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... General framework on the development of sensory invariance through the top-down abstractions driven by motors. (4) Success in the theory and demonstration in key brain-scale learning mechanisms – via intra-cortical architecture and inter-cortical (i.e., cortico-cortical) wiring. (5) Mathematical opt ...
... General framework on the development of sensory invariance through the top-down abstractions driven by motors. (4) Success in the theory and demonstration in key brain-scale learning mechanisms – via intra-cortical architecture and inter-cortical (i.e., cortico-cortical) wiring. (5) Mathematical opt ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... ignore the influence of changes in synaptic strength during the storage process and apply the effect of these changes only during a socalled recall-phase. Efforts to ensure stable activity with more realistic, continuous updating of the synaptic strength during the storage process have shown that the m ...
... ignore the influence of changes in synaptic strength during the storage process and apply the effect of these changes only during a socalled recall-phase. Efforts to ensure stable activity with more realistic, continuous updating of the synaptic strength during the storage process have shown that the m ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
... terminal as a result of ____________________________________. ...
... terminal as a result of ____________________________________. ...
Synaptic Depression and the Temporal Response Characteristics of
... 1994). Nonlinear temporal dynamics is likely to contribute to a number of features exhibited by V1 cells, including direction selectivity (Reid et al., 1991; Jagadeesh et al., 1993; Tolhurst and Heeger, 1997) and velocity tuning (Orban et al., 1985). Intracellularly recorded membrane potentials from ...
... 1994). Nonlinear temporal dynamics is likely to contribute to a number of features exhibited by V1 cells, including direction selectivity (Reid et al., 1991; Jagadeesh et al., 1993; Tolhurst and Heeger, 1997) and velocity tuning (Orban et al., 1985). Intracellularly recorded membrane potentials from ...
Synaptic Depression and the Temporal Response Characteristics of
... 1994). Nonlinear temporal dynamics is likely to contribute to a number of features exhibited by V1 cells, including direction selectivity (Reid et al., 1991; Jagadeesh et al., 1993; Tolhurst and Heeger, 1997) and velocity tuning (Orban et al., 1985). Intracellularly recorded membrane potentials from ...
... 1994). Nonlinear temporal dynamics is likely to contribute to a number of features exhibited by V1 cells, including direction selectivity (Reid et al., 1991; Jagadeesh et al., 1993; Tolhurst and Heeger, 1997) and velocity tuning (Orban et al., 1985). Intracellularly recorded membrane potentials from ...
Basal Ganglia Subcircuits Distinctively Encode the
... Neural activity was recorded using the MAP system (Plexon Inc., TX). The spike activity was initially sorted using an online sorting algorithm (Plexon Inc.), and only cells with a clearly identified waveform and relatively high signal-to-noise ratio were used. In the end of recording, cells were re ...
... Neural activity was recorded using the MAP system (Plexon Inc., TX). The spike activity was initially sorted using an online sorting algorithm (Plexon Inc.), and only cells with a clearly identified waveform and relatively high signal-to-noise ratio were used. In the end of recording, cells were re ...
Canonical Neural Models1
... Figure 8: Class 1 neural excitability via saddle-node on invariant circle bifurcation: The threshold state (saddle) approaches the rest state (node), they coalesce and annihilate each other leaving only limit cycle attractor. The oscillation on the attractor has two time scales: slow transition thro ...
... Figure 8: Class 1 neural excitability via saddle-node on invariant circle bifurcation: The threshold state (saddle) approaches the rest state (node), they coalesce and annihilate each other leaving only limit cycle attractor. The oscillation on the attractor has two time scales: slow transition thro ...
The speed of learning instructed stimulus
... Keywords: Rapid instructed task learning, Pre-frontal cortex, Inferior-temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, synaptic learning Abstract Humans can learn associations between visual stimuli and motor responses from just a single instruction. This is known to be a fast process, but how fast is it? To answer t ...
... Keywords: Rapid instructed task learning, Pre-frontal cortex, Inferior-temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, synaptic learning Abstract Humans can learn associations between visual stimuli and motor responses from just a single instruction. This is known to be a fast process, but how fast is it? To answer t ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... * E-mail: [email protected] . These authors contributed equally to this work. ...
... * E-mail: [email protected] . These authors contributed equally to this work. ...
The Nervous System - Blackwell Publishing
... there are many different morphologies, but all projection neurons share some basic similarities. You can think of the neuron as having three essential components (see figure 3.2). The heart of the neuron is the cell body, where the cell’s metabolic activities take place. Input from other neurons typ ...
... there are many different morphologies, but all projection neurons share some basic similarities. You can think of the neuron as having three essential components (see figure 3.2). The heart of the neuron is the cell body, where the cell’s metabolic activities take place. Input from other neurons typ ...
Control of Respiration
... stretch receptors, which lie in the airway smooth-muscle layer and are activated by large lung inflation. Action potentials in the afferent nerve fibers from the stretch receptors travel to the brain and inhibit the medullary inspiratory neurons. (This is known as the Hering-Breur inflation reflex.) ...
... stretch receptors, which lie in the airway smooth-muscle layer and are activated by large lung inflation. Action potentials in the afferent nerve fibers from the stretch receptors travel to the brain and inhibit the medullary inspiratory neurons. (This is known as the Hering-Breur inflation reflex.) ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... single neuron level. Experimental and theoretical results are consistent with multiplication being implemented by subtraction of two logarithmic terms followed by exponentiation via active membrane conductances, according to a 1=b ¼ expðlogðaÞ logðbÞÞ. Invariance appears to be in part due to non ...
... single neuron level. Experimental and theoretical results are consistent with multiplication being implemented by subtraction of two logarithmic terms followed by exponentiation via active membrane conductances, according to a 1=b ¼ expðlogðaÞ logðbÞÞ. Invariance appears to be in part due to non ...
Neurons - LPS.org
... The sense organs are not actually located in the brain, so your neural system must literally move the information your receptor cells pull in. This movement occurs as billions of neurotransmitter molecules pass messages among millions of neurons—from your fingertips, your eyeballs, your ears, your n ...
... The sense organs are not actually located in the brain, so your neural system must literally move the information your receptor cells pull in. This movement occurs as billions of neurotransmitter molecules pass messages among millions of neurons—from your fingertips, your eyeballs, your ears, your n ...
Contraction Properties of VLSI Cooperative Competitive Neural
... responses qualitatively similar to standard linear I&F neurons [20]. A steady state solution is easily computable for a network of linear threshold units [5, 21]: it is a fixed point in state space, i.e. a set of activities for the neurons. In a VLSI network of I&F neurons the steady state will be m ...
... responses qualitatively similar to standard linear I&F neurons [20]. A steady state solution is easily computable for a network of linear threshold units [5, 21]: it is a fixed point in state space, i.e. a set of activities for the neurons. In a VLSI network of I&F neurons the steady state will be m ...
video slide
... electrical potential • A neuron at resting potential contains many open K+ channels and fewer open Na+ channels; K+ diffuses out of the cell • Anions trapped inside the cell contribute to the negative charge within the neuron ...
... electrical potential • A neuron at resting potential contains many open K+ channels and fewer open Na+ channels; K+ diffuses out of the cell • Anions trapped inside the cell contribute to the negative charge within the neuron ...
Poster No: 1064 - Orthopaedic Research Society
... reflects an alteration in the arrangement and concentration of RNAcontaining material in the cell, leading to changes in protein synthesis of importance for axonal regeneration.3 It seems likely that sustained mechanical compression of the nerve root could result in irreversible damage to the motor ...
... reflects an alteration in the arrangement and concentration of RNAcontaining material in the cell, leading to changes in protein synthesis of importance for axonal regeneration.3 It seems likely that sustained mechanical compression of the nerve root could result in irreversible damage to the motor ...
Brain Mechanisms of Memory and Cognition
... static magnetic field to tissue, aligning things that have magnetic properties, such as protons. They then apply radio-frequency pulses to disrupt this alignment and measure the signal the nuclear ‘magnets’ emit as they return (‘relax’) to the aligned state. Generally, MRI uses protons as the magnet ...
... static magnetic field to tissue, aligning things that have magnetic properties, such as protons. They then apply radio-frequency pulses to disrupt this alignment and measure the signal the nuclear ‘magnets’ emit as they return (‘relax’) to the aligned state. Generally, MRI uses protons as the magnet ...
Mapping Function Onto Neuronal Morphology
... through predetermined spatial regions (1 synapse per 5 m dendrite). Two such regions were specified, one for synapses of each group (termed left and right). These regions were specified as layers, thus a synapse was attached to every 5 m of a dendrite when it was within a pair of z coordinates. A ...
... through predetermined spatial regions (1 synapse per 5 m dendrite). Two such regions were specified, one for synapses of each group (termed left and right). These regions were specified as layers, thus a synapse was attached to every 5 m of a dendrite when it was within a pair of z coordinates. A ...
Early Neural Patterning •Neural induction
... -Somites that lie alongside the spinal cord and caudal hindbrain express retinoic acid (RA) -Retinoic acid is a biologically active derivative of vitamin A (potent at changing neural identity) -Gradient of RA is set up across rhombomeres -RA receptors are ligand-specific transcription factors which ...
... -Somites that lie alongside the spinal cord and caudal hindbrain express retinoic acid (RA) -Retinoic acid is a biologically active derivative of vitamin A (potent at changing neural identity) -Gradient of RA is set up across rhombomeres -RA receptors are ligand-specific transcription factors which ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... Bodian silver impregnation or used for immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Placing 1.0 cm⫻1.0 cm quadratic lattices of points on 5000⫻2.67 times enlarged EM photographs, we measured the number of synapses (synapses: consist of the pre- and postsynaptic densities associa ...
... Bodian silver impregnation or used for immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Placing 1.0 cm⫻1.0 cm quadratic lattices of points on 5000⫻2.67 times enlarged EM photographs, we measured the number of synapses (synapses: consist of the pre- and postsynaptic densities associa ...
Inhibitory Plasticity Balances Excitation and Inhibition in Sensory
... with experimental results (5, 7, 8, 23, 24) and confirm earlier theoretical studies arguing that sharp tuning is not a necessary feature for a sparse sensory representation (25, 26). The sparsity of the response to each signal was a direct consequence of the detailed balance of correlated excitatory ...
... with experimental results (5, 7, 8, 23, 24) and confirm earlier theoretical studies arguing that sharp tuning is not a necessary feature for a sparse sensory representation (25, 26). The sparsity of the response to each signal was a direct consequence of the detailed balance of correlated excitatory ...
Analysis of Firing Correlations Between Sympathetic Premotor
... to them are important for generating their tonic activity. Simultaneous extracellular single-unit recordings were made from 32 pairs of sympathetic premotor neurons in the subretrofacial nucleus of chloraloseanesthetized cats. Paired spike trains were either separated by spike shape from a single-el ...
... to them are important for generating their tonic activity. Simultaneous extracellular single-unit recordings were made from 32 pairs of sympathetic premotor neurons in the subretrofacial nucleus of chloraloseanesthetized cats. Paired spike trains were either separated by spike shape from a single-el ...
Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety
... projecting to the same cell. Following a small number of pairings, the initially weak synaptic input is potentiated. This potentiation is not seen when an equal number of the weak and strong inputs are presented in an unpaired fashion. In the CAI region of the hippocampus, activation of the weak inp ...
... projecting to the same cell. Following a small number of pairings, the initially weak synaptic input is potentiated. This potentiation is not seen when an equal number of the weak and strong inputs are presented in an unpaired fashion. In the CAI region of the hippocampus, activation of the weak inp ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.