Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... are in the same state when the stimulus arrives and because all neurons receive identical input, each layer behaves like a single I&F neuron. The synchronization is advantageous for coding schemes that require preservation of precise spike timing. On the other hand, weaker responses in the input lay ...
... are in the same state when the stimulus arrives and because all neurons receive identical input, each layer behaves like a single I&F neuron. The synchronization is advantageous for coding schemes that require preservation of precise spike timing. On the other hand, weaker responses in the input lay ...
Use of a Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus to
... the motor cortices of both hemispheres, interconnected commissurally, are involved in n7x-induced cortical plasticity (Toldi et al., 1999; Farkas et al., 2000). Most of the studies cited above were based on experiments in which electrophysiological methods were used. However, it is more than likely ...
... the motor cortices of both hemispheres, interconnected commissurally, are involved in n7x-induced cortical plasticity (Toldi et al., 1999; Farkas et al., 2000). Most of the studies cited above were based on experiments in which electrophysiological methods were used. However, it is more than likely ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... local excitatory synapses should have a sufficiently high NMDA/alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (NMDA/AMPA) ratio. How high is high enough? The answer depends on the details of network biophysics and connectivity. For instance, the time constant of a synaptic current depends ...
... local excitatory synapses should have a sufficiently high NMDA/alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (NMDA/AMPA) ratio. How high is high enough? The answer depends on the details of network biophysics and connectivity. For instance, the time constant of a synaptic current depends ...
Frankland lecture FINAL
... described as “deja vu” with stimulation of the first contact tested…He reported the sudden perception of being in a park with friends, a familiar scene to him. He felt he was younger, around 20 years old. He recognized his epoch-appropriate girlfriend among the people. He did not see himself in the ...
... described as “deja vu” with stimulation of the first contact tested…He reported the sudden perception of being in a park with friends, a familiar scene to him. He felt he was younger, around 20 years old. He recognized his epoch-appropriate girlfriend among the people. He did not see himself in the ...
PDF file
... in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled lines”, in which each neuron’s firing can represent events on dif ...
... in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled lines”, in which each neuron’s firing can represent events on dif ...
Cell Assembly Sequences Arising from Spike
... Figure 1. Time prediction from sequential neural activity in a memory task. A, Average raster over 18 s for a population of noise was thus the only difference between trisimultaneously recorded neurons during wheel runs after preceding left trials in a spontaneous alternation task. The rat was als o ...
... Figure 1. Time prediction from sequential neural activity in a memory task. A, Average raster over 18 s for a population of noise was thus the only difference between trisimultaneously recorded neurons during wheel runs after preceding left trials in a spontaneous alternation task. The rat was als o ...
The relation of transcription to memory formation
... gham et al., 1997). Conversely, calcium influx via NMDA receptors or voltage-sensitive calcium channels induces CBP-dependent transactivation (Hardingham et al., 1999; Hu et al., 1999). Moreover, a signal-regulated transactivation domain found in CBP is controlled by nuclear calcium and cAMP levels ...
... gham et al., 1997). Conversely, calcium influx via NMDA receptors or voltage-sensitive calcium channels induces CBP-dependent transactivation (Hardingham et al., 1999; Hu et al., 1999). Moreover, a signal-regulated transactivation domain found in CBP is controlled by nuclear calcium and cAMP levels ...
Sympathetic nervous system
... Outline one assumption of the biological approach. (2 marks) Rita and Holly are identical twins who were separated at birth. When they finally met each other at the age of 35, they were surprised at how different their personalities were. Rita is much more social and out-going than Holly. Use your k ...
... Outline one assumption of the biological approach. (2 marks) Rita and Holly are identical twins who were separated at birth. When they finally met each other at the age of 35, they were surprised at how different their personalities were. Rita is much more social and out-going than Holly. Use your k ...
Transgenic expression of ZBP1 in neurons suppresses cocaine-associated conditioning
... Numerous studies have been performed on the trafficking and local translation of mRNA using neurons in culture. However, despite demonstration of the fundamental contribution of localized mRNA translation to synaptic plasticity, there are no studies about how mRNAs may be regulated at this level by ...
... Numerous studies have been performed on the trafficking and local translation of mRNA using neurons in culture. However, despite demonstration of the fundamental contribution of localized mRNA translation to synaptic plasticity, there are no studies about how mRNAs may be regulated at this level by ...
NeuroMem Decision Space Mapping
... The classification of a vector consists of evaluating if it lies within the influence field of one or more neurons modeling the decision space. The outcome can have three possible classification status: Identified with certainty, Identified with uncertainty, Unknown. As a result, the RCE/RBF classif ...
... The classification of a vector consists of evaluating if it lies within the influence field of one or more neurons modeling the decision space. The outcome can have three possible classification status: Identified with certainty, Identified with uncertainty, Unknown. As a result, the RCE/RBF classif ...
Oscillatory Neural Fields for Globally Optimal Path Planning
... to noise, thereby supporting the feasibility of analog VLSI implementations. The work reported here is related to resistive grid approaches for solving optimization problems (Chua, 1984). Resistive grid approaches may be viewed as "passive" relaxation methods, while the oscillatory neural field is a ...
... to noise, thereby supporting the feasibility of analog VLSI implementations. The work reported here is related to resistive grid approaches for solving optimization problems (Chua, 1984). Resistive grid approaches may be viewed as "passive" relaxation methods, while the oscillatory neural field is a ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... perfectly suited for this endeavor: The nematode C. elegans. Its anatomy down to the cellular level is almost invariant amongst individuals. Modern techniques allow to slice the nematode in order to digitally reconstruct it [6, 7]. In its far more common hermaphrodite form it is made up of exactly 9 ...
... perfectly suited for this endeavor: The nematode C. elegans. Its anatomy down to the cellular level is almost invariant amongst individuals. Modern techniques allow to slice the nematode in order to digitally reconstruct it [6, 7]. In its far more common hermaphrodite form it is made up of exactly 9 ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... neurons, their functional significance is not clearly understood. They might increase the dendritic surface area in order to optimize the packing of a large number of synapses onto a given length of dendrite186–188. Alternatively, they might serve as biochemical compartments that restrict the diffus ...
... neurons, their functional significance is not clearly understood. They might increase the dendritic surface area in order to optimize the packing of a large number of synapses onto a given length of dendrite186–188. Alternatively, they might serve as biochemical compartments that restrict the diffus ...
Compound Action Potential, CAP
... 1. Focal demyelination (FD): There is focal slowing of conduction across the area of demyelination. If the segment is long it is easy to detect; however, if the segment is short, one needs special techniques such as “inching” study. 2. Axon loss: The portion below the area of axon loss shows no cond ...
... 1. Focal demyelination (FD): There is focal slowing of conduction across the area of demyelination. If the segment is long it is easy to detect; however, if the segment is short, one needs special techniques such as “inching” study. 2. Axon loss: The portion below the area of axon loss shows no cond ...
STOCHASTIC GENERATION OF BIOLOGICALLY - G
... input morphological parameters. Lattice structures are known to play a prominent role in the brain regions such as cerebellum, retina, striate cortex, hypocampus, and most recently in the hyporeticulum. However, such regularity is presently unknown to exist in other brain regions. The five input par ...
... input morphological parameters. Lattice structures are known to play a prominent role in the brain regions such as cerebellum, retina, striate cortex, hypocampus, and most recently in the hyporeticulum. However, such regularity is presently unknown to exist in other brain regions. The five input par ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... without a drug from the same animals. As selective antagonists for respective types of glutamate receptors, we used the following drugs: APV (Sigma-Aldrich) at 100 M for NMDA receptors; CNQX (SigmaAldrich) at 20 M for AMPA receptors; ( S)-(⫹)-␣-amino-4-carboxy-2methylbenzeneacetic acid (LY367385; ...
... without a drug from the same animals. As selective antagonists for respective types of glutamate receptors, we used the following drugs: APV (Sigma-Aldrich) at 100 M for NMDA receptors; CNQX (SigmaAldrich) at 20 M for AMPA receptors; ( S)-(⫹)-␣-amino-4-carboxy-2methylbenzeneacetic acid (LY367385; ...
The concept of a reflex
... Inside the CNS, there may or may not be an interconnector neuron involved. While in the somatic arc there is always a mediating interconnector neuron that receives the sensory signal and passes it to the motor neuron, the contact between the sensory fiber and the first motor neuron of the autonomic ...
... Inside the CNS, there may or may not be an interconnector neuron involved. While in the somatic arc there is always a mediating interconnector neuron that receives the sensory signal and passes it to the motor neuron, the contact between the sensory fiber and the first motor neuron of the autonomic ...
Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... on a time scale of 1– 4 sec is found both in inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Preliminary data from our lab show that this late adaptation in fact is more pronounced for inhibitory neurons, although they can sustain higher firing rates. Whereas in adolescent rats 34 of 44 recorded layer 5 pyramida ...
... on a time scale of 1– 4 sec is found both in inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Preliminary data from our lab show that this late adaptation in fact is more pronounced for inhibitory neurons, although they can sustain higher firing rates. Whereas in adolescent rats 34 of 44 recorded layer 5 pyramida ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
Neurons and Nervous Tissue
... cannot open. Na+ channels have two gates: • an activation gate is closed at rest but opens quickly at threshold; • an inactivation gate is open at rest and closes at threshold but responds more slowly, the gate reopens 1–2 milliseconds later than the activation gate closes. ...
... cannot open. Na+ channels have two gates: • an activation gate is closed at rest but opens quickly at threshold; • an inactivation gate is open at rest and closes at threshold but responds more slowly, the gate reopens 1–2 milliseconds later than the activation gate closes. ...
Neural Oscillations
... receive only local inhibition (two spikes instead of four) – Here the timing of I spikes does not affect the range of delays over which the synchrony is stable – System in general is more tricky and can have some weird aperiodic or high frequency solutions – On the other hand non-homogeneous network ...
... receive only local inhibition (two spikes instead of four) – Here the timing of I spikes does not affect the range of delays over which the synchrony is stable – System in general is more tricky and can have some weird aperiodic or high frequency solutions – On the other hand non-homogeneous network ...
The Role of Selective Transport in Neuronal Protein
... Neurons are compartmentalized into two molecularly and functionally distinct domains, axons and dendrites. The precise targeting and localization of proteins within these domains is critical for every aspect of neuronal function, from the localization of signaling molecules that govern axonal guidan ...
... Neurons are compartmentalized into two molecularly and functionally distinct domains, axons and dendrites. The precise targeting and localization of proteins within these domains is critical for every aspect of neuronal function, from the localization of signaling molecules that govern axonal guidan ...
Functional Connectivity during Surround Suppression in
... sensory neurons. For neurons of the visual cortex, it occurs when a visual stimulus extends beyond a neuron's classical receptive field, reducing the neuron's firing rate. While several studies have been attributing the suppression effect on horizontal, long-range lateral or feedback connections, th ...
... sensory neurons. For neurons of the visual cortex, it occurs when a visual stimulus extends beyond a neuron's classical receptive field, reducing the neuron's firing rate. While several studies have been attributing the suppression effect on horizontal, long-range lateral or feedback connections, th ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.