• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chapter 3 The Nervous System and the Brain
Chapter 3 The Nervous System and the Brain

... fibers. These fibers supply the cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and the glands. The glands, smooth muscles and the cardiac muscles make up the Autonomic Nervous System. The Autonomic Nervous System is then made up of two divisions. The first is the Parasympathetic Division, which is important for t ...
Modeling and Imagery
Modeling and Imagery

... • The γ activation of the intrafusal fibers serves as a reflexive check on the α activated extrafusal fibers • If there’s a match, all is well • If there’s a mismatch, the α–motor neuron fires some ...
an appraisal of the mechanism of action of
an appraisal of the mechanism of action of

... related issues9. Shirodhara bring a calming effect because after completion of procedure patient feel relax and sleepy. So it may say that one of the mechanisms of action of Shirodhara is by raising the level of Serotonin. Probable Mode of Action of Shirodhara: 1. Tranquilizing effect : Continuous p ...
Topic 1: Cell biology (15 hours)
Topic 1: Cell biology (15 hours)

... 8. Synapses are junctions between neurons and between neurons and acetylcholine receptors. receptor or effector cells. Guidance: Only chemical synapses are 13. Skill: Analysis of required, not electrical, and they can simply be referred to as synapses. oscilloscope traces 9. When presynaptic neurons ...
Tracts
Tracts

... Most important pathway for voluntary motor function Some axons (corticonuclear fibers) terminate at the cranial nerve nuclei Other axons (corticospinal fibers) terminate on the motor anterior horn cells Third group of the axons (corticoreticular fibers) terminate at the nuclei of the reticular forma ...
Optical Fractionator
Optical Fractionator

... nucleus must have a size equal to or greater than the diameter of the average TH+ nucleus, (c) it has a macronucleolus and more than one small nucleoli, (d) the shape of the nucleus is round to oval, (e) the nuclear membrane typically smooth, (f) the nucleus was partially or entirely inside the coun ...
PG1006 Lecture 2 Nervous Tissue 1
PG1006 Lecture 2 Nervous Tissue 1

... by  nerves,  nerve  cells  and  neurones   2.  Outline  the  key  structural  features  of  nerve  cells  or   neurons   3.  Introduce  the  methods  by  which  neurones  physically   interact  and  func4onally  couple.   ...
Notes to Resp. 4
Notes to Resp. 4

... and a motor effector with possible intermediate neuronal processing. Thus, respiratory cycles have an autonomic characteristic that can be modified by a voluntary contribution. Control of breathing involves control of the diaphragm, the most important muscle of inspiration. Remember that when our di ...
Self Assessment Chapter 11 - CM
Self Assessment Chapter 11 - CM

... and determine an appropriate response • 99% of integrated sensory information is subconsciously disregarded as unimportant • Remaining sensory stimuli that CNS does respond to generally leads to a motor response ...
PowerPoint 11: Nemertea
PowerPoint 11: Nemertea

...  Most important in which habitats?  Absent in deep-sea, pelagic forms  Role in excretion? ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... movements and bodily functions. Nervous System Video ...
Neurophysiology
Neurophysiology

... Afferent neurons interconnected in a certain sequence First-order sensory neuron “Afferent neuron with its peripheral receptor that FIRST detects the stimulus Second-order sensory neuron ...
Divisions of the Nervous System
Divisions of the Nervous System

... protects the spinal cord. • The spinal cord is the link between your brain and the peripheral nervous system. • All of these parts of the brain and spinal cord are surrounded by a liquid to protect them (spinal fluid!). ...
Introduction to the Nervous System
Introduction to the Nervous System

... Twelve pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the inferior surface of the brain. All of these nerves, except the vagus nerve, pass through foramina of the skull to innervate structures in the head, neck, and facial region. The cranial nerves are designated both by name and by Roman numerals, according ...
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

... 32. Define the anatomic, chemical, enzymatic, and receptor components of a chemical synapse. 33. Go through the sequence of events that allow an action potential on an axon to be transmitted into a graded potential on a postsynaptic membrane. Excitatory and Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials 34. Ind ...
supporting cells - Daniela Sartori
supporting cells - Daniela Sartori

... • Allows only certain compounds to enter brain • Formed by capillary specializations in brain – That appear to be induced by astrocytes – Capillaries are not as leaky as those in body • Gaps between adjacent cells are closed by tight junctions ...
17-Basal ganglion
17-Basal ganglion

... temporal lobe where it lies in the roof of the inferior horn of lateral ventricle. ...
Neurons - Honors Biology 10 - 2222-03
Neurons - Honors Biology 10 - 2222-03

... The messages carried by the nervous system are electrical signals called impulses. Nervous system impulses are transmitted by cells called neurons. ...
Nervous System WS (handed out after section exam)
Nervous System WS (handed out after section exam)

... 6. Neurons are organized into circuits: receptor cells  sensory neurons  interneuron (CNS)  Brain  interneuron  motor neuron  effector cells (muscle or gland) ...
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

... myelinated nerve fibers  The white matter of the spinal cord is arranged in columns/funiculi; anterior, posterior and lateral.  The nerve fibers are arranged as bundles, running vertically through the cord.  A group of nerve fibers (axons) that share a common origin, termination and function form ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... 2. Can neuroglia undergo action potentials? 3. The type of cell that carries nerve impulses in the nervous system is the ________________________. 4. The type of cell that nourishes, supports, and influences the activity of the neurons is the ________________. 5. The part of the neuron that brings i ...
Chapter 11-自律神經及體運動神經系統檔案
Chapter 11-自律神經及體運動神經系統檔案

... Figure 11.7 Neurotransmitters and receptors in the autonomic nervous system. (a) Neurotransmitters and receptors for the three distinct anatomical pathways of the sympathetic nervous system. In all cases, the preganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine (Ach), which then binds to nicotinic cholinergi ...
Chapter 11-自律神經及體運動神經系統檔案
Chapter 11-自律神經及體運動神經系統檔案

...  Because the muscles most frequently affected are those of the head, difficulties in speaking (dysarthria) 發音困難 and in swallowing (dysphagia) 吞嚥困難 are common symptoms; dropping of the eyelids (ptosis) 眼瞼下垂 is also a common sign  We now know that myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease 自體免疫疾病— a ...
Afferent (Sensory) Division Part 1
Afferent (Sensory) Division Part 1

... perception • Sensation is the awareness of changes in the internal and external environment • Perception is the conscious interpretation of those stimuli ...
MCB 163: Mammalian Neuroanatomy
MCB 163: Mammalian Neuroanatomy

... reduced relatively since many descending fibers have already terminated; the relative ratio of gray to white matter favors the gray, suggesting that many tracts are small. 2. GRACILE FASCICULUS: This tract contains ganglion cell axons representing cutaneous Merkel and Meissner and Pacinian corpuscle ...
< 1 ... 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 ... 274 >

Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report