DISSOCIATION OF TARGET SELECTION AND SACCADE
... "[Since] we cannot break up the reaction into successive acts and obtain the time of each act, of what use is the reaction time?" – R.S. Woodworth (1938) in Experimental Psychology [quoted in Luce (1986)] It is possible now to determine the duration of intermediate stages with invasive measures of n ...
... "[Since] we cannot break up the reaction into successive acts and obtain the time of each act, of what use is the reaction time?" – R.S. Woodworth (1938) in Experimental Psychology [quoted in Luce (1986)] It is possible now to determine the duration of intermediate stages with invasive measures of n ...
the autonomic nervous system
... 5. The availability of energy sources increases. Skeletal muscle cells and liver cell (hepatocytes) are stimulated to break down glucose. Skeletal muscle cells use the glucose and liver cells release it into the blood, which are used as a energy source by skeletal and cardiac muscle. 6. As exercisin ...
... 5. The availability of energy sources increases. Skeletal muscle cells and liver cell (hepatocytes) are stimulated to break down glucose. Skeletal muscle cells use the glucose and liver cells release it into the blood, which are used as a energy source by skeletal and cardiac muscle. 6. As exercisin ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... the soma, the cell body of the neuron. This brief electric pulse (1 or 2ms duration) then travels along the neuron’s axon, that in turn is linked up to the receiving end of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, left view). At the end of the axon, synapses connect one neuron to another, and at ...
... the soma, the cell body of the neuron. This brief electric pulse (1 or 2ms duration) then travels along the neuron’s axon, that in turn is linked up to the receiving end of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, left view). At the end of the axon, synapses connect one neuron to another, and at ...
INTRAANALYZER CONDITIONED REFLEX PROPERTIES OF TWO
... of a signal stimulus. Interconnected activity was intensified between closely spaced neurons and those spaced a t tens and hundreds of microns. However, the development of conditioned inhibition was marked by a n especially high level in the interaction of closely spaced neurons and a considerable ...
... of a signal stimulus. Interconnected activity was intensified between closely spaced neurons and those spaced a t tens and hundreds of microns. However, the development of conditioned inhibition was marked by a n especially high level in the interaction of closely spaced neurons and a considerable ...
44 Nociceptive sensation. Somatic sensory analyzer
... -Projecting neurons in lamina I receive A-delta and C fibers info. -Neurons in lamina II receive input from C fibers and relay it to other laminae. -Projecting neurons in lamina V (wide-dynamic range neurons) receive A-delta, C and A-beta (low threshold mechanoceptors) fibers information. How is pai ...
... -Projecting neurons in lamina I receive A-delta and C fibers info. -Neurons in lamina II receive input from C fibers and relay it to other laminae. -Projecting neurons in lamina V (wide-dynamic range neurons) receive A-delta, C and A-beta (low threshold mechanoceptors) fibers information. How is pai ...
Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... lateral connectivity of the cortex is not explicitly taken into account. Such models do not explicitly replicate the activity dynamics of the visual cortex, and therefore can make only limited predictions about interactions between receptive elds and cortical function. Recent experiments have shown ...
... lateral connectivity of the cortex is not explicitly taken into account. Such models do not explicitly replicate the activity dynamics of the visual cortex, and therefore can make only limited predictions about interactions between receptive elds and cortical function. Recent experiments have shown ...
attention - CMU Graphics
... Brain hard-wired to respond “preferentially” to highest contrast stimulus High contrast (without attention) or attention to a stimulus suppresses other stimuli ...
... Brain hard-wired to respond “preferentially” to highest contrast stimulus High contrast (without attention) or attention to a stimulus suppresses other stimuli ...
human medial temporal lobe Selectivity of pyramidal cells and
... comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. For comparisons between groups, we used the Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis for multiple comparisons. Differences with P ⱕ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS ...
... comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. For comparisons between groups, we used the Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis for multiple comparisons. Differences with P ⱕ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS ...
Cortical Neurons and Circuits: A Tutorial
... The neocortex is that part of the brain which makes up the outer 2 to 4 mm of the cerebral hemispheres. It is the ‘gray matter’ of the brain lying atop the cerebral ‘white matter’ composed of myelinated axons that interconnect different regions of the brain. All the higher-level psychophysical funct ...
... The neocortex is that part of the brain which makes up the outer 2 to 4 mm of the cerebral hemispheres. It is the ‘gray matter’ of the brain lying atop the cerebral ‘white matter’ composed of myelinated axons that interconnect different regions of the brain. All the higher-level psychophysical funct ...
Cortical Neurons and Circuits: A Tutorial
... The neocortex is that part of the brain which makes up the outer 2 to 4 mm of the cerebral hemispheres. It is the ‘gray matter’ of the brain lying atop the cerebral ‘white matter’ composed of myelinated axons that interconnect different regions of the brain. All the higher-level psychophysical funct ...
... The neocortex is that part of the brain which makes up the outer 2 to 4 mm of the cerebral hemispheres. It is the ‘gray matter’ of the brain lying atop the cerebral ‘white matter’ composed of myelinated axons that interconnect different regions of the brain. All the higher-level psychophysical funct ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... interval (ISI) histograms were generated for all units that were recorded simultaneously with at least three other units. Given that cortical neurons can rarely fire at instantaneous rates of .500 Hz (primarily because of their absolute refractory period), ISI histograms should not show a significan ...
... interval (ISI) histograms were generated for all units that were recorded simultaneously with at least three other units. Given that cortical neurons can rarely fire at instantaneous rates of .500 Hz (primarily because of their absolute refractory period), ISI histograms should not show a significan ...
Chapter 8
... Axons: undergo action potentials to deliver information, typically neurotransmitters, from the axon terminals. ...
... Axons: undergo action potentials to deliver information, typically neurotransmitters, from the axon terminals. ...
CATEGORIES IN THE PIGEON BRAIN - Ruhr-Universität
... peri-peck time histograms for peaks of spiking activity near time point 0. Materials, recording, and spike sorting procedure have been described in greater detail by Starosta et al. (2013, 2014). Data Analysis To analyze our data, we used custom-written Matlab code. For each pigeon, we constructed a ...
... peri-peck time histograms for peaks of spiking activity near time point 0. Materials, recording, and spike sorting procedure have been described in greater detail by Starosta et al. (2013, 2014). Data Analysis To analyze our data, we used custom-written Matlab code. For each pigeon, we constructed a ...
Lentivirus-based genetic manipulations of cortical neurons and their
... onset of the genetic manipulation and the cell type that is affected (1–3). However, even the most specific genetic designs affect entire populations of neurons, typically in multiple brain regions. The current transgenic兾knockout technologies thus do not allow targeting of small neuronal networks o ...
... onset of the genetic manipulation and the cell type that is affected (1–3). However, even the most specific genetic designs affect entire populations of neurons, typically in multiple brain regions. The current transgenic兾knockout technologies thus do not allow targeting of small neuronal networks o ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... Ongoing spontaneous activity in cortical circuits defines cortical states, but it still remains unclear how cortical states shape sensory processing across cortical laminae and what type of response properties emerge in the cortex. Recording neural activity from the auditory cortex (AC) and medial g ...
... Ongoing spontaneous activity in cortical circuits defines cortical states, but it still remains unclear how cortical states shape sensory processing across cortical laminae and what type of response properties emerge in the cortex. Recording neural activity from the auditory cortex (AC) and medial g ...
Neurons and Glia
... arteries and veins of the circulatory system. According to this reticular theory, the brain is an exception to the cell theory, which statesthar the individual cell is the elementary functional unit of all animal tissues. Cajal, on the other hand, argued forcefully that the neurites of different neu ...
... arteries and veins of the circulatory system. According to this reticular theory, the brain is an exception to the cell theory, which statesthar the individual cell is the elementary functional unit of all animal tissues. Cajal, on the other hand, argued forcefully that the neurites of different neu ...
Complexity in Neuronal Networks
... molluscan invertebrate revealed that isolated neurons could generate oscillatory bursts of action potentials and it soon became clear that individual neurons from all species display a large variety of intrinsic membrane potential patterns such as bursting, plateaux, post-inhibitory rebound, and spi ...
... molluscan invertebrate revealed that isolated neurons could generate oscillatory bursts of action potentials and it soon became clear that individual neurons from all species display a large variety of intrinsic membrane potential patterns such as bursting, plateaux, post-inhibitory rebound, and spi ...
Faithful Expression of Multiple Proteins via 2A
... and Malinow, 2004). Paired-pulse ratios were obtained at a 50 ms interval. Light-evoked responses were measured using K-gluconate internal solution. For some experiments, a light- ...
... and Malinow, 2004). Paired-pulse ratios were obtained at a 50 ms interval. Light-evoked responses were measured using K-gluconate internal solution. For some experiments, a light- ...
Introduction to Psychology - Shoreline School District
... Reflex a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus Brain Sensory neuron (incoming information) ...
... Reflex a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus Brain Sensory neuron (incoming information) ...
Motor System: Reflexes, Pyramidal Tract and Basal Ganglia
... inhibitory interneurons in ventral horn, which project across midline to activate or inhibit interneurons, resulting in activation of extensor and inhibition of flexor motor neurons ...
... inhibitory interneurons in ventral horn, which project across midline to activate or inhibit interneurons, resulting in activation of extensor and inhibition of flexor motor neurons ...
neural_networks
... Triggering of a postsynaptic neuron: neuronal decision-making is a voting system Each presynaptic input neuron casts its vote for the firing of the postsynaptic neuron, either by firing its own action potential or by not firing. The postsynaptic neuron tallies the votes over the set of inputs—a ‘no ...
... Triggering of a postsynaptic neuron: neuronal decision-making is a voting system Each presynaptic input neuron casts its vote for the firing of the postsynaptic neuron, either by firing its own action potential or by not firing. The postsynaptic neuron tallies the votes over the set of inputs—a ‘no ...
Membrane Properties Underlying the Firing of Neurons in the Avian
... Individual cells were visualized using a 40 x water-immersion lens and Nomarski optics. The electrode was guided onto the cell soma while applying positive pressure to prevent clogging. Upon contact with the cell, negative pressure was applied until a tight seal (> 1 GB) was formed. Further negative ...
... Individual cells were visualized using a 40 x water-immersion lens and Nomarski optics. The electrode was guided onto the cell soma while applying positive pressure to prevent clogging. Upon contact with the cell, negative pressure was applied until a tight seal (> 1 GB) was formed. Further negative ...
gentle - University of Toronto
... • We need to fit about 10^14 connection weights in only about 10^9 seconds. – Unless the weights are highly redundant, labels cannot possibly provide enough information. • The learning time does not scale well – It is very slow in networks with more than two or three hidden layers. • The neurons nee ...
... • We need to fit about 10^14 connection weights in only about 10^9 seconds. – Unless the weights are highly redundant, labels cannot possibly provide enough information. • The learning time does not scale well – It is very slow in networks with more than two or three hidden layers. • The neurons nee ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... deg 3 11.5 deg at a viewing distance of 114 cm, had a mean luminance of approximately 50 cd0m 2, and a frame rate of 120 Hz. The display nonlinearity was corrected using a lookup table. Contrast of visual stimuli was specified by Michelson contrast ~L max 2 L min )0~L max 1 L min ). A neuron’s polar ...
... deg 3 11.5 deg at a viewing distance of 114 cm, had a mean luminance of approximately 50 cd0m 2, and a frame rate of 120 Hz. The display nonlinearity was corrected using a lookup table. Contrast of visual stimuli was specified by Michelson contrast ~L max 2 L min )0~L max 1 L min ). A neuron’s polar ...