Cellular Respiration
... • Each NADH contributes enough E to generate a maximum of 3 ATP • In some eukaryotic cells, NADH produced in the cytosol by glycolysis may only be worth 2 ATP – The e-s must be shuttled to the mitochondrion – In some shuttle systems, the e-s are passed to NAD+, in others the e-s are passed to FAD • ...
... • Each NADH contributes enough E to generate a maximum of 3 ATP • In some eukaryotic cells, NADH produced in the cytosol by glycolysis may only be worth 2 ATP – The e-s must be shuttled to the mitochondrion – In some shuttle systems, the e-s are passed to NAD+, in others the e-s are passed to FAD • ...
Rab cascades and tethering factors in the endomembrane system
... positive feedback-loop, mediated by a GEF-effector complex, is responsible for generating stable, Rab5 positive endosomal structures. Upon membrane recruitment, Rab5 gets activated by the Rabex-5 exchange factor. Rab5-GTP is then able to interact with its effector Rabaptin5, which forms a complex wi ...
... positive feedback-loop, mediated by a GEF-effector complex, is responsible for generating stable, Rab5 positive endosomal structures. Upon membrane recruitment, Rab5 gets activated by the Rabex-5 exchange factor. Rab5-GTP is then able to interact with its effector Rabaptin5, which forms a complex wi ...
What is the neuron`s resting potential?
... ions (most permeable to K+ and Cl-; least permeable to negatively charged protein ions). 2. The action of sodium-potassium pumps (continually exchange three Na+ ions inside the neuron for two K+ ions outside of the neuron). ...
... ions (most permeable to K+ and Cl-; least permeable to negatively charged protein ions). 2. The action of sodium-potassium pumps (continually exchange three Na+ ions inside the neuron for two K+ ions outside of the neuron). ...
File
... A) generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain. B) a proton gradient across a membrane. C) transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate. D) high energy phosphate bonds in organic molecules. E) converting oxygen to ATP. ...
... A) generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain. B) a proton gradient across a membrane. C) transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate. D) high energy phosphate bonds in organic molecules. E) converting oxygen to ATP. ...
File - western undergrad. by the students, for the students.
... also have internal membranes that divide the cell into different compartments (Fig 11-3, p.366). Biological membranes have several important functions: 1. They separate the contents of a cell or organelle from the surrounding environment. 2. They control import and export of molecules (e.g., nutrien ...
... also have internal membranes that divide the cell into different compartments (Fig 11-3, p.366). Biological membranes have several important functions: 1. They separate the contents of a cell or organelle from the surrounding environment. 2. They control import and export of molecules (e.g., nutrien ...
Protein Sorting and Transport - The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi
... released into the cytosol when their translation is complete. ...
... released into the cytosol when their translation is complete. ...
File
... Creatine phosphate breaks down to release energy and phosphate that is used to convert ADP to ATP at a fast rate. This system can only support strenuous muscle activity for around 10 seconds, when the creatine phosphate supply runs out. It is restored when energy demands are low. Lactic acid metabol ...
... Creatine phosphate breaks down to release energy and phosphate that is used to convert ADP to ATP at a fast rate. This system can only support strenuous muscle activity for around 10 seconds, when the creatine phosphate supply runs out. It is restored when energy demands are low. Lactic acid metabol ...
6 systems biology of cell organization
... Although the genome contains the information to make proteins with specific structures and functions, the study of individual proteins does not allow us to completely understand how the parts of cells are made, and how they maintain cellular organization. To appreciate the dynamic form and function ...
... Although the genome contains the information to make proteins with specific structures and functions, the study of individual proteins does not allow us to completely understand how the parts of cells are made, and how they maintain cellular organization. To appreciate the dynamic form and function ...
Pg. 109 Action Potentials
... Difference in electrical charge Cytoplasm (-) and ECM (+) Represent this as voltage ...
... Difference in electrical charge Cytoplasm (-) and ECM (+) Represent this as voltage ...
Bioenergetics Objectives Objectives
... • Normally, O2 is available in the mitochondria to accept H+ (and e-) from NADH produced in glycolysis ...
... • Normally, O2 is available in the mitochondria to accept H+ (and e-) from NADH produced in glycolysis ...
PP Chapter 9 - Maria Regina High School
... broken in half and energy (ATP) is released. • 1st: 2 ATP molecules are used to break apart the glucose • 2nd: The process of breaking apart the glucose produces 4 ATP molecules + 2 pyruvic ...
... broken in half and energy (ATP) is released. • 1st: 2 ATP molecules are used to break apart the glucose • 2nd: The process of breaking apart the glucose produces 4 ATP molecules + 2 pyruvic ...
DERIVATIVES OF THE ENDODERMAL GERM LAYER
... This membrane separates the stomadeum,(the primitive oral cavity derived from ectoderm), from the pharynx, (a part of the foregut derived from endoderm). In the fourth week, the oropharngeal membrane ruptures, establishing an open connection between the oral cavity and the primitive gut ...
... This membrane separates the stomadeum,(the primitive oral cavity derived from ectoderm), from the pharynx, (a part of the foregut derived from endoderm). In the fourth week, the oropharngeal membrane ruptures, establishing an open connection between the oral cavity and the primitive gut ...
STUMBLING UPON ACTIVE TRANSPORT
... were actively investigating the physiology of the cell membrane, which plays a role in a number of biological processes. It was well known that the concentration of many ions differs inside and outside the cell. For example, the cell maintains a lower intracellular sodium (Na) concentration and hig ...
... were actively investigating the physiology of the cell membrane, which plays a role in a number of biological processes. It was well known that the concentration of many ions differs inside and outside the cell. For example, the cell maintains a lower intracellular sodium (Na) concentration and hig ...
- Free Documents
... However. cytochrome oxidase. which is then reduced to FADH and FADH passes the electrons through the electron transport chain. In the process the electrons are passed to FAD. the copper ions are intermediate electron acceptors that lie between the two atype cytochromes in the sequence Cyt c cyt a Cu ...
... However. cytochrome oxidase. which is then reduced to FADH and FADH passes the electrons through the electron transport chain. In the process the electrons are passed to FAD. the copper ions are intermediate electron acceptors that lie between the two atype cytochromes in the sequence Cyt c cyt a Cu ...
Table of Contents - Milan Area Schools
... reductase complex which in turn passes them to cytochrome c. • Next to receive them is cytochrome c oxidase complex. Then they are passed to O2. • Reduced oxygen unites with two hydrogen ions to form water. ...
... reductase complex which in turn passes them to cytochrome c. • Next to receive them is cytochrome c oxidase complex. Then they are passed to O2. • Reduced oxygen unites with two hydrogen ions to form water. ...
Respiration in Plants
... PGAL is oxidised and with inorganic phosphate to get converted into BPGA. The conversion of BPGA to 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA), is also an energy yielding process; this energy is trapped by the formation of ATP. Another ATP is synthesized during the conversion of PEP to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid ...
... PGAL is oxidised and with inorganic phosphate to get converted into BPGA. The conversion of BPGA to 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA), is also an energy yielding process; this energy is trapped by the formation of ATP. Another ATP is synthesized during the conversion of PEP to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid ...
Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
... Glycolysis, continued • Glycolysis is the only source of energy for some prokaryotes. • Other organisms use oxygen to release even more energy from a glucose molecule. Metabolic processes that require oxygen are aerobic. • In aerobic respiration, the pyruvate product of glycolysis undergoes another ...
... Glycolysis, continued • Glycolysis is the only source of energy for some prokaryotes. • Other organisms use oxygen to release even more energy from a glucose molecule. Metabolic processes that require oxygen are aerobic. • In aerobic respiration, the pyruvate product of glycolysis undergoes another ...
2017 Lecture PDF
... Below are some example historical research finding related to cell membranes from the JCB Archive and other sources. 1957 The invention of freeze fracture EM and the determination of membrane structure (http://jcb.rupress.org/cgi/content/full/168/2/174-a) Russell Steere introduces his home-made cont ...
... Below are some example historical research finding related to cell membranes from the JCB Archive and other sources. 1957 The invention of freeze fracture EM and the determination of membrane structure (http://jcb.rupress.org/cgi/content/full/168/2/174-a) Russell Steere introduces his home-made cont ...
ARF1 and SAR1 GTPases in Endomembrane Trafficking in Plants
... (ERGIC)/vesicular tubular clusters and ER exit sites [38]. In retrograde transport, it was demonstrated that p25 may function as an anchor for the p24 proteins [39]. In Arabidopsis, up to 11 different p24 family members proteins have been identified. The plant p24 proteins contain signals for bindin ...
... (ERGIC)/vesicular tubular clusters and ER exit sites [38]. In retrograde transport, it was demonstrated that p25 may function as an anchor for the p24 proteins [39]. In Arabidopsis, up to 11 different p24 family members proteins have been identified. The plant p24 proteins contain signals for bindin ...
Thylakoid
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.