Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... reaches area V1. To compensate for this latency, we define the RF boundary marked with a * as the average of these two locations, (On0 þ Off180)/2. The other three RF boundaries are determined in the same way (not shown). We routinely repeat this measurement with four directions that differ by 45# ( ...
... reaches area V1. To compensate for this latency, we define the RF boundary marked with a * as the average of these two locations, (On0 þ Off180)/2. The other three RF boundaries are determined in the same way (not shown). We routinely repeat this measurement with four directions that differ by 45# ( ...
PDF - Center for Theoretical Neuroscience
... situation is a model that retains the essential features of a full, realistic model, but is as simple as possible. Over the years a number of simplified neuron models have been used for simulations of neurons and neural net? works. However, in most cases, these sim? plified models have been ad hoc, ...
... situation is a model that retains the essential features of a full, realistic model, but is as simple as possible. Over the years a number of simplified neuron models have been used for simulations of neurons and neural net? works. However, in most cases, these sim? plified models have been ad hoc, ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... repeatedly demonstrated in multiple species (Kostovic and Rakic, 1980; Sandell, 1986; Chun and Shatz, 1989; Yan et al., 1996; Clancy et al., 2001; Jovanov-Milosevic et al., 2009; Suarez-Sola et al., 2009). Recent experiments have shown that at least some of these send long-distance connections into ...
... repeatedly demonstrated in multiple species (Kostovic and Rakic, 1980; Sandell, 1986; Chun and Shatz, 1989; Yan et al., 1996; Clancy et al., 2001; Jovanov-Milosevic et al., 2009; Suarez-Sola et al., 2009). Recent experiments have shown that at least some of these send long-distance connections into ...
EEG Alpha Oscillations The inhibition
... Alpha phase controls cortical excitability • Varela’s experiment: – Subjects were asked to judge whether the two (shortly displayed) stimuli are simultaneous or moving – It takes 50ms (due to peripheral transmission time) for a visual stimulus to be processed at the cortex – The stimuli which are ...
... Alpha phase controls cortical excitability • Varela’s experiment: – Subjects were asked to judge whether the two (shortly displayed) stimuli are simultaneous or moving – It takes 50ms (due to peripheral transmission time) for a visual stimulus to be processed at the cortex – The stimuli which are ...
Visual pathway class..
... • We do not have a descriptive or mechanistic model that predicts response properties of downstream visual areas, or behavior. • A descriptive model would vastly transform technology: the primate visual system is far superior to anything that engineers can build. • A mechanistic model is the ultimat ...
... • We do not have a descriptive or mechanistic model that predicts response properties of downstream visual areas, or behavior. • A descriptive model would vastly transform technology: the primate visual system is far superior to anything that engineers can build. • A mechanistic model is the ultimat ...
Probing neural circuits in the zebrafish: a suite of optical techniques
... methodologies and has yielded substantial new information about neurons that had been described anatomically 20 years ago, but for which there were no published physiological data. The simplest type of imaging experiment is a ‘‘framescan,’’ where a series of small 2D images are acquired. Depending o ...
... methodologies and has yielded substantial new information about neurons that had been described anatomically 20 years ago, but for which there were no published physiological data. The simplest type of imaging experiment is a ‘‘framescan,’’ where a series of small 2D images are acquired. Depending o ...
“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory
... the responses of opposite neurons hardly vary when a single cue is replaced by two congruent cues (i.e., no cue integration behavior), whereas their responses increase significantly when the disparity between visual and vestibular cues increases [11], indicating that opposite neurons may serve to ex ...
... the responses of opposite neurons hardly vary when a single cue is replaced by two congruent cues (i.e., no cue integration behavior), whereas their responses increase significantly when the disparity between visual and vestibular cues increases [11], indicating that opposite neurons may serve to ex ...
Differential Temporal Storage Capacity in the Baseline Activity of
... Neurons in visuomotor areas such as FEF or the lateral intraparietal area often exhibit sustained activation in the absence of visual stimulation, such as in memory-guided saccade tasks (e.g., Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 2000; Lawrence et al. 2005; Thompson et al. 2005). Conversely, neurons in V4 and o ...
... Neurons in visuomotor areas such as FEF or the lateral intraparietal area often exhibit sustained activation in the absence of visual stimulation, such as in memory-guided saccade tasks (e.g., Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 2000; Lawrence et al. 2005; Thompson et al. 2005). Conversely, neurons in V4 and o ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... prediction-correction mechanism along the hierarchy of the visual system. Accordingly, each higher visual area (say V2) attempt to predict response at its lower area (say V1) on the basis of the learned statistical regularities, and send that prediction signal to the lower area by feedback connectio ...
... prediction-correction mechanism along the hierarchy of the visual system. Accordingly, each higher visual area (say V2) attempt to predict response at its lower area (say V1) on the basis of the learned statistical regularities, and send that prediction signal to the lower area by feedback connectio ...
make motor neuron posters now
... the membrane is more permeable to Na+ B. ATP is used to pump Na+ and K+ (further charge separation) ...
... the membrane is more permeable to Na+ B. ATP is used to pump Na+ and K+ (further charge separation) ...
Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
... term in the GL M (a total of six contrasts). We thresholded these summary statistical maps at p ⬍ 0.001 (uncorrected for multiple com- ...
... term in the GL M (a total of six contrasts). We thresholded these summary statistical maps at p ⬍ 0.001 (uncorrected for multiple com- ...
motor systems
... Control of voluntary movement involves much of the cerebral cortex anterior to the central sulcus. In addition to the classically described primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA), a number of separately identifiable motor areas are found in the premotor cortex anterior to M1 an ...
... Control of voluntary movement involves much of the cerebral cortex anterior to the central sulcus. In addition to the classically described primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA), a number of separately identifiable motor areas are found in the premotor cortex anterior to M1 an ...
Associative memory with spatiotemporal chaos control
... systems @1,2#, and chaos seems to be essential in such systems. Even in high life forms, such as in the operations of the neurons in the human brain, it is recognized that there exists a certain chaotic dynamics in the networks. The question naturally arises whether such chaotic dynamics plays a fun ...
... systems @1,2#, and chaos seems to be essential in such systems. Even in high life forms, such as in the operations of the neurons in the human brain, it is recognized that there exists a certain chaotic dynamics in the networks. The question naturally arises whether such chaotic dynamics plays a fun ...
Auditory Cortical Neurons are Sensitive to Static and Continuously
... 1. The interaural-phase-difference (IPD) sensitivity of single neurons in the primary auditory (AI) cortex of the anesthetized cat was studied at stimulus frequencies ranging from 120 to 2,500 Hz. Best frequencies of the 43 AI cells sensitive to IPD ranged from 190 to 2,400 Hz. 2. A static IPD was p ...
... 1. The interaural-phase-difference (IPD) sensitivity of single neurons in the primary auditory (AI) cortex of the anesthetized cat was studied at stimulus frequencies ranging from 120 to 2,500 Hz. Best frequencies of the 43 AI cells sensitive to IPD ranged from 190 to 2,400 Hz. 2. A static IPD was p ...
Likelihood approaches to sensory coding in auditory cortex
... systematic variance of the response. The modelled results (full red line) are seen to capture the increase in first-spike latency, averaged across directions, as a function of decreasing intensity. The nonlinear dependence on η was introduced in order to modulate the width parameter κ of the spheric ...
... systematic variance of the response. The modelled results (full red line) are seen to capture the increase in first-spike latency, averaged across directions, as a function of decreasing intensity. The nonlinear dependence on η was introduced in order to modulate the width parameter κ of the spheric ...
Conditioning: Simple Neural Circuits in the Honeybee
... Since the CSþ-specific responses – as recorded intracellularly from isolated bee heads – were lost after a few minutes, it was initially concluded that PE1 may be related to short-term memory. However, recent extracellular recordings from the intact animal lasting many hours have shown that the CSþ- ...
... Since the CSþ-specific responses – as recorded intracellularly from isolated bee heads – were lost after a few minutes, it was initially concluded that PE1 may be related to short-term memory. However, recent extracellular recordings from the intact animal lasting many hours have shown that the CSþ- ...
Is neuroimaging measuring information in the brain? | SpringerLink
... signal and noise) and a receiver. The focus of Shannon’s formulation was on the signal and noise of the channel, but he made it clear that whatever was sent over the channel would need to be decoded by a receiver. Thus, in Shannon’s formulation, the quantification of information over a channel was c ...
... signal and noise) and a receiver. The focus of Shannon’s formulation was on the signal and noise of the channel, but he made it clear that whatever was sent over the channel would need to be decoded by a receiver. Thus, in Shannon’s formulation, the quantification of information over a channel was c ...
The Nervous System
... • If VM reaches threshold, Na+ channels open and Na+ influx ensues, depolarizing the cell and causing the VM to increase. This is the rising phase of an AP. • Eventually, the Na+ channel will have inactivated and the K+ channels will be open. Now, K+ effluxes and repolarization occurs. This is the f ...
... • If VM reaches threshold, Na+ channels open and Na+ influx ensues, depolarizing the cell and causing the VM to increase. This is the rising phase of an AP. • Eventually, the Na+ channel will have inactivated and the K+ channels will be open. Now, K+ effluxes and repolarization occurs. This is the f ...
The Functional Organization of the Barrel Cortex
... • ‘‘whisking in air,’’- a low level of spiking activity in the sensory neurons. • phase-locked signals could form the basis of a map of positional information ...
... • ‘‘whisking in air,’’- a low level of spiking activity in the sensory neurons. • phase-locked signals could form the basis of a map of positional information ...
Unit 12 ~ Learning Guide Name
... = interneurons connect sensory neurons to motor neurons within the central nervous system and provide a site for signal integration 5. Identify the similarities and differences between the sensory neuron and motor neuron. (2 marks) = sensory neurons and motor neurons both have myelinated axons and t ...
... = interneurons connect sensory neurons to motor neurons within the central nervous system and provide a site for signal integration 5. Identify the similarities and differences between the sensory neuron and motor neuron. (2 marks) = sensory neurons and motor neurons both have myelinated axons and t ...
a remnant chloroplast, with an References
... many mirror neurons also respond to the sound of actions (for example, the breaking of a peanut). Such sounds, however, are emitted by the object, and reflect what is being done without containing explicit information about how it has been done: was it broken by two hands or by the mouth? The fact t ...
... many mirror neurons also respond to the sound of actions (for example, the breaking of a peanut). Such sounds, however, are emitted by the object, and reflect what is being done without containing explicit information about how it has been done: was it broken by two hands or by the mouth? The fact t ...
Spinal cord 1
... myelinated and unmyelinated fibers with which the substantia gelatinosa deals. The body of the posterior horn consists mainly of interneurons and projection neurons that transmit various types of somatic and visceral sensory information ...
... myelinated and unmyelinated fibers with which the substantia gelatinosa deals. The body of the posterior horn consists mainly of interneurons and projection neurons that transmit various types of somatic and visceral sensory information ...