The Evolution of Difficult Childbirth and Helpless Hominin Infants
... scientific observation of wild bonobo birth was recently published, and not only was it attended by interested group mates, but it added one more data point to the long list of similar observations published by primatologists since the 1960s (Douglas 2014). Primate birth is a social event, regardless ...
... scientific observation of wild bonobo birth was recently published, and not only was it attended by interested group mates, but it added one more data point to the long list of similar observations published by primatologists since the 1960s (Douglas 2014). Primate birth is a social event, regardless ...
SYSTEMS OR SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND THEIR BEARING
... gestalt or an organized whole. For example, when one looks at a tree what one sees is a tree. Even though a tree consists of color, brightness and a form but when perceived by the mind all these components become a pattern, or a gestalt. The Gestaltists further claim that when the components of a t ...
... gestalt or an organized whole. For example, when one looks at a tree what one sees is a tree. Even though a tree consists of color, brightness and a form but when perceived by the mind all these components become a pattern, or a gestalt. The Gestaltists further claim that when the components of a t ...
FBA-BIP
... What the person does and the extent to which this represents a match or a mismatch between the person and the expectations placed on that person either overtly or subtly by his/her surroundings ...
... What the person does and the extent to which this represents a match or a mismatch between the person and the expectations placed on that person either overtly or subtly by his/her surroundings ...
Module 27 notes - Bremerton School District
... 1. Immediate Reinforcer: A reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior. A rat gets a food pellet for a bar press. 2. Delayed Reinforcer: A reinforcer that is delayed in time for a certain behavior. A paycheck that comes at the end of a week. We may be inclined to engage in small immediate rein ...
... 1. Immediate Reinforcer: A reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior. A rat gets a food pellet for a bar press. 2. Delayed Reinforcer: A reinforcer that is delayed in time for a certain behavior. A paycheck that comes at the end of a week. We may be inclined to engage in small immediate rein ...
Behaviorism
... "The present argument is this: mental life and the world in which it is lived are inventions. They have been invented on the analogy of external behavior occurring under external contingencies. Thinking is behavior. The mistake is in allocating the behavior to the mind.“ ...
... "The present argument is this: mental life and the world in which it is lived are inventions. They have been invented on the analogy of external behavior occurring under external contingencies. Thinking is behavior. The mistake is in allocating the behavior to the mind.“ ...
Chapter 7: Learning
... To be effective: Needs to be accompanied by specific info about behavior being punished; along with specific suggestions concerning more desirable behaviors Operant response rates remain highest when individuals anticipate that their behavior will actually lead to further reinforcement, illustrating ...
... To be effective: Needs to be accompanied by specific info about behavior being punished; along with specific suggestions concerning more desirable behaviors Operant response rates remain highest when individuals anticipate that their behavior will actually lead to further reinforcement, illustrating ...
Does evolution explain human nature?
... obvious that the roots of human behavior and cultural sophistication lie in the rich loam of our evolutionary past? We are but a hair’s breadth from our animal cousins. Such is evident in terms of their cognitive world (which many believe encompasses, at least in apes and some birds, a theory of min ...
... obvious that the roots of human behavior and cultural sophistication lie in the rich loam of our evolutionary past? We are but a hair’s breadth from our animal cousins. Such is evident in terms of their cognitive world (which many believe encompasses, at least in apes and some birds, a theory of min ...
Learning - Human Resourcefulness Consulting
... such as thinking, knowing, problem solving, remembering, and forming mental representations – Behaviorists such as Watson and Skinner believed that learning could be explained without reference to internal mental processes – Today, however, most psychologists stress the role of mental processes by b ...
... such as thinking, knowing, problem solving, remembering, and forming mental representations – Behaviorists such as Watson and Skinner believed that learning could be explained without reference to internal mental processes – Today, however, most psychologists stress the role of mental processes by b ...
General Psych Learning Classical Conditioning Pavlov
... the failure of a stimulus (light) to elicit a CR (salivation) when it is combined with a stimulus (bell) that already elicits the response (UCS is food) Size of stimulus is important Must be noticed to be conditioned Sensory systems expel irrelevant input ...
... the failure of a stimulus (light) to elicit a CR (salivation) when it is combined with a stimulus (bell) that already elicits the response (UCS is food) Size of stimulus is important Must be noticed to be conditioned Sensory systems expel irrelevant input ...
File
... • Aim: What are the different ways humans can learn to do things? • Do Now: How would you deal with the following scenario if you were a teacher? Let’s say kids just won’t go to class – they stand in the hall acting ridiculous all morning – what behavioral techniques could you use to stop that? ...
... • Aim: What are the different ways humans can learn to do things? • Do Now: How would you deal with the following scenario if you were a teacher? Let’s say kids just won’t go to class – they stand in the hall acting ridiculous all morning – what behavioral techniques could you use to stop that? ...
PSYC 305
... How to conceptualize basic schedule parameters: Is the re-inforcer contingent upon a response? • Yes: Ratio or Interval • No: Time Is it based on the number of responses? • Yes: Ratio • No: Interval Is its delivery predictable? • Yes: Fixed • No: Variable Shaping • To teach complex behaviors, may ne ...
... How to conceptualize basic schedule parameters: Is the re-inforcer contingent upon a response? • Yes: Ratio or Interval • No: Time Is it based on the number of responses? • Yes: Ratio • No: Interval Is its delivery predictable? • Yes: Fixed • No: Variable Shaping • To teach complex behaviors, may ne ...
instrumental conditioning
... Two of Thorndike’s puzzle boxes, A and I. In Box A, the participant had to pull a loop to release the door. In Box I, pressing down on a lever released a latch on the other side. (Left: Based on “Thorndike’s Puzzle Boxes and the Origins of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,” by P. Chance, 1999, ...
... Two of Thorndike’s puzzle boxes, A and I. In Box A, the participant had to pull a loop to release the door. In Box I, pressing down on a lever released a latch on the other side. (Left: Based on “Thorndike’s Puzzle Boxes and the Origins of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,” by P. Chance, 1999, ...
Affective Models - Cognitive Systems Lab
... Emotions, Attitudes and Self concept Drives and needs (e.g. Maslow’s pyramid) Arousal (e.g. Yerkes-Dodson) and probability of success (e.g. Brehm) Cognitive dissonance (Festinger) ...
... Emotions, Attitudes and Self concept Drives and needs (e.g. Maslow’s pyramid) Arousal (e.g. Yerkes-Dodson) and probability of success (e.g. Brehm) Cognitive dissonance (Festinger) ...
UNIT 6: Learning - Spokane Public Schools
... o Operant: association creatwed between organisms behavior and its consequences, typically within organism’s control, relevant behavior is voluntary, operating on environment Thorndike’s puzzle box o Thorndike put cats in a box where they had to push a lever in order to escape o Learn the law of e ...
... o Operant: association creatwed between organisms behavior and its consequences, typically within organism’s control, relevant behavior is voluntary, operating on environment Thorndike’s puzzle box o Thorndike put cats in a box where they had to push a lever in order to escape o Learn the law of e ...
Do Stimuli Elicit Behavior?—A Study in the Logical Foundations of
... mean certain attributes of things, although we sometimes also apply the term to individual objects. In like manner, we need to determine what logical kind of an entity may correctly be said to elicit behavior, or to increase the likelihood of the occurrence of a certain response. We no longer need s ...
... mean certain attributes of things, although we sometimes also apply the term to individual objects. In like manner, we need to determine what logical kind of an entity may correctly be said to elicit behavior, or to increase the likelihood of the occurrence of a certain response. We no longer need s ...
Behavioral modernity
Behavioral modernity is a suite of behavioral and cognitive traits that distinguishes current Homo sapiens from anatomically modern humans, hominins, and other primates. Although often debated, most scholars agree that modern human behavior can be characterized by abstract thinking, planning depth, symbolic behavior (e.g. art, ornamentation, music), exploitation of large game, blade technology, among others. Underlying these behaviors and technological innovations are cognitive and cultural foundations that have been documented experimentally and ethnographically. Some of these human universal patterns are cumulative cultural adaptation, social norms, language, cooperative breeding, and extensive help and cooperation beyond close kin. These traits have been viewed as largely responsible for the human replacement of Neanderthals in Western Europe, along with the climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum, and the peopling of the rest of the world.Arising from differences in the archaeological record, a debate continues as to whether anatomically modern humans were behaviorally modern as well. There are many theories on the evolution of behavioral modernity. These generally fall into two camps: gradualist and cognitive approaches. The Later Upper Paleolithic Model refers to the idea that modern human behavior arose through cognitive, genetic changes abruptly around 40–50,000 years ago. Other models focus on how modern human behavior may have arisen through gradual steps; the archaeological signatures of such behavior only appearing through demographic or subsistence-based changes.