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Diseases of the posterior pituitary
Diseases of the posterior pituitary

... • Oxytocin (along with estrogen) induces maternal behavior in virgin female rats Oxytocin is present in high quantities in breast milk. It is also produced in detectable amounts in the brains of newly ...
Spring 2011 MCB Transcript
Spring 2011 MCB Transcript

... switches can be designed to be triggered by specific wavelengths of light, experimental systems can have multiple switches that respond to different light signals. In a sense, these techniques allows researchers to “drive” a nervous system, to see what consequences come from changing the normal func ...
Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain
Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

... balance, and is involved in learning some simple responses. ...
Environmental Causes of Central Nervous System Maldevelopment
Environmental Causes of Central Nervous System Maldevelopment

... milieu of developing neurons can have unexpected effects. Release of corticosterone initiates the handling effect, but how this ultimately alters the brain remains unclear, because the event has so many effects on so many parts of the CNS (reviewed by Champagne and Meaney46). However, there are surp ...
Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... 4. A person tastes salt when __________ diffuse through channels and causes ____________________ 5. Hydrogen ions of acids cause depolarization of gustatory cells in 1 of 3 ways: a. __________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________ c. __________ ...
Neurons and Glia
Neurons and Glia

... in the nervous system:neurlns and glia. Theseare broad categories,within which are many types of cells that differ basedon their structure, chemistry, and function. Nonetheless,the distinction between neurons and glia is important. Although there are many neurons in the human brain (about 100 billio ...
The Nervous System  - Home
The Nervous System - Home

... includes structures such as the superior and inferior colliculi and red nucleus. There are several other areas also in the midbrain. ...
The parasympathetic system
The parasympathetic system

... – However, sweat glands are stimulated primarily through centers in the hypothalamus that are considered to be parasympathetic centers – sweating may be called a parasympathetic function even though it is controlled by fibers anatomically distributed through the sympathetic nervous system ...
Neurons and Nervous Tissue
Neurons and Nervous Tissue

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multispectral labeling technique to map many neighboring axonal
multispectral labeling technique to map many neighboring axonal

... regions of the gland. We found six ganglion cells that possessed both red- and green-labeled vesicles in their somata (Fig. 1b). 95.4% of the vesicles (372/390) had red or green fluorescence that was unmixed (either purely red or purely green), which is consistent with the idea that the dyes do not ...
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Slide 1

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Nerve activates contraction
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Regulation of Respiration
Regulation of Respiration

... respiratory center & acts on peripheral chemoreceptors located in the carotid &aortic bodies. These in turn transmit signals to the resp. center. ...
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the gut-brain axis and appetite control - e

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melanin in the body
melanin in the body

... connected to each other making an immense and complex neural network. Each neuron receives thousands of electrical inputs from one another. Impulses arriving at the same time are added together to make an electrical discharge aka 'nerve impulse'. Neurons are found in the brain and spinal cord aka th ...
Portfolio - TRG Communications, LLC Specializing in the Pharmabio
Portfolio - TRG Communications, LLC Specializing in the Pharmabio

... The surface of the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex and is composed of six layers. It is made of gray matter, which is also found in the other parts of the nervous system. Because this gray matter enlarges more than the rest of the brain during development, it rolls and folds upon itself to pr ...
Digital Selection and Analogue Amplification Coexist in a cortex-inspired silicon circuit
Digital Selection and Analogue Amplification Coexist in a cortex-inspired silicon circuit

... achieved in analogue circuits are generally seen as incompatible functions and are separated into two classes of electronic technology. However, the neuronal circuits of the neocortex do not respect this distinction. There, multistability coexists with analogue response. For example, when a visual s ...
e. Nervous System - 2404 copy
e. Nervous System - 2404 copy

... [brain size is proportional to body size not intelligence ! Neanderthals had larger brains than us!!] early thoughts on function of brain: ancient Greeks weren’t particularly impressed with the brain ...
Nervous System - Austin Community College
Nervous System - Austin Community College

... some stimulate the next neuron, some block the next neuron and in some cases more than one synapse must be stimulated to produce an impulse in the next neuron whether the cell after the synapse is stimulated ...
Nervous System - IHMC Public Cmaps
Nervous System - IHMC Public Cmaps

... body. It controls the activity of all other systems in such a way that all the systems collectively make a human being. Without a controlling system, there is no concept of life because in such case there will be no coordination between different body functions and they will all act separately. Nerv ...
Document
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... This division is responsible for most voluntary motor behavior. Autonomic Pathways Remember that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is composed of neurons within the central and peripheral nervous systems that control input to the visceral organs, secretory glands, and smooth muscle of the cardiovas ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... notable exception – postganglionic autonomics) • Sensory neurons lie OUTSIDE the brain (with a notable exception – Mesencephalic nuc. Trigem) ...
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

... neighbouring neurons, passing the message along. Neurons come in many sizes: e.g. a single sensory neuron from the fingertip has an axon that extends the length of the arm, while neurons within the brain may extend only a few millimetres. Neurons have different shapes depending on what they do. Moto ...
File - JFS Psychology
File - JFS Psychology

... Up to two marks for outlining the role of the CNS and the ANS in behaviour. One mark for each. This will probably be embedded in the application to Martha. For CNS, possible points might include brain and role in life functions / psychological processes / higher mental functions and spinal cord and ...
The Somatosensory System: Receptors and Central Pathways
The Somatosensory System: Receptors and Central Pathways

... one’s own). Receptors in skeletal muscle, joint capsules, and the skin enable us to have conscious awareness of the posture and movements of our own body, particularly the four limbs and the head. Although one can move parts of the body without sensory feedback from proprioceptors, the movements are ...
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Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
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