Ch. 7- Lecture #2 blanks
... D. Transport Proteins1. ________ in the membrane 2. Allow movement of substances in when needed 3. Allows for the movement of _____ products out of the cell ...
... D. Transport Proteins1. ________ in the membrane 2. Allow movement of substances in when needed 3. Allows for the movement of _____ products out of the cell ...
The Nervous System
... EPSPs and IPSPs • Typically, a single synaptic interaction will not create a graded depolarization strong enough to migrate to the axon hillock and induce the firing of an AP. – However, a graded depolarization will bring the neuronal VM closer to threshold. Thus, it’s often referred to as an excit ...
... EPSPs and IPSPs • Typically, a single synaptic interaction will not create a graded depolarization strong enough to migrate to the axon hillock and induce the firing of an AP. – However, a graded depolarization will bring the neuronal VM closer to threshold. Thus, it’s often referred to as an excit ...
Central nervous system
... impulse) starts, it is propagated over the entire axon • Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in • Sodium and potassium are actively transported back to their original positions = ...
... impulse) starts, it is propagated over the entire axon • Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in • Sodium and potassium are actively transported back to their original positions = ...
Tutorial 10: Temporal and Spatial Summation Figure 10: Temporal
... pathways, composed of sites where cells transmitted information to other cells. He called these sites synapses. In addition, Sherrington introduced the possible role of evolution in the development of the nervous system, with his suggestion that higher centers of the brain inhibit the excitatory fun ...
... pathways, composed of sites where cells transmitted information to other cells. He called these sites synapses. In addition, Sherrington introduced the possible role of evolution in the development of the nervous system, with his suggestion that higher centers of the brain inhibit the excitatory fun ...
Biopsychology and the Foundations of Neuroscience Chapter 3
... When the soma decides to pass-on a message, it sends the message down the axon. The axon is a single, larger “transmitter” fiber that extends from the soma. ◦ This is a one way street ...
... When the soma decides to pass-on a message, it sends the message down the axon. The axon is a single, larger “transmitter” fiber that extends from the soma. ◦ This is a one way street ...
CHAPTER 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM I OBJECTIVES 1. Name the two
... The RMP of a nerve cell is measured to be -70 mV or millivolts (inside / outside). It is established by different concentrations of ions in/out, with high K+ in, high Na+, Cl-, Ca++, out; high negatively charged proteins (A-) in. The RMP is maintained by the Na+K+ATPase pump (active transport). ...
... The RMP of a nerve cell is measured to be -70 mV or millivolts (inside / outside). It is established by different concentrations of ions in/out, with high K+ in, high Na+, Cl-, Ca++, out; high negatively charged proteins (A-) in. The RMP is maintained by the Na+K+ATPase pump (active transport). ...
THE NERVE OF IT ALL
... neurotransmitters across synapse to motor neuron -> effect ( contraction or secretion) ...
... neurotransmitters across synapse to motor neuron -> effect ( contraction or secretion) ...
Name________________________ Midterm #1 Biology 3330, Fall
... 13. (11pts) You have learned that 2nd messenger systems are important in synaptic transmission. These 2nd messenger pathways are also important in stimulus transduction in the visual, gustatory and olfactory systems. Complete the chart showing how sensory stimuli are transduced by filling the blan ...
... 13. (11pts) You have learned that 2nd messenger systems are important in synaptic transmission. These 2nd messenger pathways are also important in stimulus transduction in the visual, gustatory and olfactory systems. Complete the chart showing how sensory stimuli are transduced by filling the blan ...
The Synaptic Cleft or Synapse
... A neuron’s axon ends in many small swellings called axon terminals. At the axon terminal the neuron may meet dendrites of another axon or an effector, like a muscle or gland. The space where neurons meet other neurons or effectors is called the synapse. There are presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic ...
... A neuron’s axon ends in many small swellings called axon terminals. At the axon terminal the neuron may meet dendrites of another axon or an effector, like a muscle or gland. The space where neurons meet other neurons or effectors is called the synapse. There are presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic ...
The Nervous System
... 1. Neurons are surrounded by a cell membrane. 2. Neurons have a nucleus that contains genes. 3. Neurons contain cytoplasm with organelles 4. Neurons carry out basic cellular processes such as protein synthesis and energy production. However, neurons differ from other cells in the body because: 1. Ne ...
... 1. Neurons are surrounded by a cell membrane. 2. Neurons have a nucleus that contains genes. 3. Neurons contain cytoplasm with organelles 4. Neurons carry out basic cellular processes such as protein synthesis and energy production. However, neurons differ from other cells in the body because: 1. Ne ...
Biological synaptic functioning ordering activity
... The Biological approach to Psychology Synaptic functioning Put these processes in the correct order ...
... The Biological approach to Psychology Synaptic functioning Put these processes in the correct order ...
Physiology Ch 45 p543-557 [4-25
... -can elicit immediate reactions from brain or be stored as memories for up to years -somatic portion of sensory nervous system transmits sensory information from receptors of entire body surface and from some deep structures -and conducts through spinal cord at all levels, reticular substance of med ...
... -can elicit immediate reactions from brain or be stored as memories for up to years -somatic portion of sensory nervous system transmits sensory information from receptors of entire body surface and from some deep structures -and conducts through spinal cord at all levels, reticular substance of med ...
Problem set #4 - nslc.wustl.edu
... 8.)What are two key pieces of evidence for the quantal hypothesis of vesicular transmission of neurotransmission? (covered in class)0.5pt a.)The release of spontaneous “packets” even in the absence of stimulation, these mini end plate potentials were of the same voltage size as evoked potentials. b. ...
... 8.)What are two key pieces of evidence for the quantal hypothesis of vesicular transmission of neurotransmission? (covered in class)0.5pt a.)The release of spontaneous “packets” even in the absence of stimulation, these mini end plate potentials were of the same voltage size as evoked potentials. b. ...
Unit outline
... Describe one model for facilitated diffusion Explain how active transport differs from diffusion Explain what mechanisms can generate a membrane potential or electrochemical gradient. Explain how potential energy generated by transmembrane solute gradients can be harvested by the cell and used to tr ...
... Describe one model for facilitated diffusion Explain how active transport differs from diffusion Explain what mechanisms can generate a membrane potential or electrochemical gradient. Explain how potential energy generated by transmembrane solute gradients can be harvested by the cell and used to tr ...
1. Biophysics of the Nervous System
... particularly active methabolic Na-K pump, control internal and external concentrations. The action of this pump is in the opposite direction with passive leakage currents. Therefore, the concentrations of Na and K ions are kept at a certain level, by sending excessive ions back. The pump is electric ...
... particularly active methabolic Na-K pump, control internal and external concentrations. The action of this pump is in the opposite direction with passive leakage currents. Therefore, the concentrations of Na and K ions are kept at a certain level, by sending excessive ions back. The pump is electric ...
Synaptic Transmission
... Summation = many subthreshold stimuli received one after another may allow threshold potential to be reached, trigger an AP and begin a NI on a neuron. a. +15 mV = threshold = AP = NI; b. +5, +5, +5, = +15 mV = threshold = AP = NI. ...
... Summation = many subthreshold stimuli received one after another may allow threshold potential to be reached, trigger an AP and begin a NI on a neuron. a. +15 mV = threshold = AP = NI; b. +5, +5, +5, = +15 mV = threshold = AP = NI. ...
membrane potential
... Generation of Action Potentials: A Closer Look • An action potential can be considered as a series of stages • At resting potential 1. Most voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels are closed; most of the voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels are also closed ...
... Generation of Action Potentials: A Closer Look • An action potential can be considered as a series of stages • At resting potential 1. Most voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels are closed; most of the voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels are also closed ...
ANHB1102 Basic Principles of the Nervous System • The nervous
... 3. Secretion (neurotransmitter release) – when an electrical signal reaches the end of nerve fiber, the cell secretes a chemical neurotransmitter that influences the next cell Functional classes of neurons 1. Sensory (afferent) neurons – detect stimuli and transmit information about them toward the ...
... 3. Secretion (neurotransmitter release) – when an electrical signal reaches the end of nerve fiber, the cell secretes a chemical neurotransmitter that influences the next cell Functional classes of neurons 1. Sensory (afferent) neurons – detect stimuli and transmit information about them toward the ...
unit 3 study sheet - El Camino College
... 5. Review the ventricles and the flow of CSF throughout the skull and vertebral column, how it’s produced, and circulated. How does CSF relate to the blood-brain barrier? 6. Review the meninge layers. How are they different in the brain vs the spinal cord region? What other structures serve to prote ...
... 5. Review the ventricles and the flow of CSF throughout the skull and vertebral column, how it’s produced, and circulated. How does CSF relate to the blood-brain barrier? 6. Review the meninge layers. How are they different in the brain vs the spinal cord region? What other structures serve to prote ...
Document
... Membrane potential difference called the “resting potential” Electrodes external to the cell cannot detect this potential However, when the cell (for example, a muscle fiber) generates an action potential, we can detect this, because it generates an electric field around the fiber. ...
... Membrane potential difference called the “resting potential” Electrodes external to the cell cannot detect this potential However, when the cell (for example, a muscle fiber) generates an action potential, we can detect this, because it generates an electric field around the fiber. ...
Diapositive 1
... Vigorous firing of action potentials in the postsynaptic neuron causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open, Ca2+ enters the cell in large quantities, and intracellular [Ca2+] rises. ...
... Vigorous firing of action potentials in the postsynaptic neuron causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open, Ca2+ enters the cell in large quantities, and intracellular [Ca2+] rises. ...
The Nervous System - School District of New Berlin
... • The result- the interior of the cell is negatively charged with respect to the exteriorpolarization ...
... • The result- the interior of the cell is negatively charged with respect to the exteriorpolarization ...
External anatomy of the ear
... 4. Stapes vibrates back and forth in the oval window, thus vibrating the oval window membrane. 5. Vibration of oval window membrane causes fluid pressure waves in the perilymph of the ...
... 4. Stapes vibrates back and forth in the oval window, thus vibrating the oval window membrane. 5. Vibration of oval window membrane causes fluid pressure waves in the perilymph of the ...
Synapses - UBC Zoology
... •Glycine Receptor - major receptor is a Cl - channel - inhibitory - like GABA receptor in that usually causes IPSPs - blocked by strychnine (rat poison) which literally causes convulsions and death as now the motor neurons are not inhibited and the muscles contract without control. Yikes! ...
... •Glycine Receptor - major receptor is a Cl - channel - inhibitory - like GABA receptor in that usually causes IPSPs - blocked by strychnine (rat poison) which literally causes convulsions and death as now the motor neurons are not inhibited and the muscles contract without control. Yikes! ...
Action potential
In physiology, an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells, as well as in some plant cells. In neurons, they play a central role in cell-to-cell communication. In other types of cells, their main function is to activate intracellular processes. In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction. In beta cells of the pancreas, they provoke release of insulin. Action potentials in neurons are also known as ""nerve impulses"" or ""spikes"", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its ""spike train"". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to ""fire"".Action potentials are generated by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane. These channels are shut when the membrane potential is near the resting potential of the cell, but they rapidly begin to open if the membrane potential increases to a precisely defined threshold value. When the channels open (in response to depolarization in transmembrane voltage), they allow an inward flow of sodium ions, which changes the electrochemical gradient, which in turn produces a further rise in the membrane potential. This then causes more channels to open, producing a greater electric current across the cell membrane, and so on. The process proceeds explosively until all of the available ion channels are open, resulting in a large upswing in the membrane potential. The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the polarity of the plasma membrane to reverse, and the ion channels then rapidly inactivate. As the sodium channels close, sodium ions can no longer enter the neuron, and then they are actively transported back out of the plasma membrane. Potassium channels are then activated, and there is an outward current of potassium ions, returning the electrochemical gradient to the resting state. After an action potential has occurred, there is a transient negative shift, called the afterhyperpolarization or refractory period, due to additional potassium currents. This mechanism prevents an action potential from traveling back the way it just came.In animal cells, there are two primary types of action potentials. One type is generated by voltage-gated sodium channels, the other by voltage-gated calcium channels. Sodium-based action potentials usually last for under one millisecond, whereas calcium-based action potentials may last for 100 milliseconds or longer. In some types of neurons, slow calcium spikes provide the driving force for a long burst of rapidly emitted sodium spikes. In cardiac muscle cells, on the other hand, an initial fast sodium spike provides a ""primer"" to provoke the rapid onset of a calcium spike, which then produces muscle contraction.