hollow core; part of the cytoskeleton and involved in transporting substances from place to place within the cell. Axoplasmic Tra ...
Lectures 26-27 Study Guide
... pump combined with the K+ leak channels contributes to the negative charge inside the cell. The net flow of K+ out of the neuron proceeds until the chemical and electrical forces are in balance. 7. Action potential (AP): this can travel long distances by regenerating itself along the axon. These are ...
... pump combined with the K+ leak channels contributes to the negative charge inside the cell. The net flow of K+ out of the neuron proceeds until the chemical and electrical forces are in balance. 7. Action potential (AP): this can travel long distances by regenerating itself along the axon. These are ...
File
... 72-74. As potassium diffuses out of the cell, the outside becomes more _positive_, and the inside becomes more _ negative _. Since the opposite charges attract each other, and potassium is positive, the potassium will be _pulled back into the cell_. ...
... 72-74. As potassium diffuses out of the cell, the outside becomes more _positive_, and the inside becomes more _ negative _. Since the opposite charges attract each other, and potassium is positive, the potassium will be _pulled back into the cell_. ...
Action Potentials
... therefore depolarised. • Starts at the axon hillock and moves along the axon ...
... therefore depolarised. • Starts at the axon hillock and moves along the axon ...
Lecture nerve
... B. ligand-gated: open & close in response to particular chemical stimuli (hormone, neurotransmitter, ion) C. mechanically-gated: open with mechanical stimulation ...
... B. ligand-gated: open & close in response to particular chemical stimuli (hormone, neurotransmitter, ion) C. mechanically-gated: open with mechanical stimulation ...
Nerves Day 2
... • 1. Summarize how a nerve fibers become polarized. • 2. List the major events that occur during an action potential. • Explain how impulse conduction differs in myelinated vs. unmyelinated fibers. • Define the all-or-none response. ...
... • 1. Summarize how a nerve fibers become polarized. • 2. List the major events that occur during an action potential. • Explain how impulse conduction differs in myelinated vs. unmyelinated fibers. • Define the all-or-none response. ...
PowerPoint
... membrane of the adjacent nerve cell, it changes the permeability of that membrane. • As a result, Na+ ions diffuse through the membrane into the cell. • If enough neurotransmitter is released by the axon terminal, so many Na+ ions diffuse into the neuron that the neuron becomes DEPOLARIZED. ...
... membrane of the adjacent nerve cell, it changes the permeability of that membrane. • As a result, Na+ ions diffuse through the membrane into the cell. • If enough neurotransmitter is released by the axon terminal, so many Na+ ions diffuse into the neuron that the neuron becomes DEPOLARIZED. ...
Action potential
In physiology, an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells, as well as in some plant cells. In neurons, they play a central role in cell-to-cell communication. In other types of cells, their main function is to activate intracellular processes. In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction. In beta cells of the pancreas, they provoke release of insulin. Action potentials in neurons are also known as ""nerve impulses"" or ""spikes"", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its ""spike train"". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to ""fire"".Action potentials are generated by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane. These channels are shut when the membrane potential is near the resting potential of the cell, but they rapidly begin to open if the membrane potential increases to a precisely defined threshold value. When the channels open (in response to depolarization in transmembrane voltage), they allow an inward flow of sodium ions, which changes the electrochemical gradient, which in turn produces a further rise in the membrane potential. This then causes more channels to open, producing a greater electric current across the cell membrane, and so on. The process proceeds explosively until all of the available ion channels are open, resulting in a large upswing in the membrane potential. The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the polarity of the plasma membrane to reverse, and the ion channels then rapidly inactivate. As the sodium channels close, sodium ions can no longer enter the neuron, and then they are actively transported back out of the plasma membrane. Potassium channels are then activated, and there is an outward current of potassium ions, returning the electrochemical gradient to the resting state. After an action potential has occurred, there is a transient negative shift, called the afterhyperpolarization or refractory period, due to additional potassium currents. This mechanism prevents an action potential from traveling back the way it just came.In animal cells, there are two primary types of action potentials. One type is generated by voltage-gated sodium channels, the other by voltage-gated calcium channels. Sodium-based action potentials usually last for under one millisecond, whereas calcium-based action potentials may last for 100 milliseconds or longer. In some types of neurons, slow calcium spikes provide the driving force for a long burst of rapidly emitted sodium spikes. In cardiac muscle cells, on the other hand, an initial fast sodium spike provides a ""primer"" to provoke the rapid onset of a calcium spike, which then produces muscle contraction.