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Protein folding
Protein folding

... cause of death in the Western world), Parkinson’s disease, type II or noninsulindependent diabetes, and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. About 17 different proteins have been found to form amyloid in vivo. Amyloid fibrils formed from those proteins share some common morphological featu ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... Happens in mitochondrial matrix  Goal: generate ATP, FADH2 and NADH from pyruvate  Series of redox reactions  ...
9.1 Cellular Respiration
9.1 Cellular Respiration

... FADH2 and NADH from pyruvate Series of redox reactions ...
fermentations
fermentations

... ...
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8 Aerobic Respiration

...  *REMEMBER: If we can’t do this step, then the cell has to do fermentation instead. ...
Cell - Notes Milenge
Cell - Notes Milenge

... organelle’s purported responsiveness to changes in intracellular Ca2+ flux.[24] But the presence of the MAM resolves this apparent contradiction: the close physical association between the two organelles results in Ca2+ microdomains at contact points that facilitate efficient Ca2+ transmission from ...
Cell Respiration Notes (Honors)
Cell Respiration Notes (Honors)

... The final stage of respiration Takes place on inner mitochrondrial membrane (cristae) Similar to the events in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Electrons are passed from protein to protein, and the energy they give off is used to produce more ATP’s.    The final electron acce ...
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

... of chemical energy, but they are not stable enough to store that energy for more than a few minutes. • The Calvin cycle uses CO2, and the ATP and NADPH from light – dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars. • This cycle does not require light. • Calvin Cycle takes place in the Stroma of chl ...
osmosis - Biofizika
osmosis - Biofizika

... Biological membranes consists of lipids and proteins to bind with non-covalent bond. Phospholipids are the main components of biological membranes. Phospholipid = diglyceride (1 glycerole + 2 fatty acids) + phosphate group + organic molecule (e.g. choline) ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... The food is made by combining small molecules of water with small molecules of carbon dioxide to make larger molecules of starch and sugar. (Oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis.) The starch and sugar are stored by the plant then used by us when we eat plants. But feeding us is not wh ...
farah el nazer corrected by dana al sharif
farah el nazer corrected by dana al sharif

... make (OH) with free radical or supra oxide (oo-) molecule ( all these molecules are very bad for health they can attack molecules because of their free radicals -Its always attached to a protein , so, its reduction potential is depended on the protein attached to it .like FADH2 Requirements of oxida ...
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Unit 4 Notes

... There are other molecules embedded in the membrane • Cholesterol – strengthens • Proteins – movement and signaling • Carbohydrates – identify the cell ...
Fundamentals of Protein Interaction Network Mapping
Fundamentals of Protein Interaction Network Mapping

... • Has been adapted for use on a higher-throughput scale. • Cons: • Limited to the study of membrane proteins with self contained extracellular domains. • Selecting, preparing and validating is a lengthy process. ...
Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane A biochemical
Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane A biochemical

... cells to nonpolar and polar molecules indicated the presence of a lipoidal barrier at the cell surface. The electrical properties of the few membranes that had been studied supported that conclusion. The lipid content of the red cell was thought to be exactly that amount which would cover the cell s ...
Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane
Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

... cells to nonpolar and polar molecules indicated the presence of a lipoidal barrier at the cell surface. The electrical properties of the few membranes that had been studied supported that conclusion. The lipid content of the red cell was thought to be exactly that amount which would cover the cell s ...
L23 HH Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle e
L23 HH Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle e

... • The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis. The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase and the direct generation of ATP in an energy pay off stage. The first phosphorylation leads to a product that can continue to a number of pathways and the secon ...
Biological Membranes and Transport
Biological Membranes and Transport

... Floppases. Flippase Enzymes, with energy supplied from ATP, moves phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine from the outer leaflet to the inner. Floppases, by an ATP driven process, move phospholipids from the inner leaflet to the outer. These enzymes are responsible for moving phosphatidylcho ...
AP bio Framework Book part
AP bio Framework Book part

... called “grana,” to produce ATP and NADPH2, which fuel carbon-fixing reactions in the CalvinBenson cycle. Carbon fixation occurs in the stroma, where molecules of CO2 are converted to carbohydrates. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in eukaryotes involve a series of coordinated reaction ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Test Bluff Questions
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Test Bluff Questions

... 13. During aerobic respiration, the breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose will make how many ATP? a. 38 14. During anaerobic respiration, the breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose will make how many ATP? a. 2 15. Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from where? a. Sun 16. Where do heterotrophs g ...
METABOLISM
METABOLISM

... typical sequences of reactions - metabolic pathways, which may be regulated by common or independent control mechanisms. Employing common mechanisms and intermediates spares the number of required enzymes involved in metabolic processes. Foodstuffs serve as a source of reducing power (reducing equiv ...
Expression patterns of genes encoding endomembrane proteins
Expression patterns of genes encoding endomembrane proteins

answer key
answer key

... i. the presence or absence of glycophorin A in the membranes of RBCs ii. the presence or absence of Band 3 in the membranes of red blood cells (RBCs) iii. the particular combination of monosaccharides attached to lipids in the membranes of RBCs -CORRECT iv. the "saturatedness" of glycolipids in the ...
Photosynthesis and Biosynthesis
Photosynthesis and Biosynthesis

... wavelengths, it also occurs as particles or packets of light energy called photons. When photons strike certain atoms associated with certain light-sensitive pigment molecules, the atoms give up electrons, i.e., electrons are activated by light energy and bounce away from atoms within the pigments. ...
Respiration
Respiration

... H+ ions pumped across inner mitochondrial membrane  H+ diffuse through ATP synthase (ADP  ATP) ...
9.8 Photosynthesis 2 (calvin cycle)
9.8 Photosynthesis 2 (calvin cycle)

... • Need to store chemical energy (ATP) produced from light reactions – in a more stable form – that can be moved around plant – saved for a rainy day carbon + water + energy  glucose + oxygen dioxide 6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy ...
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Thylakoid



A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.
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