Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
Auto-structure of presynaptic activity defines postsynaptic firing
... A prior step in demonstrating that deviations from Poissonian firing can modulate the structure formation in recurrent networks based on neuronal plasticity like STDP, is to show first that different variations of non-Poissonian presynaptic activity impact the postsynaptic spiking activity of a neur ...
... A prior step in demonstrating that deviations from Poissonian firing can modulate the structure formation in recurrent networks based on neuronal plasticity like STDP, is to show first that different variations of non-Poissonian presynaptic activity impact the postsynaptic spiking activity of a neur ...
Glia-Derived D-Serine Controls NMDA Receptor Activity and
... at the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of NMDA receptors (NMDARs; Johnson and Ascher, 1987). D-serine is synthesized in astrocytes (Stevens et al., 2003; Wolosker et al., 1999) and is released by glutamate receptor stimulation through a calcium- and SNARE-dependent exocytotic pathway (Mothet et ...
... at the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of NMDA receptors (NMDARs; Johnson and Ascher, 1987). D-serine is synthesized in astrocytes (Stevens et al., 2003; Wolosker et al., 1999) and is released by glutamate receptor stimulation through a calcium- and SNARE-dependent exocytotic pathway (Mothet et ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... participate in a variety of tasks including signal transmission, localization of sound sources (Grothe et al. 2010) and determination of sound duration (Kopp-Scheinpflug et al. 2011). Since preservation of timing is important in these circuits, they exhibit various molecular and cellular features to ...
... participate in a variety of tasks including signal transmission, localization of sound sources (Grothe et al. 2010) and determination of sound duration (Kopp-Scheinpflug et al. 2011). Since preservation of timing is important in these circuits, they exhibit various molecular and cellular features to ...
Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics
... covers clinical, pharmacokinetic, biochemical and behavioural results presented in the literature from 1965 through 1992 (407 references) of piracetam, oxiracetam, pramiracetam, etiracetam, nefiracetam, aniracetam and rolziracetam and their structural analogues. The piracetam-like nootropics are cap ...
... covers clinical, pharmacokinetic, biochemical and behavioural results presented in the literature from 1965 through 1992 (407 references) of piracetam, oxiracetam, pramiracetam, etiracetam, nefiracetam, aniracetam and rolziracetam and their structural analogues. The piracetam-like nootropics are cap ...
The Biology of Mind - American International School
... ancient Greek philosopher Plato correctly located the mind in the spherical head—his idea of the perfect form. His student, Aristotle, believed the mind was in the heart, which pumps warmth and vitality to the body. The heart remains our symbol for love, but science has long since overtaken philosop ...
... ancient Greek philosopher Plato correctly located the mind in the spherical head—his idea of the perfect form. His student, Aristotle, believed the mind was in the heart, which pumps warmth and vitality to the body. The heart remains our symbol for love, but science has long since overtaken philosop ...
INTRAANALYZER CONDITIONED REFLEX PROPERTIES OF TWO
... CIH i n neuronal pairs without taking into account the class of the cells analyzed. As stated before, in some of the multineuronal records it was possible to identify three types of neurons according to the amplitude of spikes. The extent to which the defined classes of neurons participate in the in ...
... CIH i n neuronal pairs without taking into account the class of the cells analyzed. As stated before, in some of the multineuronal records it was possible to identify three types of neurons according to the amplitude of spikes. The extent to which the defined classes of neurons participate in the in ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
empathize with fictional characters
... message (Liberman et al. 1967; Liberman and Mattingly 1985; Liberman and Whalen 2000). Mirror neurons, active during both production and perception, seem to provide an excellent neural substrate of such common code. For example, human studies have demonstrated that premotor areas active while we spe ...
... message (Liberman et al. 1967; Liberman and Mattingly 1985; Liberman and Whalen 2000). Mirror neurons, active during both production and perception, seem to provide an excellent neural substrate of such common code. For example, human studies have demonstrated that premotor areas active while we spe ...
Neurotic Overview
... b. Gliosis: chronic proliferation of astrocyte processes glial scar, common in MS c. Cavitation: occurs w/ significant neuron/glia loss; cavity filled w/ interstitial fluid and lined by gliotic brain tissue d. Metabolic Astrocytosis (aka Alzheimers type 2): proliferation/enlargement of gray matter ...
... b. Gliosis: chronic proliferation of astrocyte processes glial scar, common in MS c. Cavitation: occurs w/ significant neuron/glia loss; cavity filled w/ interstitial fluid and lined by gliotic brain tissue d. Metabolic Astrocytosis (aka Alzheimers type 2): proliferation/enlargement of gray matter ...
Crossmodal and action-specific: neuroimaging the human mirror
... Box 2. Interpreting responses from neighbouring locations: a tale of heterogeneous populations In many brain regions, spatially neighbouring neurons show remarkably different response profiles. A classic example is orientation columns in macaque primary visual cortex (V1), where different columns sh ...
... Box 2. Interpreting responses from neighbouring locations: a tale of heterogeneous populations In many brain regions, spatially neighbouring neurons show remarkably different response profiles. A classic example is orientation columns in macaque primary visual cortex (V1), where different columns sh ...
Thalamus Notes
... activated by stimulation of cutaneous receptors. Area 2 is influenced by proprioceptors to a larger extent than area 3b, for example many neurons are most easily activated by bending of a joint. Within each of the cytoarchitectonic subdivisions it appears that the whole body has its representation; ...
... activated by stimulation of cutaneous receptors. Area 2 is influenced by proprioceptors to a larger extent than area 3b, for example many neurons are most easily activated by bending of a joint. Within each of the cytoarchitectonic subdivisions it appears that the whole body has its representation; ...
Biosensor - PharmaStreet
... These sensors are capable of detecting trace amounts of microorganism DNA by comparing it to a complementary strand of known DNA. By unwinding the target DNA strand, adding the DNA probe, and annealing the two strands , the probe will hydrolyze to the complementary sequence on the adjacent strand . ...
... These sensors are capable of detecting trace amounts of microorganism DNA by comparing it to a complementary strand of known DNA. By unwinding the target DNA strand, adding the DNA probe, and annealing the two strands , the probe will hydrolyze to the complementary sequence on the adjacent strand . ...
Mutations in sodium-channel gene SCN9A cause a spectrum of
... SCN9A, is located in peripheral neurons and plays an important role in action potential production in these cells. Recent genetic studies have identified Nav1.7 dysfunction in three different human pain disorders. Gain-of-function missense mutations in Nav1.7 have been shown to cause primary eryther ...
... SCN9A, is located in peripheral neurons and plays an important role in action potential production in these cells. Recent genetic studies have identified Nav1.7 dysfunction in three different human pain disorders. Gain-of-function missense mutations in Nav1.7 have been shown to cause primary eryther ...
Developmental biology 2008 Lecture 3
... Pax6 acts as a competence factor for lens induction The inductive signal from the optic vesicle is necessary, but not sufficient: Pax6 plays an important role in making the prospective lens ectoderm in which it is expressed competent to be induced by the optic vesicle to form the lens. The lens-ind ...
... Pax6 acts as a competence factor for lens induction The inductive signal from the optic vesicle is necessary, but not sufficient: Pax6 plays an important role in making the prospective lens ectoderm in which it is expressed competent to be induced by the optic vesicle to form the lens. The lens-ind ...
CONTROL OF FOOD INTAKE: NEUROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS S
... Energetic needs are continuous, they serve to supply metabolism at rest, and variable energy expenditures such as those depending on muscular activity and body temperature regulation, a crucial problem for mammals, which must maintain a stable body temperature even in severe climatic conditions. Foo ...
... Energetic needs are continuous, they serve to supply metabolism at rest, and variable energy expenditures such as those depending on muscular activity and body temperature regulation, a crucial problem for mammals, which must maintain a stable body temperature even in severe climatic conditions. Foo ...
Axon Guidance
... • A single cue can be attractive or repellent, depending on the growth cone response. • In developing limbs targeting of axons to dorsal vs ventral targets depends on neuronal expression of receptors and spatial expression of guidance cues. • At the midline, spatial and temporal regulation of exp ...
... • A single cue can be attractive or repellent, depending on the growth cone response. • In developing limbs targeting of axons to dorsal vs ventral targets depends on neuronal expression of receptors and spatial expression of guidance cues. • At the midline, spatial and temporal regulation of exp ...
Transient information flow in a network of excitatory and inhibitory
... states. The idea underlying those models is that the instantaneous state of the network provides a rich reservoir of non-linear spatio-temporal transformations of the inputs. In the framework of the liquid state machines, learning only acts on the readout structures, the network itself remaining fixe ...
... states. The idea underlying those models is that the instantaneous state of the network provides a rich reservoir of non-linear spatio-temporal transformations of the inputs. In the framework of the liquid state machines, learning only acts on the readout structures, the network itself remaining fixe ...
THE ROLE OF HYALURONIC ACID (HA) IN THE TREATMENT OF
... Regardless of how it is initiated, osteoarthritis is a cascading disease11: • Excess mechanical stress, traumatic injury, or other destabilizing events can initiate cartilage breakdown. Cartilage fragments are then released into the synovial fluid. • Cartilage debris is phagocytosed by synovial macr ...
... Regardless of how it is initiated, osteoarthritis is a cascading disease11: • Excess mechanical stress, traumatic injury, or other destabilizing events can initiate cartilage breakdown. Cartilage fragments are then released into the synovial fluid. • Cartilage debris is phagocytosed by synovial macr ...
GENETIC MECH.Epilepsy2005 - University of Colorado Denver
... between excitatory and inhibitory input, so any disturbance of this balance carries with it the possibility of uncontrolled hyperexcitability. Seizures can be induced either by the enhancement of excitatory stimuli or by impairment of inhibitory mechanisms. For example, inhibitory input can be distu ...
... between excitatory and inhibitory input, so any disturbance of this balance carries with it the possibility of uncontrolled hyperexcitability. Seizures can be induced either by the enhancement of excitatory stimuli or by impairment of inhibitory mechanisms. For example, inhibitory input can be distu ...
The caudal part of the frontal cortex is strongly involved - LIRA-Lab
... ventral premotor areas because of the strong visual input they receive from the inferior parietal lobule. These inputs subserve a series of visuomotor transformations for reaching (area F4, Fogassi et al., 1996) and grasping (area F5, Rizzolatti et al, 1988; Murata et al., 1997). In ...
... ventral premotor areas because of the strong visual input they receive from the inferior parietal lobule. These inputs subserve a series of visuomotor transformations for reaching (area F4, Fogassi et al., 1996) and grasping (area F5, Rizzolatti et al, 1988; Murata et al., 1997). In ...
video slide - Course
... – Electrical current flows directly from one cell to another via a gap junction ...
... – Electrical current flows directly from one cell to another via a gap junction ...
Parthenogenetic dopamine neurons from primate embryonic stem
... classes of TH+ neurons can be derived from ES cells, including forebrain neurons (Yan et al., 2005) and neural crest derivatives (Lee et al., 2007; Elkabetz et al., 2008). Some of these TH+ neurons produce DA but have different axonal connectivity and physiology from those in the midbrain substantia ...
... classes of TH+ neurons can be derived from ES cells, including forebrain neurons (Yan et al., 2005) and neural crest derivatives (Lee et al., 2007; Elkabetz et al., 2008). Some of these TH+ neurons produce DA but have different axonal connectivity and physiology from those in the midbrain substantia ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.