• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Positive ruble interest rates to raise propensity to save in Russia
Positive ruble interest rates to raise propensity to save in Russia

Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management
Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management

... despite 3’s shorter maturity, depending on the relative size of the liquidity and maturity premiums. However, we expect r3 to be less than 4.5 percent, the expected interest rate on Investment 4 if it had low liquidity. Thus 2.5 percent < r3 < 4.5 percent. ...
Chapter 17: Evaluating Quality of Financial Reports
Chapter 17: Evaluating Quality of Financial Reports

Monetary policy and asset prices
Monetary policy and asset prices

The Main Agency Problems and Their Consequences
The Main Agency Problems and Their Consequences

... agreed. To limit agency conflicts some special costs, called agency costs, have to be incurred. They may be defined in several ways. Ross, Westerfield and Jaffe (2005) define them as additional costs resulting from the existence of conflict situations among stakeholders, which are incurred by the ow ...
Loanable Funds Theory
Loanable Funds Theory

A Note on Unconventional Monetary Policy in HANK
A Note on Unconventional Monetary Policy in HANK

... effects exactly offset the smaller partial equilibrium response. In contrast, McKay, Nakamura and Steinsson (2015) consider an alternative incomplete-market economy in which forward guidance is less effective than conventional monetary policy. Here, we follow the lead of these two papers and examin ...
Toromont Announces Fourth Quarter 2013 Results
Toromont Announces Fourth Quarter 2013 Results

... performance and financial condition of Toromont Industries Ltd. (“Toromont” or the “Company”) as at and for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2013, compared to the preceding year. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the attached unaudited consolidated financial statements and r ...
Information for investors
Information for investors

MEASURING MONEY LAUNDERING USING “THE WALKER GRAVITY MODEL”
MEASURING MONEY LAUNDERING USING “THE WALKER GRAVITY MODEL”

Bond Premiums and the Natural Real Rate of Interest
Bond Premiums and the Natural Real Rate of Interest

... the U.S. economy features adverse “risk shocks” that, like increases in bond premiums, raise the return on bonds relative to the interest rate controlled by the central bank. Smets and Wouters’ model predicts that increases in these bond premiums reduce the natural rate one for one: higher bond prem ...
Economic Justice Manifesto - School of Cooperative Individualism
Economic Justice Manifesto - School of Cooperative Individualism

... ideas. We gave up the idea that women should not vote, or hold well paid jobs, and changing our thinking has benefited our nation greatly. It is time to realize that profiting from what others have created in land, without repaying them for their effort, causes irreparable harm to the entire economi ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INFLATION, TAX RULES AND THE ACCUMULATION
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INFLATION, TAX RULES AND THE ACCUMULATION

Summary of Appraisals Proposal - the Virginia Bankers Association
Summary of Appraisals Proposal - the Virginia Bankers Association

... o The commentary provides list of examples of items that are not deemed “written appraisals and valuations:” ƒ Internal documents, that merely restate the estimated value of the dwelling contained in a written appraisal or valuation being provided to the applicant. ƒ Governmental agency statements o ...
Measuring the value of employee stock options
Measuring the value of employee stock options

... AEG paper (Eurostat (2004)) explains the idea of 2008 SNA recommendations concretely. 3 The paper states that if ESOs were spread across the vesting period, one would either need to create assets/liabilities in financial derivatives, or assets/liabilities in “Other accounts receivable and payable” w ...
View the 2016 Financial Report
View the 2016 Financial Report

M02_MADURA_4e_IM_C02
M02_MADURA_4e_IM_C02

... Chapter 2 Planning with Personal Financial Statements ...
Fiat versus Representative Money under Debate, or How Right
Fiat versus Representative Money under Debate, or How Right

... concept of segnorage. Or, the last might be the very aim of both re-shaping the basic metal quantity as flat coin and issuing paper money. And it was both politics and economic terms here. Segnorage (Weisbrot, 2005, Horne, 1915), as defined as the “segnor’s right” (9) , explains how the flat coins w ...
SOUTHWEST BANCORP INC (Form: 10-Q, Received
SOUTHWEST BANCORP INC (Form: 10-Q, Received

... forward-looking statements. In addition, our past growth and performance do not necessarily indicate our future results. For other factors, risks, and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from estimates and projections contained in forward-looking statements, please rea ...
Quantitative Easing and the American Economy: How Saving is
Quantitative Easing and the American Economy: How Saving is

System for Dissemination of Reference Statistical Prices (Yields) for
System for Dissemination of Reference Statistical Prices (Yields) for

Multiple Choice Questions
Multiple Choice Questions

... 31. A preferred stock will pay a dividend of $7.50 in the upcoming year, and every year thereafter, i.e., dividends are not expected to grow. You require a return of 10% on this stock. Use the constant growth DDM to calculate the intrinsic value of this preferred stock. A) $0.75 B) $7.50 C) $64.12 D ...
here - University of Minnesota Extension
here - University of Minnesota Extension

... Worth as of a certain date. It can be thought of as a “snapshot” of your financial condition at that time. For producers whose fiscal year coincides with the calendar year, January 1 is an excellent date for the annual Balance Sheet. It marks the beginning and ending of their business year, and enab ...
Corporate Investments and Stock Returns: International Evidence*
Corporate Investments and Stock Returns: International Evidence*

HSI 12.31.16 - Stmt of Fin Condition
HSI 12.31.16 - Stmt of Fin Condition

... Adopted in Future Periods................................ 4 Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal and Other Regulations ...................................... ...
< 1 ... 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 ... 178 >

Present value

In economics, present value, also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation. The present value is always less than or equal to the future value because money has interest-earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money, except during times of negative interest rates, when the present value will be greater than the future value. Time value can be described with the simplified phrase, “A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow”. Here, 'worth more' means that its value is greater. A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow because the dollar can be invested and earn a day's worth of interest, making the total accumulate to a value more than a dollar by tomorrow. Interest can be compared to rent. Just as rent is paid to a landlord by a tenant, without the ownership of the asset being transferred, interest is paid to a lender by a borrower who gains access to the money for a time before paying it back. By letting the borrower have access to the money, the lender has sacrificed the exchange value of this money, and is compensated for it in the form of interest. The initial amount of the borrowed funds (the present value) is less than the total amount of money paid to the lender.Present value calculations, and similarly future value calculations, are used to value loans, mortgages, annuities, sinking funds, perpetuities, bonds, and more. These calculations are used to make comparisons between cash flows that don’t occur at simultaneous times. The idea is much like algebra, where variable units must be consistent in order to compare or carry out addition and subtraction; time dates must be consistent in order to make comparisons between values or carry out simple calculations. When deciding between projects in which to invest, the choice can be made by comparing respective present values of such projects by means of discounting the expected income streams at the corresponding project interest rate, or rate of return. The project with the highest present value, i.e. that is most valuable today, should be chosen.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report