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PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

... cell using routine DNA transfection reagents, such as Lipofectamine. 3.Stable cell line can be established: vector based siRNA allows you to obtain a stable cell line, and observe long-term effects of RNAi. 4.Inducible system can be established: vector based siRNA allows you to establish an inducibl ...
Smith Waterman vs Blast in siRNA Design
Smith Waterman vs Blast in siRNA Design

... •siRNA may be chemically synthesized or expressed from DNA vectors ...
The E-Class PPR Protein MEF3 of Arabidopsis
The E-Class PPR Protein MEF3 of Arabidopsis

... proteins in the mapped genomic window into Ler protoplasts shows differential effects. Sequence analysis of the atp4 cDNA shows that gene At1g06140 strongly increases the level of RNA editing at the target site atp4-89 in the transfected protoplasts. Gene At1g06580 also alters the editing level in c ...
NUCLEIC ACID CATALYSTS: COMPARING THE MECHANISMS OF
NUCLEIC ACID CATALYSTS: COMPARING THE MECHANISMS OF

... Cofactors bind to the enzyme at its active site and modify the shape of the enzyme, allowing it to perform at its maximum potential. Both DNA and RNA include a negatively charged phosphate backbone. Thus, the phosphate group of the 10-23 DNAzyme would repel from the similarly charged group on the RN ...
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The

... CMV strains can be classified into three subgroups, IA, IB and II [20]. It has been found that subgroup I strains are, in general, more virulent than subgroup II strains and some studies have suggested that this differential virulence is mediated by the 2b gene [21]. Alignment of aa sequences of 2b p ...
Zinc finger family
Zinc finger family

... In a multi-finger protein some fingers contact base pairs and some will not, but rather function as bridges Fingers 1–2–3, separated by typical linkers, wrap smoothly around the major groove like those of Zif268  In contrast, fingers 4–5–6 form an open, extended structure running along one side of ...
A CRISPR-based yeast two-hybrid system for investigating
A CRISPR-based yeast two-hybrid system for investigating

... by associated proteins (e.g., chromatin modification by lncRNA-bound enzymes, recruitment of telomerase RNA to telomeres by protein subunits of telomerase). As for functional RNAs that ultimately act protein-independently (e.g., peptide-bond formation by ribosomal RNA, mRNA splicing by s ...
A CRISPR-based yeast two-hybrid system for investigating
A CRISPR-based yeast two-hybrid system for investigating

... by associated proteins (e.g., chromatin modification by lncRNA-bound enzymes, recruitment of telomerase RNA to telomeres by protein subunits of telomerase). As for functional RNAs that ultimately act protein-independently (e.g., peptide-bond formation by ribosomal RNA, mRNA splicing by s ...
Full-length cDNA sequencing for genome annotation and analysis of
Full-length cDNA sequencing for genome annotation and analysis of

... In higher eukaryotic organisms, the majority of multi-exon genes are alternatively spliced. Different mRNA isoforms from the same gene can produce proteins that have distinct properties and functions. Thus, the importance of understanding the full complement of transcript isoforms with potential phe ...
splicing.pdf
splicing.pdf

... One of the ways in which the vertebrate genome is more complex than that of other organisms is by increased use of alternative splicing. In alternative splicing, more than one protein product is made from one gene. This explains how vertebrates are able to make 5 times as many proteins as flies or w ...
Ref ID: 386
Ref ID: 386

... therapeutic potential of inhibiting MYCN expression showed that it was possible to reduce the production of MYCN protein and cell proliferation by approximately 50 percent. With a strategy using RNA interference (RNAi), which probably is more effective than the use of antisense oligonucleotides, we ...
Interaction of Sesbania Mosaic Virus Movement Protein
Interaction of Sesbania Mosaic Virus Movement Protein

... overlapping ORFs. The ORF 1 codes for the MP, ORF 2a for the poly protein 2a, and ORF 2b for the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that is translated by a frame shift mechanism to yield poly protein 2ab. The 39- proximal ORF codes for the CP which is expressed via a sub genomic RNA [16]. The domai ...
Protein synthesis
Protein synthesis

... into the empty A site • The initiator tRNA is located to the P site • aa-tRNA is brought to the A site by EF-Tu complexed with GTP • Following GTP hydrolysis ,EF-Tu.GDP leaves the ribosome,with aa-tRNA correctly placed at the A site ...
Protein synthesis
Protein synthesis

... into the empty A site • The initiator tRNA is located to the P site • aa-tRNA is brought to the A site by EF-Tu complexed with GTP • Following GTP hydrolysis ,EF-Tu.GDP leaves the ribosome,with aa-tRNA correctly placed at the A site ...
Messenger RNA reprogramming by spliceosome-mediated
Messenger RNA reprogramming by spliceosome-mediated

... Complex genes and gene products The sequencing and preliminary annotation of the human genome has provided us with evidence for a preponderance of complex genes and gene products. Transcription of the average human protein-coding gene produces a primary transcript (or pre-mRNA) that spans 27,000–28, ...
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute

... cells all the time. These continually expressed genes are called constitutive genes.  Other genes are only needed by certain cells or at specific times. The expression of these inducible genes is tightly controlled.  For example, pancreas beta cells make the protein insulin by expressing the insul ...
Note 7.3 - Translation
Note 7.3 - Translation

... 2. Peptidyl transferase cleaves the amino acid from the Ps site tRNA and bonds it to the amino acid on the A site tRNA. 3. The ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon, thereby bringing the tRNA with the growing polypeptide to the P site and moving the empty tRNA to the E site. 4. After the r ...
Bacteriophage MS2 RNA
Bacteriophage MS2 RNA

... that another important factor which leads to nonrandom codon use, may be dictated by the requirements of the translation machinery and, in particular the efficiency of codon-anticodon interaction. Indeed, several observations point to the existence of well-defined structural rules in this interactio ...
Leukaemia Section t(10;16)(q22;p13) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Leukaemia Section t(10;16)(q22;p13) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

... Schematic representation of the fusion MYST4-CREBBP consequence of the t(10;16)(q22;p13). From up to down: MYST4 and CREBBP structures. H15 domain: domain in histone families 1 and 5; PHD zinc fingers: plant homeodomain (PHD) with a C4HC3-type motif, this domain is widely distributed in eukaryotes a ...
Application 1
Application 1

... nanoparticles can serve as useful detection and targeting agents. These AuNPs when encapsulated with carbohydrate ligands can serve as a useful affinity probe for rapid, efficient separation of target proteins followed by on-probe analysis using mass spectroscopy. This technique of protein targeting ...
Structural Studies on the Dosage Compensation Complex from
Structural Studies on the Dosage Compensation Complex from

... After the binding of DCC to the chromatin entry sites the complex is spread along the X chromosome. The identification of over 150 CESs (Alekseyenko, et al., 2008) and the finding that the majority of MSL complex bound to the X chromosome is within 5 - 10 kb of a CES (Sural, et al., 2008) suggest th ...
PDF
PDF

... genetic material (haploid and 'anucleate' embryos obtained by inactivation of one or both of the gametes with X-rays). It was with loach embryos that morphogenetic function of nuclei was studied for the first time using the method of radiation-induced inactivation of nuclei; it was shown that the nu ...
Intricacies and surprises of nuclear–mitochondrial co
Intricacies and surprises of nuclear–mitochondrial co

... 13 to 14 kb, very similar in size to mammalian mt genomes (16–17 kb), and several nematodes even have mt genomes of up to 20 kb. Based on these slight size differences, it remains arguable whether the pressure to reduce genome size has fuelled the general reduction of tRNA size in nematode mitochond ...
Section N – Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes
Section N – Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes

... myoD was identified as a gene to regulate gene expression in cell determination, commanding cells to form muscle.  MyoD protein has been shown to activate muscle-specific gene expression directly. Overexpression of myoD can turn fibroblasts into muscle-like cells which express muscle-specific genes ...
Geuvadis Analysis Meeting
Geuvadis Analysis Meeting

... could be explainable by allele-specific expression ~4000 cases where DNA is homozygous and RNA not (!!!) remove FPs from computational or experimental artifacts (PCR artifacts?) ...
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RNA-binding protein

RNA-binding proteins (often abbreviated as RBPs) are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein complexes.RBPs contain various structural motifs, such as RNA recognition motif (RRM), dsRNA binding domain, zinc finger and others.They are cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. However, since most mature RNA is exported from the nucleus relatively quickly, most RBPs in the nucleus exist as complexes of protein and pre-mRNA called heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNPs).RBPs have crucial roles in various cellular processes such as: cellular function, transport and localization. They especially play a major role in post- transcriptional control of RNAs, such as: splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stabilization, mRNA localization and translation. Eukaryotic cells encode diverse RBPs, approximately 500 genes, with unique RNA-binding activity and protein-protein interaction. During evolution, the diversity of RBPs greatly increased with the increase in the number of introns. Diversity enabled eukaryotic cells to utilize RNA exons in various arrangements, giving rise to a unique RNP (ribonucleoprotein) for each RNA. Although RBPs have a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation in gene expression, relatively few RBPs have been studied systematically.
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