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A factor portfolio
A factor portfolio

... We can think of beta as measuring the exposure of a stock or portfolio to marketwide or macroeconomic risk factors. Thus, one interpretation of the SML is that investors are rewarded with a higher expected return for their exposure to macro risk, based on both the sensitivity to that risk (beta) as ...
Chapter 13 Current Liabilities and Contingencies
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Treatment of VOBA, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets under
Treatment of VOBA, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets under

... assumed 2. The amount described in (a).” With the PGAAP liability measured in accordance with the acquirer’s accounting policies, VOBA emerges as the difference between such PGAAP liability and the FVL. A common method for computing VOBA when FVL is not readily available starts with an actuarial app ...
Policy Rate, Mortgage Rate and Housing Prices
Policy Rate, Mortgage Rate and Housing Prices

chapter 5
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... that influence regional mortgage interest rates will be identified. Differing from their study, determinants of both national and regional factors will be examined in detail. EMPIRICAL SECTION Data The quarterly mortgage interest rate data used in this study are collected by Freddie Mac for five reg ...
Valuing Accounts Receivable
Valuing Accounts Receivable

...  Valuing receivables involves reporting them at their net realizable value. Net realizable value is the amount expected to be received in cash.  Credit losses are considered a normal and necessary risk of doing business on a credit basis. Credit losses are debited to Bad Debts Expense.  The key i ...
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) Registration Statement No. 333
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) Registration Statement No. 333

... discounts, mark-ups, or other transaction costs. These bids, offers, or completed transactions may affect the prices, if any, at which the notes might otherwise trade in the market. In addition, if at any time MLPF&S were to cease acting as a market-maker for the notes, it is likely that there would ...
all in the family or public? law and appropriative costs as
all in the family or public? law and appropriative costs as

BSL 4: Corporate finance
BSL 4: Corporate finance

... • Net asset value: Value of all assets – all debts • Problem: Value of assets based on accounting standards – not necessarily representing the market value of the assets or their value to the business – Example 1: New car purchased for $30K. Expected life: 10 years • After 1 year, book value is $27K ...
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united states securities and exchange commission
united states securities and exchange commission

... Certain statements contained in this Form 10-Q and other written or oral statements made by or on behalf of Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc. (“Piedmont”) may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. In addition, Piedmont, or its executive officers on ...
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Chapter 10 The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows
Chapter 10 The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows

... d. The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) assumes that cash flows from all projects are reinvested at the cost of capital as opposed to the project's own IRR. This makes the modified internal rate of return a better indicator of a project's true profitability. The profitability index is found b ...
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... The Demand of Currency Deposits (cont.) • If prices are fixed, the inflation rate is 0% and (nominal) rates of return = real rates of return. • Because trading of deposits in different currencies occurs on a daily basis, we often assume that prices do not change from day to day. – A good assumption ...
Annual Report 2015 Deutsche Bahn Finance B.V. Amsterdam
Annual Report 2015 Deutsche Bahn Finance B.V. Amsterdam

risk management: an introduction to financial engineering
risk management: an introduction to financial engineering

Trading forex options on the JSE
Trading forex options on the JSE

... If he had not used the Option he would have lost: R 8.70 x 5,000,000= R 43,500,000 R 8.25 x 5,000,000= R 41,250,000 R 43,500,000 – R 41,250,000 = R 2,250,000 By purchasing the Option he reduced his foreign exposure risk to R 1,000,000. If Frank had entered into a Futures contract he could have got t ...
r~ erivatives" has become a code word for anything financial... )bites you when you least expect it. Everyone has read...
r~ erivatives" has become a code word for anything financial... )bites you when you least expect it. Everyone has read...

CHAP1.WP (Word5)
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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT AGENTS IN
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT AGENTS IN

... income is affected not only by aggregate but also by idiosyncratic income shocks, but other forms of heterogeneity have also been considered.1 These models have been shown to be an improvement over standard representative agent models in several dimensions. For example, they provide an explanation f ...
The Risks of Sovereign Lending: Lessons from History
The Risks of Sovereign Lending: Lessons from History

... Most of the defaults in the 1820s were by new countries still struggling for their freedom. The demand for loans arose from the need for armaments to protect the borrowers' newly won independence and maintain internal order, not for investments in productive capacity that could repay, the loans. Bet ...
pse09 van der Ploeg  9563581 en
pse09 van der Ploeg 9563581 en

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Present value

In economics, present value, also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation. The present value is always less than or equal to the future value because money has interest-earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money, except during times of negative interest rates, when the present value will be greater than the future value. Time value can be described with the simplified phrase, “A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow”. Here, 'worth more' means that its value is greater. A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow because the dollar can be invested and earn a day's worth of interest, making the total accumulate to a value more than a dollar by tomorrow. Interest can be compared to rent. Just as rent is paid to a landlord by a tenant, without the ownership of the asset being transferred, interest is paid to a lender by a borrower who gains access to the money for a time before paying it back. By letting the borrower have access to the money, the lender has sacrificed the exchange value of this money, and is compensated for it in the form of interest. The initial amount of the borrowed funds (the present value) is less than the total amount of money paid to the lender.Present value calculations, and similarly future value calculations, are used to value loans, mortgages, annuities, sinking funds, perpetuities, bonds, and more. These calculations are used to make comparisons between cash flows that don’t occur at simultaneous times. The idea is much like algebra, where variable units must be consistent in order to compare or carry out addition and subtraction; time dates must be consistent in order to make comparisons between values or carry out simple calculations. When deciding between projects in which to invest, the choice can be made by comparing respective present values of such projects by means of discounting the expected income streams at the corresponding project interest rate, or rate of return. The project with the highest present value, i.e. that is most valuable today, should be chosen.
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