(2006) Changes in visual receptive fields with microstimulation of
... stimulation (chi-square test, p < 0.005). However, the increased frequency of abortive saccades following microstimulation was not uniform across visual stimulus conditions. The probability of evoking an abortive saccade was significantly greater during the aligned condition (5.5%) than during the m ...
... stimulation (chi-square test, p < 0.005). However, the increased frequency of abortive saccades following microstimulation was not uniform across visual stimulus conditions. The probability of evoking an abortive saccade was significantly greater during the aligned condition (5.5%) than during the m ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... versus disabled top-down projections between the two areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described condi ...
... versus disabled top-down projections between the two areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described condi ...
Where is the proprioception first processed? Thalamus vs. Cerebellum
... – Unknown distribution within and projections from VB to cortex – Not known if the result of immutable connections or dynamic maintenance and modification ...
... – Unknown distribution within and projections from VB to cortex – Not known if the result of immutable connections or dynamic maintenance and modification ...
On the Role of Biophysical Properties of Cortical Neurons in Binding
... even reverse this effect (Softky, 1994). Furthermore, because the somatic membrane potential, the variable modeled here, has an upper limit at the threshold for the generation of action potentials below the reversal potential of the mixed currents due to excitatory input, the effect of postsynaptic ...
... even reverse this effect (Softky, 1994). Furthermore, because the somatic membrane potential, the variable modeled here, has an upper limit at the threshold for the generation of action potentials below the reversal potential of the mixed currents due to excitatory input, the effect of postsynaptic ...
The hippocampal–striatal axis in learning, prediction and
... conditioned stimulus invigorates (if appetitive) or reduces (if aversive) the rate of an appetitively motivated instrumental behavior (e.g. lever pressing) when it is presented non-contingently during instrumental performance. Reinforcement learning (RL): type of learning in which an agent initially ...
... conditioned stimulus invigorates (if appetitive) or reduces (if aversive) the rate of an appetitively motivated instrumental behavior (e.g. lever pressing) when it is presented non-contingently during instrumental performance. Reinforcement learning (RL): type of learning in which an agent initially ...
Maturation of Layer V Pyramidal Neurons in the Rat Prefrontal
... 1994; Weinberger and Berman 1996). Although the causes for such malfunction may be complex, many studies suggest abnormalities that occur during early postnatal development (Jones 1997; Lewis and Levitt 2002; Raedler et al. 1998). Electrical activities play important roles in developmental processes ...
... 1994; Weinberger and Berman 1996). Although the causes for such malfunction may be complex, many studies suggest abnormalities that occur during early postnatal development (Jones 1997; Lewis and Levitt 2002; Raedler et al. 1998). Electrical activities play important roles in developmental processes ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM REVIEW
... system is also known as the skeletal nervous system and controls voluntary movement. ...
... system is also known as the skeletal nervous system and controls voluntary movement. ...
ANN Approach for Weather Prediction using Back Propagation
... gradient by subtracting a ratio of it from the weight. This ratio influences the speed and quality of learning; it is called the learning rate. The sign of the gradient of a weight indicates where the error is increasing; this is why the weight must be updated in the opposite direction. Repeat phase ...
... gradient by subtracting a ratio of it from the weight. This ratio influences the speed and quality of learning; it is called the learning rate. The sign of the gradient of a weight indicates where the error is increasing; this is why the weight must be updated in the opposite direction. Repeat phase ...
Lexical Plasticity in Early Bilinguals Does Not Alter Phoneme
... through intrapool cooperation and interpool competition. With a sufficiently strong synaptic connection binding two or more pools, one can also get cooperation between pools. These connection strengths or weights describe relative deviations of the synaptic conductivities from their average value ac ...
... through intrapool cooperation and interpool competition. With a sufficiently strong synaptic connection binding two or more pools, one can also get cooperation between pools. These connection strengths or weights describe relative deviations of the synaptic conductivities from their average value ac ...
ReflexArcLabBackgroundNotes
... Atropine is a sedative drug made from the deadly nightshade plant (Atropa belladonna) It was apparently used in the middles ages by women to dilate there pupils This is the source of the word belladonna in Latin and Belle in French ...
... Atropine is a sedative drug made from the deadly nightshade plant (Atropa belladonna) It was apparently used in the middles ages by women to dilate there pupils This is the source of the word belladonna in Latin and Belle in French ...
![[j26]Chapter 7#](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015520931_1-d3d263c2c8c221955c9bc7f03ee94039-300x300.png)
[j26]Chapter 7#
... Within a collection of axons (or nerves), a low-intensity stimulus will only activate those few fibers with low thresholds, whereas high-intensity stimuli can activate fibers with higher thresholds. The absolute refractory period occurs at a time when the Na+ channel is inactivated either by a molec ...
... Within a collection of axons (or nerves), a low-intensity stimulus will only activate those few fibers with low thresholds, whereas high-intensity stimuli can activate fibers with higher thresholds. The absolute refractory period occurs at a time when the Na+ channel is inactivated either by a molec ...
![[j26]Chapter 7#](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009487154_1-bf88061009d68b903e2c1573596f45de-300x300.png)
[j26]Chapter 7#
... ___ 34. There may be two types of neuron membrane channels for Na+; one type is always open because it lacks gates (leakage channels) whereas the other type has gates that are closed in the resting cell. ...
... ___ 34. There may be two types of neuron membrane channels for Na+; one type is always open because it lacks gates (leakage channels) whereas the other type has gates that are closed in the resting cell. ...
(2006) A cognitive signal for the proactive timing of action in
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
Neural Mechanisms of Bias and Sensitivity in Hiroshi Nishida Muneyoshi Takahashi
... from a central circle to a peripheral target (appearing after a variable interval). The results showed a cumulative firing rate in the FEF. The cumulative firing rate continues until a threshold is reached, at which time the eye movement is generated; that is, movements are always initiated at the mom ...
... from a central circle to a peripheral target (appearing after a variable interval). The results showed a cumulative firing rate in the FEF. The cumulative firing rate continues until a threshold is reached, at which time the eye movement is generated; that is, movements are always initiated at the mom ...
... This function is graphically shown in Figure 9, forneuronal networks of, up to, 2000 neurons. A neuronal network of 2000 neurons would require the production and normalisation of 2,001,000 pairwise cross correlations. Current recording hardware for multi-dimensional spike trains can already routinel ...
A & P 240: Overview of the Human Nervous System
... and convert that stimulul into a nerve impulse is called excitability. 5 Restoration of the resting membrane potential is called REPOLARIZATION. The period of time during which the membrane recovers and cannot initiate another action potential is called the refractory period. 6. According to the all ...
... and convert that stimulul into a nerve impulse is called excitability. 5 Restoration of the resting membrane potential is called REPOLARIZATION. The period of time during which the membrane recovers and cannot initiate another action potential is called the refractory period. 6. According to the all ...
At the root of embodied cognition: Cognitive science meets
... shape, size, and spatial orientation. The above-mentioned studies found strong congruency between motor and visual specificity. For example, if a neuron activates during whole-hand prehension, it fires even during mere observation of a large object, but does not fire for a small one. Vice-versa, if a n ...
... shape, size, and spatial orientation. The above-mentioned studies found strong congruency between motor and visual specificity. For example, if a neuron activates during whole-hand prehension, it fires even during mere observation of a large object, but does not fire for a small one. Vice-versa, if a n ...
SENSE AND THE SINGLE NEURON: Probing the Physiology of
... to those of the psychometric functions. It is possible to fit a curve to the neurometric data and extract estimates of the threshold and slope for the neuron, just as for the behavioral data. But, most importantly, we now have a representation of the neural data that summarizes the trial-by-trial pe ...
... to those of the psychometric functions. It is possible to fit a curve to the neurometric data and extract estimates of the threshold and slope for the neuron, just as for the behavioral data. But, most importantly, we now have a representation of the neural data that summarizes the trial-by-trial pe ...
neurotransmitters
... Nervous Tissue: Neurons Axons end in axonal terminals Most cells average about 10,000 axon terminals Axon terminals contain vesicles with ...
... Nervous Tissue: Neurons Axons end in axonal terminals Most cells average about 10,000 axon terminals Axon terminals contain vesicles with ...
A Neural Model of Rule Generation in Inductive Reasoning
... top with one blank cell, and the eight possible answers for that blank cell are given below. In order to solve this matrix, the subject needs to generate three rules: (a) the number of triangles increases by one across the row, (b) the orientation of the triangles is constant across the row, (c) eac ...
... top with one blank cell, and the eight possible answers for that blank cell are given below. In order to solve this matrix, the subject needs to generate three rules: (a) the number of triangles increases by one across the row, (b) the orientation of the triangles is constant across the row, (c) eac ...