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Recap - VULMS.edu.pk
Recap - VULMS.edu.pk

Revival and Rehabilitation of Sick MSMEs
Revival and Rehabilitation of Sick MSMEs

... the borrower to regularise the account so that the account comes out of Special Mention Account status or does not slip into the Non-Performing Asset category and the commitment should be supported with identifiable cash flows within the required time period and without involving any loss or sacrif ...
Maintaining Central-Bank Solvency under New-Style Central Banking
Maintaining Central-Bank Solvency under New-Style Central Banking

... The Bank of Japan in the 1990s, followed by the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, and the Bank of England in the 2000s, made dramatic changes in the conduct of monetary policy in response to financial crises. They borrowed trillions of dollars from commercial banks by expanding reserves, ...
Economics 514
Economics 514

Document
Document

US monetary policy normalisation tool box stocked
US monetary policy normalisation tool box stocked

... • If the Fed ends reinvestments, it is likely to do so gradually. Letting the balance sheet run down without smoothing would mean a very choppy reduction. ...
CIRCULAR TDS ON SALARY – Financial Year 2013
CIRCULAR TDS ON SALARY – Financial Year 2013

The Main Event: Trade Really Does Create Value
The Main Event: Trade Really Does Create Value

... B. Flow from the spending stream is channeled into the financial sector as savings when individuals buy financial assets such as stocks or bonds and back into the spending stream as investment. C. These obligations by the issuer of the financial asset are called financial liabilities. For every fina ...
The Role of Interest Rate Swaps in Corporate
The Role of Interest Rate Swaps in Corporate

The Role of Interest Rates in the Brazilian Business Cycles
The Role of Interest Rates in the Brazilian Business Cycles

Financial instruments
Financial instruments

... Investors bear the entire company’s risk (they will not receive any income if the company does not perform well, and in the event of bankruptcy, shareholders come after creditors in the distribution of the proceeds from the sale of assets (in other words, most of the time, they may not recover anyth ...
Banking & Financial Markets
Banking & Financial Markets

the time value of money - Pegasus Server
the time value of money - Pegasus Server

... ADMINISTRATORS ARE NOT responsible for teaching you this software, however. Financial spreadsheets using Excel are a part of financial modeling and financial decision making today. As a UCF business school graduate you will be expected to understand these tools. This course will help you in understa ...
Accounting Notes
Accounting Notes

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES COUNTRY SPREADS AND EMERGING COUNTRIES: WHO DRIVES WHOM?
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES COUNTRY SPREADS AND EMERGING COUNTRIES: WHO DRIVES WHOM?

  Defaultable Debt, Interest Rates, and the Current  Account    
  Defaultable Debt, Interest Rates, and the Current  Account    

Country Spreads and Emerging Countries: Who Drives Whom?
Country Spreads and Emerging Countries: Who Drives Whom?

... tigate the role of movements in this variable in explaining business cycles in developing countries. In addressing this issue, an immediate natural question that emerges has to do with causality. Do country interest rates drive business cycles in emerging countries, or vice versa, or both? Differen ...
Chapter 15 The Term Structure of Interest Rates
Chapter 15 The Term Structure of Interest Rates

... 67. Answer the following questions that relate to bonds. A 2-year zero-coupon bond is selling for $890.00. What is the yield to maturity of this bond? The price of a 1-year zero coupon bond is $931.97. What is the yield to maturity of this bond? Calculate the forward rate for the second year. How ca ...
CHAPTER 14 Long-Term Liabilities
CHAPTER 14 Long-Term Liabilities

CHAPTER 18
CHAPTER 18

citibank, na colombo, sri lanka
citibank, na colombo, sri lanka

Economi versus Regulatory Capital
Economi versus Regulatory Capital

... on the other hand, contagion risk plays a major role, e.g. if both components are threatened with loss of reputation should problems arise in one of the constituent parts, financial stability would suffer from these cross-sector mergers. Closely related to this is the too-big-to-fail issue: is the m ...
Chapter 7 The Foreign Exchange and Stock
Chapter 7 The Foreign Exchange and Stock

... imported. But, for the reasons noted above, in the early 1980s, exports decreased while imports increased. By 1982, exports became less than imports for the first time in 70 years. This is called a trade deficit. Even though the interest rate situation has changed, the United States has had trade de ...
Your guide to investing in With-Profits
Your guide to investing in With-Profits

... Assurance Company Ltd (PAC), called the Defined Charge Participating Sub-Fund (DCPSF). This takes place through a reassurance arrangement which means that all of the benefits payable from our funds are provided by PAC. The DCPSF invests in a mix of company shares, property, government bonds, company ...
The effect of monetary and fiscal policy on interest
The effect of monetary and fiscal policy on interest

... to influence the economy, usually by varying demand and supply of money through interest rates. The two are done by different agents of the government with monetary policy being implemented by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) and the fiscal policy is implemented by the treasury. This study set out to ...
< 1 ... 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 ... 178 >

Present value

In economics, present value, also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation. The present value is always less than or equal to the future value because money has interest-earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money, except during times of negative interest rates, when the present value will be greater than the future value. Time value can be described with the simplified phrase, “A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow”. Here, 'worth more' means that its value is greater. A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow because the dollar can be invested and earn a day's worth of interest, making the total accumulate to a value more than a dollar by tomorrow. Interest can be compared to rent. Just as rent is paid to a landlord by a tenant, without the ownership of the asset being transferred, interest is paid to a lender by a borrower who gains access to the money for a time before paying it back. By letting the borrower have access to the money, the lender has sacrificed the exchange value of this money, and is compensated for it in the form of interest. The initial amount of the borrowed funds (the present value) is less than the total amount of money paid to the lender.Present value calculations, and similarly future value calculations, are used to value loans, mortgages, annuities, sinking funds, perpetuities, bonds, and more. These calculations are used to make comparisons between cash flows that don’t occur at simultaneous times. The idea is much like algebra, where variable units must be consistent in order to compare or carry out addition and subtraction; time dates must be consistent in order to make comparisons between values or carry out simple calculations. When deciding between projects in which to invest, the choice can be made by comparing respective present values of such projects by means of discounting the expected income streams at the corresponding project interest rate, or rate of return. The project with the highest present value, i.e. that is most valuable today, should be chosen.
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