Whisker sensory system – From receptor to decision
... One of the great challenges of systems neuroscience is to understand how the neocortex transforms neuronal representations of the physical characteristics of sensory stimuli into the percepts which can guide the animal’s decisions. Here we present progress made in understanding behavioral and neurop ...
... One of the great challenges of systems neuroscience is to understand how the neocortex transforms neuronal representations of the physical characteristics of sensory stimuli into the percepts which can guide the animal’s decisions. Here we present progress made in understanding behavioral and neurop ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... mechanisms as well, thus altering various intraneuronal maps, either locally or globally, in an intricately coupled manner. Several common themes emerge by comparing plasticity in these intraneuronal maps to plasticity in sensory maps. For instance, studies involving the effects of dark rearing on v ...
... mechanisms as well, thus altering various intraneuronal maps, either locally or globally, in an intricately coupled manner. Several common themes emerge by comparing plasticity in these intraneuronal maps to plasticity in sensory maps. For instance, studies involving the effects of dark rearing on v ...
Neurophysiology of sleep-wake states in relation to consciousness
... potentials (EPSPs), which easily pass the low-level threshold of geniculate neurons firing in the tonic or relay mode. Obviously, this can be regarded as the underlying process of the high transfer ratio. All EPSPs generate outgoing action potentials and the transmission occurs in a way of ‘one inp ...
... potentials (EPSPs), which easily pass the low-level threshold of geniculate neurons firing in the tonic or relay mode. Obviously, this can be regarded as the underlying process of the high transfer ratio. All EPSPs generate outgoing action potentials and the transmission occurs in a way of ‘one inp ...
IBRO 2008
... In the cortical network, accurately timed and located GABA release co-operates with the information-carrying glutamatergic inputs to govern the spike timing of pyramidal cells responsible for representations (refs 1,2). Space and time in the network forms an indivisible unity of evolutionary design. ...
... In the cortical network, accurately timed and located GABA release co-operates with the information-carrying glutamatergic inputs to govern the spike timing of pyramidal cells responsible for representations (refs 1,2). Space and time in the network forms an indivisible unity of evolutionary design. ...
Full Article - CIHR Research Group in Sensory
... from )50 to +20 ms surrounding target onset for the 650-ms CTOA (‘Pretarget Epoch’; light bars, Fig. 2). Figure 3A–C plots the differences in mean peak firing rates for the different epochs in the Valid and Invalid conditions. Pretarget analysis was not performed on data obtained at the 250-ms CTOA t ...
... from )50 to +20 ms surrounding target onset for the 650-ms CTOA (‘Pretarget Epoch’; light bars, Fig. 2). Figure 3A–C plots the differences in mean peak firing rates for the different epochs in the Valid and Invalid conditions. Pretarget analysis was not performed on data obtained at the 250-ms CTOA t ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... elicited by the fat, stimuli with a similar mouth feel but non-fat chemical composition were used. These stimuli included paraffin/MO (pure hydrocarbon, viscosity 25 cP at 23 °C, Sigma), and silicone oil (SiO; Si(CH3)2O)n, 10, 100 or 280, and 1000 cP (Brookfield viscometer calibration fluid except 2 ...
... elicited by the fat, stimuli with a similar mouth feel but non-fat chemical composition were used. These stimuli included paraffin/MO (pure hydrocarbon, viscosity 25 cP at 23 °C, Sigma), and silicone oil (SiO; Si(CH3)2O)n, 10, 100 or 280, and 1000 cP (Brookfield viscometer calibration fluid except 2 ...
Physiological Patterns in the Hippocampo
... activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and accomplish emergent processes such as memory formation is not well-understood. We lack sufficient understanding of how neuronal ensembles in general can function transiently and distinctively from other neuronal ensembles. Ensemble interactions ...
... activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and accomplish emergent processes such as memory formation is not well-understood. We lack sufficient understanding of how neuronal ensembles in general can function transiently and distinctively from other neuronal ensembles. Ensemble interactions ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... for 30 minutes for LMS (5 animals in each time group). In this model, after the restoration of blood flow, only ischemic penumbra with progressing disseminated selective neuronal necrosis (DSNN) appeared in the coronal face sectioned at the infundibular level (Face B) and focal infarction evolved am ...
... for 30 minutes for LMS (5 animals in each time group). In this model, after the restoration of blood flow, only ischemic penumbra with progressing disseminated selective neuronal necrosis (DSNN) appeared in the coronal face sectioned at the infundibular level (Face B) and focal infarction evolved am ...
Combination of LSTM and CNN for recognizing mathematical symbols
... Combination of LSTM and CNN for recognizing mathematical symbols HAI Nguyen Dai † ANH Le Duc‡ and Masaki NAKAGAWA* Department of Computer and InformationScience, Tokyo University of A&T ...
... Combination of LSTM and CNN for recognizing mathematical symbols HAI Nguyen Dai † ANH Le Duc‡ and Masaki NAKAGAWA* Department of Computer and InformationScience, Tokyo University of A&T ...
What is the role of muscle receptors in proprioception?
... different map from that accessed by sensory input, one that is not the subject’s first choice. The motor map remained unaffected by muscle vibration, whereas the sensory map was distorted by it. The illusions seen in subjects after whole-body paralysis10 could be interpreted in terms of conflicting in ...
... different map from that accessed by sensory input, one that is not the subject’s first choice. The motor map remained unaffected by muscle vibration, whereas the sensory map was distorted by it. The illusions seen in subjects after whole-body paralysis10 could be interpreted in terms of conflicting in ...
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Mediodorsal Thalamic
... two screws to serve as a ground. Two bipolar electrodes for intracranial stimulation were implanted in the medial forebrain bundle (anterior, 25.2 from bregma; lateral, 60.8; ventral, 8.2), according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1986). After the cut end of the temporal muscle was covered with ...
... two screws to serve as a ground. Two bipolar electrodes for intracranial stimulation were implanted in the medial forebrain bundle (anterior, 25.2 from bregma; lateral, 60.8; ventral, 8.2), according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1986). After the cut end of the temporal muscle was covered with ...
13 Nervous System
... The brain is always involved in voluntary actions but reflexes are automatic, and some do not require involvement of the brain. The Reflex Arc When a reflex occurs a stimulus causes sensory receptors to generate nerve impulses which are conducted by sensory nerve fibers to interneurons in the spinal ...
... The brain is always involved in voluntary actions but reflexes are automatic, and some do not require involvement of the brain. The Reflex Arc When a reflex occurs a stimulus causes sensory receptors to generate nerve impulses which are conducted by sensory nerve fibers to interneurons in the spinal ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... used to calculate the total number of HVC neurons, of fluorogoldbackfilled HVC neurons, of ‘H-labeled HVC neurons, and of ‘H-labeled fluorogold-backfilled HVC neurons. In some animals, fluorogold injections missed RA on one side of the brain. When this occurred, values from the remaining hemisphere ...
... used to calculate the total number of HVC neurons, of fluorogoldbackfilled HVC neurons, of ‘H-labeled HVC neurons, and of ‘H-labeled fluorogold-backfilled HVC neurons. In some animals, fluorogold injections missed RA on one side of the brain. When this occurred, values from the remaining hemisphere ...
PART IV INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION IN HUMANS
... The brain is always involved in voluntary actions but reflexes are automatic, and some do not require involvement of the brain. The Reflex Arc When a reflex occurs a stimulus causes sensory receptors to generate nerve impulses which are conducted by sensory nerve fibers to interneurons in the spinal ...
... The brain is always involved in voluntary actions but reflexes are automatic, and some do not require involvement of the brain. The Reflex Arc When a reflex occurs a stimulus causes sensory receptors to generate nerve impulses which are conducted by sensory nerve fibers to interneurons in the spinal ...
The kinaesthetic senses
... adjacent to each joint allows them to provide joint-specific information (Collins et al. 2005). Furthermore, it has recently been pointed out that whenever a muscle spans more than one joint this can compromise its spindles’ ability to detect movements (Sturnieks et al. 2007). While joint receptors ...
... adjacent to each joint allows them to provide joint-specific information (Collins et al. 2005). Furthermore, it has recently been pointed out that whenever a muscle spans more than one joint this can compromise its spindles’ ability to detect movements (Sturnieks et al. 2007). While joint receptors ...
NIH Public Access
... specific to PV+ neurons (Fig. 1a). To measure the effect of ChR2 activation, we inserted a multichannel silicon probe4,5 near the injection site for simultaneous recording from all cortical layers (Supplementary Fig. 1b). Upon stimulation with blue (473 nm) laser, a small fraction (12/96, 13%) of th ...
... specific to PV+ neurons (Fig. 1a). To measure the effect of ChR2 activation, we inserted a multichannel silicon probe4,5 near the injection site for simultaneous recording from all cortical layers (Supplementary Fig. 1b). Upon stimulation with blue (473 nm) laser, a small fraction (12/96, 13%) of th ...
Chapter 15: Special Senses
... • Spastic paralysis = damage upper motor neurons – paralysis on opposite side from injury – increased muscle tone – exaggerated reflexes Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
... • Spastic paralysis = damage upper motor neurons – paralysis on opposite side from injury – increased muscle tone – exaggerated reflexes Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
Evolving Robots Able to Visually Discriminate Between - laral
... described in the previous section. This can be illustrated by analyzing the behavior of the individual shown in Fig. 8 that shows the behavior of a typical successful individual. The robot rotates clockwise on the spot until it starts to perceive one of the two objects with the camera (in this case, ...
... described in the previous section. This can be illustrated by analyzing the behavior of the individual shown in Fig. 8 that shows the behavior of a typical successful individual. The robot rotates clockwise on the spot until it starts to perceive one of the two objects with the camera (in this case, ...
Handout: E-Brain Manual - Faculty Web Sites at the University of
... can see these clearly on the dorsal surface as thicker, whiter areas of dura. The Sella Turcica The sella turcica [Latin; Turkish saddle] is a portion of the sphenoid bone, called the body, at the base of the brain that protects the pituitary gland. Some of the cranial nerves enter or exit the sella ...
... can see these clearly on the dorsal surface as thicker, whiter areas of dura. The Sella Turcica The sella turcica [Latin; Turkish saddle] is a portion of the sphenoid bone, called the body, at the base of the brain that protects the pituitary gland. Some of the cranial nerves enter or exit the sella ...
The columnar organization of the neocortex
... migration and cortical plate formation has since been observed in a number of mammalian species, and is particularly sharp in primates (Rakic, 1974). The sequence and the settling pattern is prominent in foetal human brains of different ages, suggesting that a similar pattern occurs in man. The path ...
... migration and cortical plate formation has since been observed in a number of mammalian species, and is particularly sharp in primates (Rakic, 1974). The sequence and the settling pattern is prominent in foetal human brains of different ages, suggesting that a similar pattern occurs in man. The path ...
(2006) A cognitive signal for the proactive timing of action in
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
Behavioral dopamine signals
... not only sensitive to the expected value of the reward relative to its prediction, but is also sensitive to the time of the predicted reward. A reward that is shifted backwards or forwards in time by 500 ms induces activation at its new time. Depression occurs at the original reward time if the rewa ...
... not only sensitive to the expected value of the reward relative to its prediction, but is also sensitive to the time of the predicted reward. A reward that is shifted backwards or forwards in time by 500 ms induces activation at its new time. Depression occurs at the original reward time if the rewa ...
The parasympathetic system
... Schematic representation of the ENS. A, The submucosal (or Meissner's) plexus is located between the muscularis mucosae and the circular muscle of the muscularis externa. The myenteric (or Auerbach's) plexus is located between the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa. In additi ...
... Schematic representation of the ENS. A, The submucosal (or Meissner's) plexus is located between the muscularis mucosae and the circular muscle of the muscularis externa. The myenteric (or Auerbach's) plexus is located between the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa. In additi ...