Anatomy of the Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar) Division
... running parallel to the spinal cord. These connecting branches may be referred to as interganglionic rami (ramus = branch). Together with the ganglia, they form the sympathetic trunk on either side (bilateral) of the vertebral column. Its cephalic end continues into the skull through the carotid can ...
... running parallel to the spinal cord. These connecting branches may be referred to as interganglionic rami (ramus = branch). Together with the ganglia, they form the sympathetic trunk on either side (bilateral) of the vertebral column. Its cephalic end continues into the skull through the carotid can ...
Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic
... (CED, Cambridge, UK). Waveforms were sorted to extract activity of a single neuron using automated template-matching followed by cluster analysis. The spike sort during each DBS trial was verified on a spike-by-spike basis to ensure accurate detection of the action potential of interest. Of 58 neuro ...
... (CED, Cambridge, UK). Waveforms were sorted to extract activity of a single neuron using automated template-matching followed by cluster analysis. The spike sort during each DBS trial was verified on a spike-by-spike basis to ensure accurate detection of the action potential of interest. Of 58 neuro ...
Neural Network
... developed neural networks that could as memories Self-organizing networks (Grossberg) ...
... developed neural networks that could as memories Self-organizing networks (Grossberg) ...
Copy of the full paper
... larger and more complex circuits in higher animals and humans? (1) Alterations in circuit function are often achieved by modifications of both intrinsic and synaptic properties. For example, in the pyloric rhythm of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion, the neuromodulator dopamine influences the stre ...
... larger and more complex circuits in higher animals and humans? (1) Alterations in circuit function are often achieved by modifications of both intrinsic and synaptic properties. For example, in the pyloric rhythm of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion, the neuromodulator dopamine influences the stre ...
Auditory Nerve Stochasticity Impedes Category Learning: the Role
... and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated using one excitatory cell as an example: E→I connection is shown in black, I→E connecti ...
... and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated using one excitatory cell as an example: E→I connection is shown in black, I→E connecti ...
Physiology of the mormyrid ELL - Journal of Experimental Biology
... including medium ganglion (MG) cells. Large ganglion (LG) cells and large fusiform (LF) cells were recorded in the ganglionic cell layer and in the plexiform or granule layers, respectively (Grant et al., 1996; Meek et al., 1996; Han et al., 1999). The efferent axons of the LG cells and the LF cells ...
... including medium ganglion (MG) cells. Large ganglion (LG) cells and large fusiform (LF) cells were recorded in the ganglionic cell layer and in the plexiform or granule layers, respectively (Grant et al., 1996; Meek et al., 1996; Han et al., 1999). The efferent axons of the LG cells and the LF cells ...
The Nervous System: Neural Tissue
... • The axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron (axodendritic) • The axon of one neuron and the soma of another neuron (axosomic) • The axon of one neuron and the axon of another neuron (axoaxonic) • The axon of a neuron and a muscle ...
... • The axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron (axodendritic) • The axon of one neuron and the soma of another neuron (axosomic) • The axon of one neuron and the axon of another neuron (axoaxonic) • The axon of a neuron and a muscle ...
Neurons - Cloudfront.net
... Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump, using ATP, restores the ...
... Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump, using ATP, restores the ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
1 How the Nervous System Works
... synapse between the axon tip of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. Notice that a small gap separates these two structures. For a nerve impulse to be carried along at a synapse, it must cross the gap between the axon and the next structure. The axon tips release chemicals that carry the i ...
... synapse between the axon tip of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. Notice that a small gap separates these two structures. For a nerve impulse to be carried along at a synapse, it must cross the gap between the axon and the next structure. The axon tips release chemicals that carry the i ...
On the nature of the BOLD fMRI contrast mechanism
... and the single-electrode single-unit recording technique still remains the method of choice in many behavioral experiments with conscious animals. However, it also has the drawback of providing information mainly on single RFs, with no access to subthreshold integrative processes or to the associati ...
... and the single-electrode single-unit recording technique still remains the method of choice in many behavioral experiments with conscious animals. However, it also has the drawback of providing information mainly on single RFs, with no access to subthreshold integrative processes or to the associati ...
PDF
... The molecular basis of mammalian neocortical development is being defined in animal models, particularly in the mouse. Analysis of the reeler mouse, a spontaneous mutant with ataxia and tremors (1) and widespread defects in cortical brain structures (2–4) has been particularly informative. The reele ...
... The molecular basis of mammalian neocortical development is being defined in animal models, particularly in the mouse. Analysis of the reeler mouse, a spontaneous mutant with ataxia and tremors (1) and widespread defects in cortical brain structures (2–4) has been particularly informative. The reele ...
Center-Surround Interactions in the Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... random dots. It was attempted to resolve single units approximately every 100 m to obtain adequate spatial sampling. In situations where this was not possible, multi-unit activity was recorded. Once the location of the receptive field was found, its borders were mapped with a light bar using the mi ...
... random dots. It was attempted to resolve single units approximately every 100 m to obtain adequate spatial sampling. In situations where this was not possible, multi-unit activity was recorded. Once the location of the receptive field was found, its borders were mapped with a light bar using the mi ...
Evolution of Time-Coding Systems in Weakly Electric Fishes
... form and mormyrid fishes (Bastian, 1976; Bell, 1990). These which males produce longer pulses during sexual maturaafferents fire a single action potential in response to each tion. In all electric fishes, longer pulses are energetically EOD. As will be shown in later sections, these time-coding cost ...
... form and mormyrid fishes (Bastian, 1976; Bell, 1990). These which males produce longer pulses during sexual maturaafferents fire a single action potential in response to each tion. In all electric fishes, longer pulses are energetically EOD. As will be shown in later sections, these time-coding cost ...
hypothalamic neuroanatomy and limbic inputs
... are widely dispersed in the anterior hypothalamus, medial preoptic area, and ARC, whereas in rodent species, GnRH cell bodies are restricted to the rostral hypothalamus and medial preoptic area [Figs. 1-4B and 1-5]). The hypothalamus receives input from many regions of the brain. Ascending noradrene ...
... are widely dispersed in the anterior hypothalamus, medial preoptic area, and ARC, whereas in rodent species, GnRH cell bodies are restricted to the rostral hypothalamus and medial preoptic area [Figs. 1-4B and 1-5]). The hypothalamus receives input from many regions of the brain. Ascending noradrene ...
INTRODUCTION - Faculty & Staff Webpages
... • Operation of the ANS to maintain homeostasis, however, depends on a continual flow of sensory afferent input, from receptors in organs, and efferent motor output to the same effector organs. • Structurally, the ANS includes autonomic sensory neurons, integrating centers in the CNS, and autonomic m ...
... • Operation of the ANS to maintain homeostasis, however, depends on a continual flow of sensory afferent input, from receptors in organs, and efferent motor output to the same effector organs. • Structurally, the ANS includes autonomic sensory neurons, integrating centers in the CNS, and autonomic m ...
Gaze direction controls response gain in primary visual
... direction also affected visually responsive cells that were nonstimulus selective, constituting 21% of disparity- and 9% of orientation-tested cells, in a similar way. Spontaneous activity was found to be modulated in only 11% of cases, with no correlation with the modulation on visual response. Var ...
... direction also affected visually responsive cells that were nonstimulus selective, constituting 21% of disparity- and 9% of orientation-tested cells, in a similar way. Spontaneous activity was found to be modulated in only 11% of cases, with no correlation with the modulation on visual response. Var ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
Nervous System Organization
... nervous system 2) There are more neurons in the brain then there are stars in the Milky Way galaxy 3) The left side of the body is controlled by the right side of the brain and vice-versa 4) The brain reaches maturity at around 25 years of age. The endocrine system also controls and regulates some b ...
... nervous system 2) There are more neurons in the brain then there are stars in the Milky Way galaxy 3) The left side of the body is controlled by the right side of the brain and vice-versa 4) The brain reaches maturity at around 25 years of age. The endocrine system also controls and regulates some b ...
Ariel Sarver - the IDeA Lab!
... The widely observed inability of autistic children to understand metaphors and their lack of imagination in playing and understanding intentions may also be traced to a dysfunctional mirror neuron system. As evinced by the bouba/kiki effect, discovered by Wolfgang Kohler, children with autism have ...
... The widely observed inability of autistic children to understand metaphors and their lack of imagination in playing and understanding intentions may also be traced to a dysfunctional mirror neuron system. As evinced by the bouba/kiki effect, discovered by Wolfgang Kohler, children with autism have ...
Supplementary Information - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... with respect to the connectivity pattern and number of cortical connections. In these new networks, the full set of cortical connections is present (EÆE, EÆI, IÆE, IÆI) and the number of connections is chosen to be identical to that used in the sharpening model (40 excitatory and 30 inhibitory synap ...
... with respect to the connectivity pattern and number of cortical connections. In these new networks, the full set of cortical connections is present (EÆE, EÆI, IÆE, IÆI) and the number of connections is chosen to be identical to that used in the sharpening model (40 excitatory and 30 inhibitory synap ...
Canonical computations of cerebral cortex
... interaction between high-level objects and varying lowlevel implementations is seen in motor planning: for example, an intention to point to an object might be instantiated with various fingers of either hand and various arm configurations, or a foot, or a laser pointer. We might speculate that this ...
... interaction between high-level objects and varying lowlevel implementations is seen in motor planning: for example, an intention to point to an object might be instantiated with various fingers of either hand and various arm configurations, or a foot, or a laser pointer. We might speculate that this ...
BvP neurons exhibit a larger variety in statistics of inter
... For most spiking data of cortical neurons, the condition T > τ is satisfied. Decay time constants of cortical neurons have been estimated to be less than 20 ms,24, 25) and mean firing rates are no more than approximately 50 Hz. The region in which the (CV,SK) values are confined for T > τ is small f ...
... For most spiking data of cortical neurons, the condition T > τ is satisfied. Decay time constants of cortical neurons have been estimated to be less than 20 ms,24, 25) and mean firing rates are no more than approximately 50 Hz. The region in which the (CV,SK) values are confined for T > τ is small f ...