Cholesterol and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
... Michel Eugène Chevreul [34], although other authors (e.g. [101]) attribute the discovery, also in gallstones, to the French chemist and physician François Poulletier de la Salle, in 1789. It was only in 1859 that cholesterol was identified as an alcohol by Berthelot [59] and in 1888 F. Reinitzer det ...
... Michel Eugène Chevreul [34], although other authors (e.g. [101]) attribute the discovery, also in gallstones, to the French chemist and physician François Poulletier de la Salle, in 1789. It was only in 1859 that cholesterol was identified as an alcohol by Berthelot [59] and in 1888 F. Reinitzer det ...
Electron transport chain…
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
J., Schornack, S., Spallek, T., Geldner, N., Chory
... et al., 2011). This is further substantiated by the localization pattern of the Arabidopsis powdery mildew resistance protein RPW8.2, which localizes to ER/Golgi-type vesicles and is present at the EHM of Golovinomyces cichoracearum (Wang et al., 2009). However, the subcellular changes underlying ac ...
... et al., 2011). This is further substantiated by the localization pattern of the Arabidopsis powdery mildew resistance protein RPW8.2, which localizes to ER/Golgi-type vesicles and is present at the EHM of Golovinomyces cichoracearum (Wang et al., 2009). However, the subcellular changes underlying ac ...
Proteomic analyses of Oryza sativa mature pollen reveal novel
... the ovule by its polarily growing pollen tube. Yet the molecular genetic basis of these functions is poorly understood. Here, we identified 322 unique proteins, most of which were not reported previously to be in pollen, from mature pollen of Oryza sativa L. ssp japonica using a proteomic approach, ...
... the ovule by its polarily growing pollen tube. Yet the molecular genetic basis of these functions is poorly understood. Here, we identified 322 unique proteins, most of which were not reported previously to be in pollen, from mature pollen of Oryza sativa L. ssp japonica using a proteomic approach, ...
Algae - IDC
... Algae are Eukaryotes that engage in photosynthesis within membrane-bound organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain circular DNA and are similar in structure to Cyanobacteria, ostensibly representing reduced cyanobacterial endosymbionts. The chloroplast character differs among the lines of ...
... Algae are Eukaryotes that engage in photosynthesis within membrane-bound organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain circular DNA and are similar in structure to Cyanobacteria, ostensibly representing reduced cyanobacterial endosymbionts. The chloroplast character differs among the lines of ...
Roles of Arabidopsis PARC6 in Coordination of
... et al., 2009), no interaction between FtsZ1 and PARC677-573 was detected (Fig. 2, row 1). In contrast, PARC677-573 exhibited a specific interaction with FtsZ2 (Fig. 2, row 2). Although the latter results suggested that PARC6357-573 could be responsible for the PARC6 interaction with FtsZ2, this regio ...
... et al., 2009), no interaction between FtsZ1 and PARC677-573 was detected (Fig. 2, row 1). In contrast, PARC677-573 exhibited a specific interaction with FtsZ2 (Fig. 2, row 2). Although the latter results suggested that PARC6357-573 could be responsible for the PARC6 interaction with FtsZ2, this regio ...
Distinct C-terminal Amino Acid Sequence Motifs Serve
... identifying and characterising distinct, C-terminal targeting motifs responsible for the proper sorting of at least a subset of these proteins. Collectively, the results of this thesis provide important insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the biogenesis of TA proteins in plant cells. ...
... identifying and characterising distinct, C-terminal targeting motifs responsible for the proper sorting of at least a subset of these proteins. Collectively, the results of this thesis provide important insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the biogenesis of TA proteins in plant cells. ...
Mitochondrial Functions in Mood Disorders
... gen species (ROS) production, integrity of mitochondrial membranes, apoptosis, and intramitochondrial Ca2+ levels. Although this is known, the control mechanisms have not yet been sufficiently investigated. 2.1. Physiology of oxidative phosphorylation The respiratory chain is localized in cristae, s ...
... gen species (ROS) production, integrity of mitochondrial membranes, apoptosis, and intramitochondrial Ca2+ levels. Although this is known, the control mechanisms have not yet been sufficiently investigated. 2.1. Physiology of oxidative phosphorylation The respiratory chain is localized in cristae, s ...
7 rounds of beta oxidation
... Fatty acids (FA) from the diet or from the degradation of triglycerides stored in adipose cells are broken down further to smaller molecules to completely metabolize them and therefore release energy. This process of catabolism of FA includes three major parts: ...
... Fatty acids (FA) from the diet or from the degradation of triglycerides stored in adipose cells are broken down further to smaller molecules to completely metabolize them and therefore release energy. This process of catabolism of FA includes three major parts: ...
Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... (Lu et al. 1998). Physiological experiments in L. donovani also suggested the presence of the V-Hþ-ATPase and the V-Hþ-PPase in different compartments (Rodrigues et al. 1999b). The V-Hþ-PPase also exists elsewhere in some species. It was initially described in chromatophore membranes of Rhodospirill ...
... (Lu et al. 1998). Physiological experiments in L. donovani also suggested the presence of the V-Hþ-ATPase and the V-Hþ-PPase in different compartments (Rodrigues et al. 1999b). The V-Hþ-PPase also exists elsewhere in some species. It was initially described in chromatophore membranes of Rhodospirill ...
practice oxidative phosphorylation worksheet11
... passively down the concentration gradient through Protein Complex V, the inner domain of the protein complex “rotates.” This energy that is released from the passive movement of H+ (exergonic reaction) is now coupled to the endergonic synthesis of ATP, ADP + Pi ATP. Oxidative Phosphorylation (occu ...
... passively down the concentration gradient through Protein Complex V, the inner domain of the protein complex “rotates.” This energy that is released from the passive movement of H+ (exergonic reaction) is now coupled to the endergonic synthesis of ATP, ADP + Pi ATP. Oxidative Phosphorylation (occu ...
Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... (Lu et al. 1998). Physiological experiments in L. donovani also suggested the presence of the V-Hþ-ATPase and the V-Hþ-PPase in different compartments (Rodrigues et al. 1999b). The V-Hþ-PPase also exists elsewhere in some species. It was initially described in chromatophore membranes of Rhodospirill ...
... (Lu et al. 1998). Physiological experiments in L. donovani also suggested the presence of the V-Hþ-ATPase and the V-Hþ-PPase in different compartments (Rodrigues et al. 1999b). The V-Hþ-PPase also exists elsewhere in some species. It was initially described in chromatophore membranes of Rhodospirill ...
Influenza virus assembly and budding
... proteins are expressed that are not incorporated into the mature virion. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a multi-functional protein with a major role in evasion of the host immune system. NS2 (NEP) plays a crucial role in mediating the export of viral RNPs from the cell nucleus during replication. ...
... proteins are expressed that are not incorporated into the mature virion. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a multi-functional protein with a major role in evasion of the host immune system. NS2 (NEP) plays a crucial role in mediating the export of viral RNPs from the cell nucleus during replication. ...
Ca2+ signalling and control of guard-cell volume in stomatal
... in the past four years, have yielded some of the most exciting new findings in plant cell signalling. Stomatal movements are achieved through changes in guard-cell volume, which, in turn, are driven by the accumulation (during opening) and loss (during closing) of osmotically active solutes (i.e. KC ...
... in the past four years, have yielded some of the most exciting new findings in plant cell signalling. Stomatal movements are achieved through changes in guard-cell volume, which, in turn, are driven by the accumulation (during opening) and loss (during closing) of osmotically active solutes (i.e. KC ...
Lecture 3 Isoelectric Focusing
... It will become -ve (pH>pI and migrate to the anode (+electrode attracts -ion)) As it passes through the gel, eg when it reaches pH 9 region, it becomes less -vely charged (pH not so much >pI) (+electrode does not attract protein so much – protein slows down) When reaches the pH 8 region, protein cha ...
... It will become -ve (pH>pI and migrate to the anode (+electrode attracts -ion)) As it passes through the gel, eg when it reaches pH 9 region, it becomes less -vely charged (pH not so much >pI) (+electrode does not attract protein so much – protein slows down) When reaches the pH 8 region, protein cha ...
REVIEWS Structural insights into the function of the
... The ~-isoform of GDI has been mapped to the gene rich G6PD locus in human Xq28 ~ef. 6). The amino acid sequence of GDI is well conserved from yeast to man (>50%), with >80% identity between mammalian homologues 7. In mammals, there are three recognized isoforms, although Southern blot analysis of ge ...
... The ~-isoform of GDI has been mapped to the gene rich G6PD locus in human Xq28 ~ef. 6). The amino acid sequence of GDI is well conserved from yeast to man (>50%), with >80% identity between mammalian homologues 7. In mammals, there are three recognized isoforms, although Southern blot analysis of ge ...
The Biochemistry of C 4 Photosynthesis
... (Ohsugi et al., 1982; Prendergast et al., 1986). The main initial product of 14CO2-fixation is aspartate via aspartate aminotransferase in the MC cytoplasm. The aspartate is transported to BSC mitochondria, where it is deaminated by aspartate aminotransferase. The product oxaloacetate is reduced to ...
... (Ohsugi et al., 1982; Prendergast et al., 1986). The main initial product of 14CO2-fixation is aspartate via aspartate aminotransferase in the MC cytoplasm. The aspartate is transported to BSC mitochondria, where it is deaminated by aspartate aminotransferase. The product oxaloacetate is reduced to ...
10 Translocation in the Phloem Chapter
... tional relationship and a ready exchange of solutes between the two cells. The plasmodesmata are often complex and branched on the companion cell side. Companion cells play a role in the transport of photosynthetic products from producing cells in mature leaves to the sieve elements in the minor (sm ...
... tional relationship and a ready exchange of solutes between the two cells. The plasmodesmata are often complex and branched on the companion cell side. Companion cells play a role in the transport of photosynthetic products from producing cells in mature leaves to the sieve elements in the minor (sm ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
Plant Physiology
... system for the study of leaf senescence. Various senescenceinduced modifications in such leaves have been documented. These include structural alterations in the volume and shape of the chloroplast (5, 6, 9) as well as changes in several metabolic activities. The latter are reflected in the well kno ...
... system for the study of leaf senescence. Various senescenceinduced modifications in such leaves have been documented. These include structural alterations in the volume and shape of the chloroplast (5, 6, 9) as well as changes in several metabolic activities. The latter are reflected in the well kno ...
The Vps13p–Cdc31p complex is directly required for TGN late
... Abazeed and Fuller, 2008; De et al., 2013) and for TGN homotypic fusion (Brickner et al., 2001), we now show that a purified Vps13p–Cdc31p complex is required directly for both of these processes. Purified Vps13p binds to yeast membranes in an ATP-stimulated fashion and exhibits strong, specific int ...
... Abazeed and Fuller, 2008; De et al., 2013) and for TGN homotypic fusion (Brickner et al., 2001), we now show that a purified Vps13p–Cdc31p complex is required directly for both of these processes. Purified Vps13p binds to yeast membranes in an ATP-stimulated fashion and exhibits strong, specific int ...
Structure and properties of the outer membranes of Brucella abortus
... grown B. abortus [25] but, although its expression in Brucella has not been observed, Omp2a increases the permeability to maltodextrins when cloned in E. coli [25]. As judged by detergent extraction, the ration porin/group 3 Omp is diminished in B. melitensis with respect to B. abortus, and a furthe ...
... grown B. abortus [25] but, although its expression in Brucella has not been observed, Omp2a increases the permeability to maltodextrins when cloned in E. coli [25]. As judged by detergent extraction, the ration porin/group 3 Omp is diminished in B. melitensis with respect to B. abortus, and a furthe ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... electron transport chain on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The synthesis of ATP inside a mitochondrion is the result of oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis and is part of the process of cellular respiration. The correct answer is b—the movement of hydrogen ions through an ATP synthas ...
... electron transport chain on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The synthesis of ATP inside a mitochondrion is the result of oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis and is part of the process of cellular respiration. The correct answer is b—the movement of hydrogen ions through an ATP synthas ...
Thylakoid
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.