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Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... experimental studies of inter-neuronal connectivity are difficult and the connectivity data is scarce. At the same time neuroanatomists possess much data on cellular morphology and have powerful techniques to image neuronal shapes. This suggests using morphological data to infer inter-neuronal conne ...
... experimental studies of inter-neuronal connectivity are difficult and the connectivity data is scarce. At the same time neuroanatomists possess much data on cellular morphology and have powerful techniques to image neuronal shapes. This suggests using morphological data to infer inter-neuronal conne ...
Neuropeptidergic Organization of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in
... blind [22,24], light entrains circadian locomotor activity [61,62] and induces expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) [83], demonstrating that the photic system effectively transmits light information to the biological clock. In addition, thermoregulatory capacit ...
... blind [22,24], light entrains circadian locomotor activity [61,62] and induces expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) [83], demonstrating that the photic system effectively transmits light information to the biological clock. In addition, thermoregulatory capacit ...
Metabolic changes in schizophrenia and human brain evolution
... file 1; Materials and methods). Strikingly, all six of these biological processes are related to energy metabolism. This is highly unexpected, given that there were only 7 biological processes containing genes involved in energy metabolism among the 22 positively selected categories (Figure 1; Table ...
... file 1; Materials and methods). Strikingly, all six of these biological processes are related to energy metabolism. This is highly unexpected, given that there were only 7 biological processes containing genes involved in energy metabolism among the 22 positively selected categories (Figure 1; Table ...
Further Cognitive Science
... Signals are received at the dendrites, processed in the cell body and a signal is output for processing by other cells via the axon. ...
... Signals are received at the dendrites, processed in the cell body and a signal is output for processing by other cells via the axon. ...
The Sagittal Plane and Body Directions (cont`d)
... • Moving from the end of a limb toward where it is attached to the body is moving in a proximal direction, or proximally. ...
... • Moving from the end of a limb toward where it is attached to the body is moving in a proximal direction, or proximally. ...
Figure 13.13a - El Camino College
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
BASAL GANGLIA: A "pit stop" that integrates the movement
... submitted to EPOS by third parties in the form of scientific presentations. References to any names, marks, products, or services of third parties or hypertext links to thirdparty sites or information are provided solely as a convenience to you and do not in any way constitute or imply ECR's endorse ...
... submitted to EPOS by third parties in the form of scientific presentations. References to any names, marks, products, or services of third parties or hypertext links to thirdparty sites or information are provided solely as a convenience to you and do not in any way constitute or imply ECR's endorse ...
Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Neuronal Cell Death in
... stress and vehicle; (iii) chemicals alone; and (iv) vehicle alone. All animals were evaluated for: (i) the disruption of the blood– brain barrier (BBB) using intravenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections and endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) immunostaining; (ii) neuronal cell death using H&E s ...
... stress and vehicle; (iii) chemicals alone; and (iv) vehicle alone. All animals were evaluated for: (i) the disruption of the blood– brain barrier (BBB) using intravenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections and endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) immunostaining; (ii) neuronal cell death using H&E s ...
Fatty acid amide hydrolase expression in rat choroid plexus
... magnitude of the sleep-inducing effect of endogenously or exogenously derived oleamide. At present it is not known how or where oleamide is synthesised in mammals. Nor is it known how oleamide exerts its powerful sleep-inducing action [1]. Analysis of the effects of oleamide at the cellular level, h ...
... magnitude of the sleep-inducing effect of endogenously or exogenously derived oleamide. At present it is not known how or where oleamide is synthesised in mammals. Nor is it known how oleamide exerts its powerful sleep-inducing action [1]. Analysis of the effects of oleamide at the cellular level, h ...
Cortical projections to the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal
... The nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system (NOT-DTN) along with the dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN) have been shown to play a role in controlling slow eye movements and in maintaining stable vision during head movements. Both nuclei are known to rece ...
... The nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system (NOT-DTN) along with the dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN) have been shown to play a role in controlling slow eye movements and in maintaining stable vision during head movements. Both nuclei are known to rece ...
BasalGanglia
... 1st: loss of striatal GABA/enkephalin/D2-R neurons (indirect pathway) 2nd: loss of striatal GABA/dynorphin/D1-R neurons (direct pathway) & cortical atrophy ...
... 1st: loss of striatal GABA/enkephalin/D2-R neurons (indirect pathway) 2nd: loss of striatal GABA/dynorphin/D1-R neurons (direct pathway) & cortical atrophy ...
A unifying view of the basis of social cognition
... the activation of parts of the same cortical neural network that is active during its execution. The observer understands the action because he know its outcomes when he does it. Action understanding does not depend, according to this view, on the activation of visual representations (an activation ...
... the activation of parts of the same cortical neural network that is active during its execution. The observer understands the action because he know its outcomes when he does it. Action understanding does not depend, according to this view, on the activation of visual representations (an activation ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... Here we show that lateral horn neurons (LHNs) receive input from sparse and stereotyped combinations of glomeruli that are coactivated by odors, and certain combinations of glomeruli are over-represented. One morphological LHN type is broadly tuned and sums input from multiple glomeruli. These neuro ...
... Here we show that lateral horn neurons (LHNs) receive input from sparse and stereotyped combinations of glomeruli that are coactivated by odors, and certain combinations of glomeruli are over-represented. One morphological LHN type is broadly tuned and sums input from multiple glomeruli. These neuro ...
Rods Cones
... The RECEPTIVE FIELD: The functional unit of the retina Kuffler, S. W. (1953). Discharge patterns and functional organization of mammalian retina. Journal of Neurophysiology, 16, 37-68. This study represents the (perhaps) definitive approach to determining the “scheme” of convergence of photoreceptor ...
... The RECEPTIVE FIELD: The functional unit of the retina Kuffler, S. W. (1953). Discharge patterns and functional organization of mammalian retina. Journal of Neurophysiology, 16, 37-68. This study represents the (perhaps) definitive approach to determining the “scheme” of convergence of photoreceptor ...
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Potassium Currents in an
... Desai et al., 1999; Golowasch et al., 1999; Stemmler and Koch, 1999). These results suggest that cells do not maintain fixed conductance densities, but rather regulate their conductances to maintain a characteristic pattern of activity, and that they do so in an activity-dependent manner. The regula ...
... Desai et al., 1999; Golowasch et al., 1999; Stemmler and Koch, 1999). These results suggest that cells do not maintain fixed conductance densities, but rather regulate their conductances to maintain a characteristic pattern of activity, and that they do so in an activity-dependent manner. The regula ...
Drivers and modulators from push-pull and balanced synaptic input
... Abstract: In 1998, Sherman and Guillery proposed that there are two types of inputs to cortical neurons; drivers and modulators. These two forms of input are required to explain how, for example, sensory driven responses are controlled and modified by attention and other internally generated gating ...
... Abstract: In 1998, Sherman and Guillery proposed that there are two types of inputs to cortical neurons; drivers and modulators. These two forms of input are required to explain how, for example, sensory driven responses are controlled and modified by attention and other internally generated gating ...
Stem Cells may Beat Riluzole in Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral
... Page 2 of 3 Several studies have attempted to explain the role that glutamate, glutamate transporters, and astrocytes play in the development of ALS. Rothstein et al. [8] performed a study high-affinity sodium-dependent glutamate transport in individuals diagnosed with ALS, individuals with no healt ...
... Page 2 of 3 Several studies have attempted to explain the role that glutamate, glutamate transporters, and astrocytes play in the development of ALS. Rothstein et al. [8] performed a study high-affinity sodium-dependent glutamate transport in individuals diagnosed with ALS, individuals with no healt ...
The Octopus as a Possible Model for Invertebrate Consciousness
... This led to an “arms race” between predator and prey species in terms of innovations like faster (and more efficient) locomotion, armor, peptide mimicry of neuromodulatory signals, and other defenses, as well as refinements in vision. ...
... This led to an “arms race” between predator and prey species in terms of innovations like faster (and more efficient) locomotion, armor, peptide mimicry of neuromodulatory signals, and other defenses, as well as refinements in vision. ...
Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Nervous System
... Repolarization – the membrane returns to its resting membrane potential Hyperpolarization – the inside of the membrane becomes more negative than the resting potential ...
... Repolarization – the membrane returns to its resting membrane potential Hyperpolarization – the inside of the membrane becomes more negative than the resting potential ...
3680Lecture29 - U of L Class Index
... What are the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) • What neural processes are distinctly associated with consciousness? – That is still a pretty hard problem! ...
... What are the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) • What neural processes are distinctly associated with consciousness? – That is still a pretty hard problem! ...
Synaptic and extrasynaptic traces of long-term memory
... streams to gates in a digital computer, which are precisely known and can be combined to provide knowable output signals. The input streams to neurons come from sources largely unknown. In the higher animals, the specificity of cell adhesion molecules and other determinants of connectivity are only ...
... streams to gates in a digital computer, which are precisely known and can be combined to provide knowable output signals. The input streams to neurons come from sources largely unknown. In the higher animals, the specificity of cell adhesion molecules and other determinants of connectivity are only ...
Molecular and Cellular aspects of a Sacred Disease `Epilepsy`
... a seizure. A condition with recurrent seizures of neuronal origin refers to as epilepsy. Normal function of CNS depends on the initiation and transmission of excitatory impulse from one region to another. Most of the neurons in brain are excitatory and utilize glutamate as excitatory neurotransmitt ...
... a seizure. A condition with recurrent seizures of neuronal origin refers to as epilepsy. Normal function of CNS depends on the initiation and transmission of excitatory impulse from one region to another. Most of the neurons in brain are excitatory and utilize glutamate as excitatory neurotransmitt ...
relation between cell size and response characteristics of
... stainless steel wire and exposed to within 0.5 mm of their tips, with an interelectrode distance of 1.5 mm, were implanted into the ventral quadrant of the right spinal cord between L1 and Lz. Stimuli for the identification of vestibulospinal neurons consisted of single 0.2-msec rectangular pulses a ...
... stainless steel wire and exposed to within 0.5 mm of their tips, with an interelectrode distance of 1.5 mm, were implanted into the ventral quadrant of the right spinal cord between L1 and Lz. Stimuli for the identification of vestibulospinal neurons consisted of single 0.2-msec rectangular pulses a ...
Artificial Neuron Network Implementation of Boolean Logic Gates by
... Computers are great at solving algorithmic and mathematical problems, but often the world can't easily be defined with a mathematical algorithm. Facial recognition and language processing is a couple of examples of problems that can't easily be quantified into an algorithm; however these tasks are i ...
... Computers are great at solving algorithmic and mathematical problems, but often the world can't easily be defined with a mathematical algorithm. Facial recognition and language processing is a couple of examples of problems that can't easily be quantified into an algorithm; however these tasks are i ...
Neuroanatomy
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Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.