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British Investment Overseas 1870-1913
British Investment Overseas 1870-1913

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... no way to get liquidity if trade fails. As a result, he sells B’s debt at a discounted price, recovering less than his initial investment. If the horizon mismatch is severe, then this loss from selling at a discount is so likely that C0 is unwilling to lend in the first place. But if B’s debt is dem ...
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... property types. For the year, the FTSE All Equity REIT Index generated a total return of 28.0% while the S&P 500 returned 13.7%. Looking at a 20-year history, REITs have consistently outperformed the S&P 500 while exhibiting only slightly higher volatility, returning an average of 13.5% per year ver ...
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Syndicated loan

A syndicated loan is one that is provided by a group of lenders and is structured, arranged, and administered by one or several commercial banks or investment banks known as lead arrangers.The syndicated loan market is the dominant way for corporations in the U.S. and Europe to top banks and other institutional financial capital providers for loans. The U.S. market originated with the large leveraged buyout loans of the mid-1980s, and Europe's market blossomed with the launch of the euro in 1999.At the most basic level, arrangers serve the investment-banking role of raising investor funding for an issuer in need of capital. The issuer pays the arranger a fee for this service, and this fee increases with the complexity and risk factors of the loan. As a result, the most profitable loans are those to leveraged borrowers—issuers whose credit ratings are speculative grade and who are paying spreads (premiums or margins above the relevant LIBOR in the U.S. and UK, Euribor in Europe or another base rate) sufficient to attract the interest of non-bank term loan investors. Though, this threshold moves up and down depending on market conditions.In the U.S., corporate borrowers and private equity sponsors fairly even-handedly drive debt issuance. Europe, however, has far less corporate activity and its issuance is dominated by private equity sponsors, who, in turn, determine many of the standards and practices of loan syndication.
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