Objectives 35 - U
... striatum; internal capsule grows between these structures leaving bridges of gray matter - putamen and globus pallidus have different connections, but are physically attached 2. General connections - basal ganglia have few projections downstream to brainstem and spinal cord - instead, they affect mo ...
... striatum; internal capsule grows between these structures leaving bridges of gray matter - putamen and globus pallidus have different connections, but are physically attached 2. General connections - basal ganglia have few projections downstream to brainstem and spinal cord - instead, they affect mo ...
prenatal formation of cortical input and development of
... cortex again were localized primarily in the dorsalmost differentiated in the postnatal monkey, at the same time, half of the ipsilateral caudate nucleus and putamen. As they are easier to visualize in fetal monkeys perhaps in the fetus injected at E69, silver grains in fetuses because of the high p ...
... cortex again were localized primarily in the dorsalmost differentiated in the postnatal monkey, at the same time, half of the ipsilateral caudate nucleus and putamen. As they are easier to visualize in fetal monkeys perhaps in the fetus injected at E69, silver grains in fetuses because of the high p ...
Morphology and Physiology of the Cerebellar Vestibulolateral Lobe
... FIG. 1. Afferent organization of the cerebellar vestibulolateral lobe in goldfish. A and B: lateral view of the intact goldfish hindbrain and cerebellum in which the schematic diagram is drawn at the same scale to closely depict the dorsoventral and rostrocaudal locations of the major mid- and hindb ...
... FIG. 1. Afferent organization of the cerebellar vestibulolateral lobe in goldfish. A and B: lateral view of the intact goldfish hindbrain and cerebellum in which the schematic diagram is drawn at the same scale to closely depict the dorsoventral and rostrocaudal locations of the major mid- and hindb ...
Elastic instabilities in a layered cerebral cortex: A revised axonal
... which surrounding regions belong to gyri and which belong to sulci [8]. Moreover, cortical folds generated by linking different areas of the brain via axonal tension means that denser neuronal pathways should exhibit straighter whitematter trajectories. There exists some correlation between denser n ...
... which surrounding regions belong to gyri and which belong to sulci [8]. Moreover, cortical folds generated by linking different areas of the brain via axonal tension means that denser neuronal pathways should exhibit straighter whitematter trajectories. There exists some correlation between denser n ...
Alcohol and neuroinflammation: Involvement of astroglial cells and
... system may not be able to recognize every possible antigen; but may instead focus on a few highly conserved structures expressed by large groups of microorganisms. These conserved structural motifs are referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and the receptors of the innate imm ...
... system may not be able to recognize every possible antigen; but may instead focus on a few highly conserved structures expressed by large groups of microorganisms. These conserved structural motifs are referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and the receptors of the innate imm ...
Internal structure of spinal cord
... Lateral Corticospinal Tract • Damage to the corticospinal tract results in changes in modulation of the deep tendon reflexes to cause hyperreflexia and spasticity at segments below the level of corticospinal damage. The three clinical characteristics of hyperreflexia are amplitude of reflex, speed ...
... Lateral Corticospinal Tract • Damage to the corticospinal tract results in changes in modulation of the deep tendon reflexes to cause hyperreflexia and spasticity at segments below the level of corticospinal damage. The three clinical characteristics of hyperreflexia are amplitude of reflex, speed ...
PDF of article - Janelia Research Campus
... The access to molecular-genetic tools and the ability to reliably identify specific neurons across multiple individuals makes the Drosophila brain a powerful model system for dissecting neuronal function and development (Jefferis et al., 2001; Urbach and Technau, 2004; Yu et al., 2009). The nervous ...
... The access to molecular-genetic tools and the ability to reliably identify specific neurons across multiple individuals makes the Drosophila brain a powerful model system for dissecting neuronal function and development (Jefferis et al., 2001; Urbach and Technau, 2004; Yu et al., 2009). The nervous ...
Lbx1 marks a subset of interneurons in chick hindbrain and spinal cord
... rhombomeres are indicated (r1±r7). Only right halves of the sections are shown; dorsal is to the top. In rhombomere 1, only Serrate-1 is expressed (red arrow). In the other rhombomeres, Lbx1 signals are found in the mantle zone, reaching as far ventral as the dorsalmost Serrate-1 stripe in the ventr ...
... rhombomeres are indicated (r1±r7). Only right halves of the sections are shown; dorsal is to the top. In rhombomere 1, only Serrate-1 is expressed (red arrow). In the other rhombomeres, Lbx1 signals are found in the mantle zone, reaching as far ventral as the dorsalmost Serrate-1 stripe in the ventr ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... developmental mechanismsthat give rise to the differential expression of neuropeptides by individual neurons are incompletely understood. One of the first stepstoward understanding how diverse peptidergic phenotypes are generated is elucidating the pattern of peptide expressionduring normal developm ...
... developmental mechanismsthat give rise to the differential expression of neuropeptides by individual neurons are incompletely understood. One of the first stepstoward understanding how diverse peptidergic phenotypes are generated is elucidating the pattern of peptide expressionduring normal developm ...
The Projection from the Superficial to the Deep Layers
... no more than 200 pm away from the cell body. Narrow-field vertical cells have vertically oriented dendritic arbors that extend no more than 300 pm in either the rostrocaudal or mediolateral planes.The average soma area for these neurons is 90-100 Fm*. Wide-field vertical cellshave relatively large(1 ...
... no more than 200 pm away from the cell body. Narrow-field vertical cells have vertically oriented dendritic arbors that extend no more than 300 pm in either the rostrocaudal or mediolateral planes.The average soma area for these neurons is 90-100 Fm*. Wide-field vertical cellshave relatively large(1 ...
Neurotransmitters Role in Health 2008 PPT
... dosages for therapeutic products/procedures that have not been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). MEC and Jespersen & Associates do not recommend the use of any product/procedure outside of the labeled indications. A qualified health care professional should be consult ...
... dosages for therapeutic products/procedures that have not been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). MEC and Jespersen & Associates do not recommend the use of any product/procedure outside of the labeled indications. A qualified health care professional should be consult ...
Natural Antioxidants May Prevent Posttraumatic Epilepsy: A
... Head injury or hemorrhagic cortical infarction results in extravasation of blood and breakdown of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Iron liberated from hemoglobin, and hemoglobin itself, are associated with the generation of reactiveoxygen species(ROS)and reactivenitrogen species(RNS). ROS and RNS hav ...
... Head injury or hemorrhagic cortical infarction results in extravasation of blood and breakdown of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Iron liberated from hemoglobin, and hemoglobin itself, are associated with the generation of reactiveoxygen species(ROS)and reactivenitrogen species(RNS). ROS and RNS hav ...
A gene expression atlas of the central nervous system based on
... and to provide a collection of mouse lines carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter genes in a large variety of CNS cell types. We demonstrate the use of this approach to formulate detailed hypotheses concerning individual gene functions, to analyse cell migration, to discover nov ...
... and to provide a collection of mouse lines carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter genes in a large variety of CNS cell types. We demonstrate the use of this approach to formulate detailed hypotheses concerning individual gene functions, to analyse cell migration, to discover nov ...
A novel brain receptor is expressed in a distinct population of
... employed which allowed a coexpression of histological markers together with the receptor and thus visualization of the appropriate cell population. It was found that the receptor-expressing cells were located very close to the basal membrane of the epithelium; however, the cells extended a dendritic ...
... employed which allowed a coexpression of histological markers together with the receptor and thus visualization of the appropriate cell population. It was found that the receptor-expressing cells were located very close to the basal membrane of the epithelium; however, the cells extended a dendritic ...
Nurr1 activates TH gene expression
... genes that are regulated by Nurr1 and Ptx3 have yet to be identified via gain-of-function analyses. In addition, the exact role of Nurr1 or Ptx3 in dopaminergic phenotype determination versus the more generic neuronal differentiation process is not well understood. Neural stem cells (reviewed by Gag ...
... genes that are regulated by Nurr1 and Ptx3 have yet to be identified via gain-of-function analyses. In addition, the exact role of Nurr1 or Ptx3 in dopaminergic phenotype determination versus the more generic neuronal differentiation process is not well understood. Neural stem cells (reviewed by Gag ...
Some Nemerteans from South Africa and a note on Lineus
... posteriorly a much paler green. Length 3 inches, width 0.1 inch *. I n Stimpson's second paper (1857) this becomes Cerebratulus oleaginus. Burger (1895) synonymised M . olivacea with Lineus gesserensis, i.e. L. ruber (0.F. M.). M'Intosh had previously synonymised the later name in the same way. M'In ...
... posteriorly a much paler green. Length 3 inches, width 0.1 inch *. I n Stimpson's second paper (1857) this becomes Cerebratulus oleaginus. Burger (1895) synonymised M . olivacea with Lineus gesserensis, i.e. L. ruber (0.F. M.). M'Intosh had previously synonymised the later name in the same way. M'In ...
Introduction to Surgical Therapies
... the neurostimulator or pulse generator. This component of the system contains the battery and computer circuitry that generates the electrical pulses that are delivered via the lead to the brain. The system can be turned on or off by the patient or by the clinician. The clinician can activate one or ...
... the neurostimulator or pulse generator. This component of the system contains the battery and computer circuitry that generates the electrical pulses that are delivered via the lead to the brain. The system can be turned on or off by the patient or by the clinician. The clinician can activate one or ...
A neural support vector machine
... rather than biological analogies. Solution algorithms suggest implementation in a digital computer. There is, however, one aspect of SVMs that stands out as similar to biological systems. An SVM ignores typical examples but pays attention to borderline cases and outliers. It remembers surprises and ...
... rather than biological analogies. Solution algorithms suggest implementation in a digital computer. There is, however, one aspect of SVMs that stands out as similar to biological systems. An SVM ignores typical examples but pays attention to borderline cases and outliers. It remembers surprises and ...
Mercury and the Developing Brain
... Methylmercury is a neurotoxin – a substance that damages, destroys, or impairs the functioning of nerve tissue. In the U.S., the general population is exposed to various forms of mercury through inhalation, consumption of contaminated food or water, and exposure to substances containing mercury, suc ...
... Methylmercury is a neurotoxin – a substance that damages, destroys, or impairs the functioning of nerve tissue. In the U.S., the general population is exposed to various forms of mercury through inhalation, consumption of contaminated food or water, and exposure to substances containing mercury, suc ...
Expression of Cux-1 and Cux-2 in the Subventricular Zone and
... expressed in several tissues in the embryonic and adult mouse. In contrast, Cux-2 is mostly restricted to the nervous system (Quaggin et al., 1996), although it is also expressed in the developing limb buds and the urogenital system (Iulianella et al., 2003). Although the functions of Cux-1 have bee ...
... expressed in several tissues in the embryonic and adult mouse. In contrast, Cux-2 is mostly restricted to the nervous system (Quaggin et al., 1996), although it is also expressed in the developing limb buds and the urogenital system (Iulianella et al., 2003). Although the functions of Cux-1 have bee ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... enhancement or depression in the neural activation level, leading to a change in the likelihood of behavioral responses. For example, while coincident presentation of a light and sound at a target location will enhance the likelihood of an animal approaching the target accurately (Stein, Meredith, H ...
... enhancement or depression in the neural activation level, leading to a change in the likelihood of behavioral responses. For example, while coincident presentation of a light and sound at a target location will enhance the likelihood of an animal approaching the target accurately (Stein, Meredith, H ...
Neuroscience and Behavior
... Neuron – Highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical form; a nerve cell. Cell Body – Processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function; contains the cell’s nucleus; also called the soma. Dendrites – Multiple short fibers that extend from the neur ...
... Neuron – Highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical form; a nerve cell. Cell Body – Processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function; contains the cell’s nucleus; also called the soma. Dendrites – Multiple short fibers that extend from the neur ...
BIOL_218_F_2010_FNX_Q_101210.4
... You have completed an introductory course to Human Anatomy. During the course you noted that there are both commonality and uniqueness of structure between the Primate, Homo sapiens sapiens – (Cadaver) and representative other mammals, the Artiodactyl, Ovis aries (Sheep brain and heart) as well as t ...
... You have completed an introductory course to Human Anatomy. During the course you noted that there are both commonality and uniqueness of structure between the Primate, Homo sapiens sapiens – (Cadaver) and representative other mammals, the Artiodactyl, Ovis aries (Sheep brain and heart) as well as t ...
Neurons
... Also known as the brainstem, this is the vasomotor center that controls cardiopulmonary function and digestion. ...
... Also known as the brainstem, this is the vasomotor center that controls cardiopulmonary function and digestion. ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.