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Reprint
Reprint

... heat and ethanol stress [33] and, indeed, it allows synthesis of a heat shock transcription factor which contains a nonsense codon within its coding sequence [40]. This proposed mechanism could be extended to other mRNAs whose translation is indeed increased in stress conditions. For example, genes ...
NIH Public Access
NIH Public Access

... condensation but appears to involve chromatin modifications controlled directly or indirectly by AURKB mediated phosphorylation. AURKB, which is highly over-expressed in many cancers, is known for its role at the mitotic spindle and centromeres, but Hall et al. (2009) surprisingly identified AURKB a ...
Kallikrein-like prorenin-converting enzymes in inbred
Kallikrein-like prorenin-converting enzymes in inbred

... Kallikreins are a group of serine proteases and are distinguished by having serine residue at their active site. Their general function is to convert inactive pro-peptide into its biologically active form. In recent years, emerging evidence indicates that some kallikrein–kinin enzymes also play a ro ...
The role of Dby mRNA in early development of male mouse zygotes
The role of Dby mRNA in early development of male mouse zygotes

... Ejaculated mammalian spermatozoa contain a complex yet specific population of mRNA. However, the possible roles that mRNA has in early zygotic and embryonic development remain unclear. We found that Dby mRNA is selectively retained in capacitated mouse spermatozoa, and is transferred into the oocyte ...
Question 1.
Question 1.

... a oligo dT affinity column i.e. little beads with (TTTT)n attached to them. You would pass your cell lysate over the column and mRNAs would stick to the beads due to the base pairing of the poly-A tail to the oligo dT. You would then wash the column and elute the mRNA.) 2) Anneal an oligo dT primer ...
PDF 743ko
PDF 743ko

... substrate and metamorphoses into a juvenile in 1–3 days. These juveniles grow into reproductive adults in 1–3 months. Micromanipulations (ablations, transfers, blastomere isolations and reassociations) are easily performed on eggs and large quantities of synchronous zygotes and embryos can be raised ...
Isolation and characterization of an RNA that binds with high affinity
Isolation and characterization of an RNA that binds with high affinity

... Since the Tat protein has various functions in the life cycle of HIV-1, as well as in viral proliferation, it is an important and attractive target in efforts to develop weapons against HIV. Several genetic strategies have been tested, in the past, in attempts to repress the proliferation of HIV. Tr ...
The UUAG-specific RNA Binding Protein, Heterogeneous Nuclear
The UUAG-specific RNA Binding Protein, Heterogeneous Nuclear

... It is also common to find an auxiliary RNA-binding motif present in addition to RBDs within the same molecule. Thus, RBD class RNA binding proteins typically possess several RNA-binding domains as modules. It has not been well studied, however, how these modular domains participate together in bindi ...
Gene Section BOK (Bcl2-related ovarian killer) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section BOK (Bcl2-related ovarian killer) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... kb with the 639 bp open reading frame. The truncated form (Bok-S) results from skipping of exon three and a deletion of 43 bp in the Bok-L coding region. It has been shown that transcription activity of the Bok gene depends on expression of p53 and can be directly regulated at the gene promoter leve ...
RNA Editing, ADAR1, and the Innate Immune Response
RNA Editing, ADAR1, and the Innate Immune Response

... early study. Nevertheless, the finding established a connection between ADAR1 and IFN signaling and eventually led to the discovery of the regulatory roles of ADAR1 in innate immune responses. A link between ADAR1 and type I IFN production in human also came from observations in Aicardi–Goutières sy ...
Alternative Splicing in Higher Plants
Alternative Splicing in Higher Plants

... with the annotation of the genome and the relatively low gene number • The complexity of human development is difficult to explain using only 30,000 genes • Humans have had a recent expansion of the transposable element Alu in the genome - 4% of human protein coding genes contain at least one Alu - ...
Rice 6 Pages
Rice 6 Pages

... Characterization of cell-culture-adaptive mutations is an area of great interest, as they are likely to teach us about the interface between HCV replication and the host cellular environment. Adaptive mutations in NS4B, NS5A or NS5B strongly enhance replication but are incompatible with each other, ...
PPR2263, a DYW-Subgroup Pentatricopeptide
PPR2263, a DYW-Subgroup Pentatricopeptide

... the PPR proteins are predicted to be targeted to either mitochondria or chloroplasts, whereas no clear prediction is made for the rest. In addition to numerous experimental localizations in plastids and mitochondria, nuclear (Ding et al., 2006) or dual localization to mitochondria and nuclei (Hamman ...
Control of human β-globin mRNA stability and its impact on beta
Control of human β-globin mRNA stability and its impact on beta

... Post-transcriptional controls play an important role in gene expression regulation. A major component of these controls is exerted at the level of mRNA stability, which is determined by a combination of interactions between cis-acting mRNA sequences and trans-acting mRNA-binding proteins. The cis-ac ...
Posttranscriptional Control of Chloroplast Gene Expression
Posttranscriptional Control of Chloroplast Gene Expression

... nucleotide modification, is one of the most striking chloroplast oddities and also occurs in plant mitochondria. Chloroplast RNA editing involves mostly cytidine-to-uridine conversions with the reverse change occurring only in few cases (3). It thus adds a novel posttranscriptional step in chloropla ...
Sarah M. Assmann - Personal.psu.edu
Sarah M. Assmann - Personal.psu.edu

... Ferrero-Serrano Á, Assmann SM 2016. The α-subunit of the rice heterotrimeric G protein, RGA1, regulates drought tolerance during the vegetative phase in the dwarf rice mutant d1. J. Exp. Bot. 67: 3433-3443. Chakravorty D, Gookin TE, Milner MJ, Yu Y, Assmann SM. 2015. Extra-large G proteins expand th ...
Cancer Prone Disease Section Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Cancer Prone Disease Section Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... primarily in the nucleolus and to a lesser extend in the mitochondria. Studies in yeast revealed multiple functions of this protein complex. RNase MRP is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication by cleaving the RNA primer starting mitochondrial replication and is also involved in the RNA primer for ...
HW4_final
HW4_final

... Make sure that you are using the “Single strand” mode for RNA sequences. Provide the motif logo. 2. What is the significance of the identified motif? Look at the occurrences distribution by clicking on “view occurrences distribution” or by downloading the motif occurrences file and explain how come ...
Review Article RNA-Binding Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral
Review Article RNA-Binding Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral

... is now much more widely appreciated. Furthermore, the identification of other RBPs that all contain RRMs and prion domains is unlikely to be mere coincidence [16, 18]. Indeed, it is highly likely that future research will identify many other RBPs and related proteins in neurodegeneration [16]. For i ...
Cotranscriptional coupling of splicing factor recruitment and
Cotranscriptional coupling of splicing factor recruitment and

... and have been mapped with camptothecin19, raising the possibility shown) and that all of the factors under study remain nuclear after that camptothecin may create physical blocks to Pol II movement arsenite treatment (Supplementary Fig. 1 online); notably, a small without causing its release from th ...
Recombination in large RNA viruses: Coronaviruses
Recombination in large RNA viruses: Coronaviruses

... the defective gene in the original virus. Similar recombination events have also been observed when RNA fragments representing either the 5'- or 3'-ends of the viral RNAs were transfected into virus-infected cells.33 In this case, the viral RNA containing the sequence of the transfected RNA fragment ...
SMN1
SMN1

... genes of the affected snRNPs are and how this specifically affects motor neuron function (indicated by a question mark (?)). One possibility is that the critical target gene is specific to motor neuron system. Alternatively, a function of critical importance to motor neurons could be disrupted. In a ...
Life 9e - Garvness
Life 9e - Garvness

... Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 16. Which of the following statements about the flow of genetic information is true? a. Proteins encode information that is used to produce other proteins of the same amino acid sequence. b. RNA encodes information that is translated into DNA, and DNA encodes infor ...
Misregulation of pre-mRNA splicing that causes human diseases
Misregulation of pre-mRNA splicing that causes human diseases

... Such an analysis could be made by analyzing the premRNA processing of the mutation by RT-PCR or RNAse protection. An overview of diseases caused by splicing enhancers/silencers is shown in Table 2. Proteins binding to enhancer or silencer sequences can be subdivided into two major groups: members of ...
Alternative Splicing
Alternative Splicing

... splice sites (AG) are accessible to give two different mature mRNAs and therefore two different protein products (Protein Z and Protein Y). The splicing regulator (X) binds to a splice site which is located within a coding region of the pre-mRNA. This splice site is now no longer accessible to the s ...
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RNA-binding protein

RNA-binding proteins (often abbreviated as RBPs) are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein complexes.RBPs contain various structural motifs, such as RNA recognition motif (RRM), dsRNA binding domain, zinc finger and others.They are cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. However, since most mature RNA is exported from the nucleus relatively quickly, most RBPs in the nucleus exist as complexes of protein and pre-mRNA called heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNPs).RBPs have crucial roles in various cellular processes such as: cellular function, transport and localization. They especially play a major role in post- transcriptional control of RNAs, such as: splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stabilization, mRNA localization and translation. Eukaryotic cells encode diverse RBPs, approximately 500 genes, with unique RNA-binding activity and protein-protein interaction. During evolution, the diversity of RBPs greatly increased with the increase in the number of introns. Diversity enabled eukaryotic cells to utilize RNA exons in various arrangements, giving rise to a unique RNP (ribonucleoprotein) for each RNA. Although RBPs have a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation in gene expression, relatively few RBPs have been studied systematically.
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