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... specifications as in Kennedy, the production function at the firm level exhibited increasing returns to scale because, in addition to factor quantities, firms could choose “technology quantities”. Second, as pointed out by Nordhaus (1973), it was not clear who undertook the R&D activities and how th ...
The Knowledge-Led Accumulation Regime: A Theory of
The Knowledge-Led Accumulation Regime: A Theory of

... The relational approach focuses on relationships between knowledge capital and knowledge labor 4 in the accumulation processes and analyzes their effects on the economy. In the production processes, knowledge is embodied in either capital or labor. Thus knowledge takes the form of either knowledge ...
Economic Growth: the Solow Model Why Study Economic Growth?
Economic Growth: the Solow Model Why Study Economic Growth?

... Is there some action a government of India could take that would lead the Indian economy to grow like Indonesia’s or Egypt’s? If so, what, exactly? If not, what is it about the “nature of India” that makes it so? The consequences for human welfare involved in questions like these are simply staggeri ...
Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: DO Technology
Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: DO Technology

... output and employment go up, reverting back to their original level after one period. The sign of the (also transitory) response of labor productivity x depends on the size of w, and is positive whenever w ú 1. As made clear by (11), the latter condition corresponds to the notion of ‘‘short-run incr ...
PDF
PDF

... shipments were positive, ranging from 1.3 to 3 percent throughout the periods. The major force of the growth of output was accounted for by the expansion of the combined factor inputs including capital, labor and all intermediate materials inputs with growth rates ranging from 1.2 to 2.6 percent per ...
Wal-Mart, American consumer citizenship, and the 2008 recession
Wal-Mart, American consumer citizenship, and the 2008 recession

... market consumption is the most important way that a citizen can pursue his or her economic interests. It offers the strategy of seeking the lowest price as an alternative route to prosperity and inclusion—a “win-win” scenario that entails less conflict than seeking a union contract or a living wage. ...
Technology Adoption and Diffusion
Technology Adoption and Diffusion

... notions regarding thin markets in the paper. But…  Consumption side variables are absent from the regressions  Prices for both HYVs and TVs were observed  some transactions in x were observed  they should have included variables that accounted for (HH-specific) transactions costs. 3. Estimation ...
2. Computable General Equilibrium Models: Macroeconomics and
2. Computable General Equilibrium Models: Macroeconomics and

... was theoretical and was derived from an extensive debate after Kaldor’s review on income distribution. A further step in the closure debate was the 1979 paper of Taylor and Lisy. Their work was based on the intuition that the results of an applied CGE model are affected by an aspect which is not usu ...
Hour levels and trends in the retail industry in the United
Hour levels and trends in the retail industry in the United

... consequent level of hours differ by sector: for example, retail, finance, construction, and manufacturing all follow different patterns of part-time employment (Tilly 1996). In order to simplify the analysis and permit concordance of quantitative and qualitative data, we analyze the retail sector. R ...
Structural Adjustment during Canada’s Wheat Boom: 1900-1913* Abstract Emma Stephens
Structural Adjustment during Canada’s Wheat Boom: 1900-1913* Abstract Emma Stephens

... However, the internal adjustment to the booming sector then continues in the economy. Due to the small open economy assumption, the price of both the booming and lagging tradable sector output cannot change as it is determined in the international market. The increase in wages leads to increased dem ...
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PDF

... 2.3. General equilibrium with tariff seeking and simulation set-up Provided that sectoral interest groups are fully rational, a Nash equilibrium of the tariff seeking game played between them is defined as the point or points at which no group would want to change its level of tariff seeking, given ...
1. Driving factors of male employment in African countries
1. Driving factors of male employment in African countries

... implications. Though the employment challenge has its own dimensions, it scourges countries worldwide regardless of their stage of socio-economic development. Thus, employment is currently a global policy issue: employment increases economic growth; promotes political and social stability; positivel ...
Labor Productivity - ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst
Labor Productivity - ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

... higher than European, has not been especially intense. Finally, the data reveal that both economies have modified previous employment performance: EU employment growth is now higher than in U.S. This article interprets these processes based on two central arguments: that demand dynamic, and investme ...
Appendix J What is needed in a cost-benefit analysis? (PDF
Appendix J What is needed in a cost-benefit analysis? (PDF

... the impacts of a policy requires making (evidence and theory-based) assumptions about the mechanisms of change and about the situations in which these changes are occurring. As the impacts are the changes resulting from the policy, they are measured relative to the ‘counterfactual’ — what would have ...
Endogenous Technical Change in Alternative Theories
Endogenous Technical Change in Alternative Theories

... early 1990s a revived interest in the endogenous determinants of technical change allowed neoclassical economists to embed insights by Schumpeter (1942) into dynamic general equilibrium growth models (Romer, 1990; Grossman and Helpman, 1991; Aghion and Howitt, 1992). These theories have defined endo ...
Is Uganda`s Growth Profile Jobless? Edward Bbaale School of
Is Uganda`s Growth Profile Jobless? Edward Bbaale School of

... developing countries such as Uganda, most of the poor households earn a living by selling their labor either to themselves or to others; making employment an important channel through which economic growth impacts poverty (Fox and Gaal, 2008). Indeed, the impact of growth on poverty is seen as depen ...
Modules 12 and 13 ~ Unemployment.notebook
Modules 12 and 13 ~ Unemployment.notebook

... 4 reasons why structural unemployment always exists, explaining  why the natural rate of unemployment isn't zero. 1) Efficiency wages ~ firm's pay people a little more than  equilibrium wage rate to get a more loyal and stable work force. Reason why Surplus of labor exists: Labor is more expensive f ...
1 Sarah Merette Paper Presented at the Departmental Seminar
1 Sarah Merette Paper Presented at the Departmental Seminar

... allowed a greater understanding of the value of the ratios calculated. On a more substantive side, this work ties in with analyses of the socio-economic situation of colonial Vietnam, such as the works of Jean-Pascal Bassino, Pierre Brocheux, Paul Bernard, Jean Goudal... to name a few. Although thes ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ON THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN INTERTEMPORAL AND INTRA-TEMPORAL TRADES
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ON THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN INTERTEMPORAL AND INTRA-TEMPORAL TRADES

... change in industrial composition on the direction of capital ‡ows, and argues that when the composition e¤ect dominates, capital tends to ‡ow towards countries that become more specialized in capital-intensive industries.2 Costinot, Lorenzoni and Werning (2011) study how a country can use the savin ...
The Emergence of Informal Sector and the
The Emergence of Informal Sector and the

... Institutional self-negation process indicates that informal employment, starting from have to not have and back to have, reflects the profound reflection and summation of the mainstream ideology of China concerning the history of development and reflect the courage to challenge the drawbacks and con ...
Growth and Change in the Vietnamese Labour Market:
Growth and Change in the Vietnamese Labour Market:

... economic growth. As we shall show in this paper, the process of Vietnam’s economic development can be understood not only in terms of the broad sweep of economic growth, but also in terms of the structural composition of this growth. In particular, planning for the country’s future workforce should ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CURRENT ACCOUNT ADJUSTMENT: SOME NEW THEORY AND EVIDENCE
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CURRENT ACCOUNT ADJUSTMENT: SOME NEW THEORY AND EVIDENCE

... reduces resource reallocation between the two tradable sectors, must increase, rather than reduce, the size of the current account response. Assuming that the distribution of the underlying shocks is the same for all economies, a testable implication of our model is that the variance of the current ...
Document
Document

... survey or if they were temporarily away from their jobs because they were ill, on vacation, on strike, or for other reasons. People are considered unemployed if they did not work in the previous week but were available for work and had actively looked for work at some time during the previous four w ...
What Have Two Decades of British Economic Reform
What Have Two Decades of British Economic Reform

... economies eliminated restrictions on the flow of capital by the early 1980s. Most privatized state-run industries in the 1980s and 1990s. All lowered marginal-tax rates for high-income earners. Most also made labor contracts more flexible and moved from national wage setting to more localized collec ...
An essay on the labor theory of value
An essay on the labor theory of value

... men held sway before the publication in 1662 of William Petty1s Treatise of Taxes and Contributions. ...
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Refusal of work

Refusal of work is behavior which refuses to adapt to regular employment.As actual behavior, with or without a political or philosophical program, it has been practiced by various subcultures and individuals. Radical political positions have openly advocated refusal of work. From within Marxism it has been advocated by Paul Lafargue and the Italian workerist/autonomists (e.g. Antonio Negri, Mario Tronti), the French ultra-left (e.g. Échanges et Mouvement); and within anarchism (especially Bob Black and the post-left anarchy tendency).
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