Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... Glia are the most abundant cell type in the mammalian nervous system and they have vital roles in neural development, function and health. However our understanding of the biology of glia is in its infancy. How do glia develop and interact with neurons? How diverse are glial populations? What are th ...
... Glia are the most abundant cell type in the mammalian nervous system and they have vital roles in neural development, function and health. However our understanding of the biology of glia is in its infancy. How do glia develop and interact with neurons? How diverse are glial populations? What are th ...
HCI1 - Brian Whitworth
... – Sentence meaning also affects word meaning • One-way processing cannot handle context effects, where the whole alters the part that creates it: – “Hit me” (Blackjack) vs “Hit me” (in boxing) http://brianwhitworth.com ...
... – Sentence meaning also affects word meaning • One-way processing cannot handle context effects, where the whole alters the part that creates it: – “Hit me” (Blackjack) vs “Hit me” (in boxing) http://brianwhitworth.com ...
CNS - JCU - Pathology Web
... arises from the middle of the pons and is sensory to the face. Nerves VI, VII and VIII arise from the lower border of the pons. Green arrow cranial nerve VI which is motor to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. Light blue arrow the medial half of this nerve bundle is cranial nerve VII (facial nerv ...
... arises from the middle of the pons and is sensory to the face. Nerves VI, VII and VIII arise from the lower border of the pons. Green arrow cranial nerve VI which is motor to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. Light blue arrow the medial half of this nerve bundle is cranial nerve VII (facial nerv ...
Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential
... diameter of the soma was largest and the membrane was most intensely stained. C ells were then cut out with the scissor tool and removed to a new N IH worksheet. A single representative slice was taken for each identified neuron. All identified cells from one ganglion were placed on the same workshe ...
... diameter of the soma was largest and the membrane was most intensely stained. C ells were then cut out with the scissor tool and removed to a new N IH worksheet. A single representative slice was taken for each identified neuron. All identified cells from one ganglion were placed on the same workshe ...
The Neuronal Correlate of Consciousness
... also play a role in neuronal processes and might be able to account for the emergence of consciousness from the material interactions in the brain (Hameroff, 2006; Penrose, 1994). As none of the predictions of these theories are at present amenable to experimental verification, these will not be dis ...
... also play a role in neuronal processes and might be able to account for the emergence of consciousness from the material interactions in the brain (Hameroff, 2006; Penrose, 1994). As none of the predictions of these theories are at present amenable to experimental verification, these will not be dis ...
HEAD III: Special Senses
... • People with brown/black eyes with pigment throughout iris • People with blue eyes—rest of iris clear, brown pigment at back appears blue after passing through iris/cornea ...
... • People with brown/black eyes with pigment throughout iris • People with blue eyes—rest of iris clear, brown pigment at back appears blue after passing through iris/cornea ...
State-dependent computations - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced
... an analogy between neural networks and a liquid20. A pebble thrown into a pond will create a spatiotemporal pattern of ripples, and the pattern produced by any subsequent pebbles will be a complex nonlinear function of the interaction of the stimulus (the pebble) with the internal state of the liqui ...
... an analogy between neural networks and a liquid20. A pebble thrown into a pond will create a spatiotemporal pattern of ripples, and the pattern produced by any subsequent pebbles will be a complex nonlinear function of the interaction of the stimulus (the pebble) with the internal state of the liqui ...
Proceedings - Neuroscience Meetings
... Summary. Single episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole led to slowly developing memory impairments in rats, accompanied by elimination of excessive newly generated young cells which were born in the hippocampus soon after the seizures and transient activation of m ...
... Summary. Single episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole led to slowly developing memory impairments in rats, accompanied by elimination of excessive newly generated young cells which were born in the hippocampus soon after the seizures and transient activation of m ...
The Visceral Nervous System
... arrectores pilorum and sweat glands of head, neck, trunk and limbs The fibers from their networks around blood vessels passing to visceral end organs Terminate directly in certain organs ...
... arrectores pilorum and sweat glands of head, neck, trunk and limbs The fibers from their networks around blood vessels passing to visceral end organs Terminate directly in certain organs ...
505kb pdf - Brain Sciences Center
... recorded. Let us place the x axis of a rectangular lattice along the penetration line, with the lattice origin (0, 0) at a neuron i (i ⫽ 1, 2, . . ., n). The coordinate x thus indicates the position of a given neuron recorded in the penetration with respect to the particular neuron i at the origin o ...
... recorded. Let us place the x axis of a rectangular lattice along the penetration line, with the lattice origin (0, 0) at a neuron i (i ⫽ 1, 2, . . ., n). The coordinate x thus indicates the position of a given neuron recorded in the penetration with respect to the particular neuron i at the origin o ...
The Neural Architecture Underlying Habit Learning: An Evolving
... them — from morning routines to evening routines. These, of course, are individual habits; but we all share in rituals and habits that are social and even societal. These rituals are like threads running through the history of mankind (Fig. 1); once shared as cultural habits, they can have great pow ...
... them — from morning routines to evening routines. These, of course, are individual habits; but we all share in rituals and habits that are social and even societal. These rituals are like threads running through the history of mankind (Fig. 1); once shared as cultural habits, they can have great pow ...
07-Managing Pain
... Gate control theory of pain • Sensory input is not the only factor – Changes in the spinal column and brain control the flow of neural impulses – Parts of spinal column can either • increase (open the gate) or • decrease (close the gate) ...
... Gate control theory of pain • Sensory input is not the only factor – Changes in the spinal column and brain control the flow of neural impulses – Parts of spinal column can either • increase (open the gate) or • decrease (close the gate) ...
Chapter 11: The Auditory and Vestibular Systems
... The Semicircular Canals Function: Detect head movements Structure Crista: Sheet of cells where hair cells of semicircular canals clustered Ampulla: Bulge along canal, contains crista Cilia: Project into gelatinous cupula Kinocili oriented in same direction so all excited or inhibited together Semici ...
... The Semicircular Canals Function: Detect head movements Structure Crista: Sheet of cells where hair cells of semicircular canals clustered Ampulla: Bulge along canal, contains crista Cilia: Project into gelatinous cupula Kinocili oriented in same direction so all excited or inhibited together Semici ...
Discovery of a Proneurogenic, Neuroprotective
... the validity of our in vivo approach to assess the ability of ICVinfused compounds to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in the brain hemisphere contralateral to that of compound infusion. We reasoned that it was important that neurogenesis triggered by any compound be localized to the exact region of ...
... the validity of our in vivo approach to assess the ability of ICVinfused compounds to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in the brain hemisphere contralateral to that of compound infusion. We reasoned that it was important that neurogenesis triggered by any compound be localized to the exact region of ...
Composition and Organization of the SCZ: A Large Germinal Layer
... differentiate into granule neurons in the DG (Altman and Das 1965; Kaplan and Bell 1984; Cameron and others 1993). Work in the neonatal rodent brain has shown that, in addition to neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are also formed in the SVZ (Levison and Goldman 1993; Luskin 1993). More recent ...
... differentiate into granule neurons in the DG (Altman and Das 1965; Kaplan and Bell 1984; Cameron and others 1993). Work in the neonatal rodent brain has shown that, in addition to neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are also formed in the SVZ (Levison and Goldman 1993; Luskin 1993). More recent ...
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in learning and reward Ph.D
... One of the most important and interesting questions about brain function is learning, more precisely, what is learned in a certain situation, which brain regions are involved in a certain aspect of learning and how neuronal networks function during learning. The dissertation is about motivated, food ...
... One of the most important and interesting questions about brain function is learning, more precisely, what is learned in a certain situation, which brain regions are involved in a certain aspect of learning and how neuronal networks function during learning. The dissertation is about motivated, food ...
Document
... • Most spinal and many cranial nerves contain both somatic and autonomic fibers • Adaptations usually involve both skeletal muscles and visceral organs ...
... • Most spinal and many cranial nerves contain both somatic and autonomic fibers • Adaptations usually involve both skeletal muscles and visceral organs ...
PSYCHOLOGY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
... – Sentence meaning also affects word meaning • One-way processing cannot handle context effects, where the whole alters the part that creates it: – “Hit me” (Blackjack) vs “Hit me” (in boxing) http://brianwhitworth.com ...
... – Sentence meaning also affects word meaning • One-way processing cannot handle context effects, where the whole alters the part that creates it: – “Hit me” (Blackjack) vs “Hit me” (in boxing) http://brianwhitworth.com ...
GustOlf9
... 1. Info goes to 1° cortex with thalamic relay. 2. 1° olfactory cortex = phylogenetically older allocortex. 3. Projections to 5 separate cortical regions, rather than to just 1 (all allocortex) (Fig. 9-7, below): - less developed in humans, compared to some other species. - less precise topographic o ...
... 1. Info goes to 1° cortex with thalamic relay. 2. 1° olfactory cortex = phylogenetically older allocortex. 3. Projections to 5 separate cortical regions, rather than to just 1 (all allocortex) (Fig. 9-7, below): - less developed in humans, compared to some other species. - less precise topographic o ...
Neural stem cells - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
... distinguished from astrocytes forming the astrocytic niche that are sometimes called ‘horizontal astrocytes’. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of the proliferation and differentiation of each of these cell types at the hippocampal SGZ, Kempermann et al. (2006) took advantage of the fact that adu ...
... distinguished from astrocytes forming the astrocytic niche that are sometimes called ‘horizontal astrocytes’. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of the proliferation and differentiation of each of these cell types at the hippocampal SGZ, Kempermann et al. (2006) took advantage of the fact that adu ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... (interaural coordinates AP 12.2, ML 02.0, and DV 7.4) and substantia nigra (coordinates AP 3.6, ML 1.6, and DV 1.6) and fixed in place with dental cement. A flap of bone (from 8.5–12.5 mm anterior to the interaural line and 1.0–4.5 mm lateral to the midline) was removed to expose the dura, which was ...
... (interaural coordinates AP 12.2, ML 02.0, and DV 7.4) and substantia nigra (coordinates AP 3.6, ML 1.6, and DV 1.6) and fixed in place with dental cement. A flap of bone (from 8.5–12.5 mm anterior to the interaural line and 1.0–4.5 mm lateral to the midline) was removed to expose the dura, which was ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... (interaural coordinates AP 12.2, ML 02.0, and DV 7.4) and substantia nigra (coordinates AP 3.6, ML 1.6, and DV 1.6) and fixed in place with dental cement. A flap of bone (from 8.5–12.5 mm anterior to the interaural line and 1.0–4.5 mm lateral to the midline) was removed to expose the dura, which was ...
... (interaural coordinates AP 12.2, ML 02.0, and DV 7.4) and substantia nigra (coordinates AP 3.6, ML 1.6, and DV 1.6) and fixed in place with dental cement. A flap of bone (from 8.5–12.5 mm anterior to the interaural line and 1.0–4.5 mm lateral to the midline) was removed to expose the dura, which was ...
Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex
... described cells with nuclei at the ventricular surface and fibers coursing to the pia that were interpreted as translocating neurons. However, these cells resemble radial glial cells in M-phase of the cell cycle that are now known to retain their radial fibers during division [62,70] and to express ...
... described cells with nuclei at the ventricular surface and fibers coursing to the pia that were interpreted as translocating neurons. However, these cells resemble radial glial cells in M-phase of the cell cycle that are now known to retain their radial fibers during division [62,70] and to express ...
Chapter 2 The Neural Impulse
... B) Impulses in myelinated neurons may reach speeds of nearly 400 feet per second. C) The strength (intensity) of a neuron's action potential depends on the strength of its ...
... B) Impulses in myelinated neurons may reach speeds of nearly 400 feet per second. C) The strength (intensity) of a neuron's action potential depends on the strength of its ...
Neuroscience
... to D-tubulin is stable and plays a structural function in the microtubule. The GTP bound to E-tubulin may be hydrolyzed to GDP shortly after assembly into MTs, with GDPtubulin being more prone to depolymerization. MTs are polar structures with a labile plus end (favored for assembly and disassembly) ...
... to D-tubulin is stable and plays a structural function in the microtubule. The GTP bound to E-tubulin may be hydrolyzed to GDP shortly after assembly into MTs, with GDPtubulin being more prone to depolymerization. MTs are polar structures with a labile plus end (favored for assembly and disassembly) ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.